1
|
Lim SH, Saluja A, Vickers S, Hong JY, Kim ST, Lavania S, Pandey S, Gupta VK, Velagapudi MR, Lee J. The safety and efficacy outcomes of Minnelide given alone or in combination with paclitaxel in advanced gastric cancer: A phase I trial. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217041. [PMID: 38866072 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Minnelide is a water-soluble disodium salt variant of triptolide, an HSP70 inhibitor that can prevent tumor progression and induce apoptosis. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and antitumor activity of Minnelide alone and its combination with paclitaxel were evaluated in this open-label, single-center, dose-escalation phase I study (NCT05566834) in patients who were previously treated for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Minnelide was administered orally using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design as monotherapy (Regimen A), and in combination with paclitaxel (Regimen B & C). Our results show that no patients experienced dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in the combination group (Regimen B& C) while 2 patients experienced DLT from the Regimen A group (n = 11) (Minnelide 1.5 mg). The MTD was Minnelide 1.25 mg once daily for 21days Q4 weeks as monotherapy. The most common Grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia (19.4 %) and abdominal pain (11.1 %). In Regimen C, 71.5 % achieved either a partial response or a stable disease with the median PFS of 4.5 months, and the median OS of 10.7 months. The combination of Minnelide plus paclitaxel as salvage treatment in AGC patients showed meaningful clinical activity with a manageable safety profile. Based on these encouraging results, a phase II study is being initiated to test the effectiveness of the combination regimen in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Minneamrita Therapeutics LLC, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | | | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shweta Lavania
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Somnath Pandey
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Safe S. Specificity Proteins (Sp) and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5164. [PMID: 36982239 PMCID: PMC10048989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 exhibit structural and functional similarities in cancer cells and extensive studies of Sp1 show that it is a negative prognostic factor for patients with multiple tumor types. In this review, the role of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in the development of cancer and their regulation of pro-oncogenic factors and pathways is reviewed. In addition, interactions with non-coding RNAs and the development of agents that target Sp transcription factors are also discussed. Studies on normal cell transformation into cancer cell lines show that this transformation process is accompanied by increased levels of Sp1 in most cell models, and in the transformation of muscle cells into rhabdomyosarcoma, both Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp4, are increased. The pro-oncogenic functions of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in cancer cell lines were studied in knockdown studies where silencing of each individual Sp TF decreased cancer growth, invasion and induced apoptosis. Silencing of an individual Sp TF was not compensated for by the other two and it was concluded that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are examples of non-oncogene addicted genes. This conclusion was strengthened by the results of Sp TF interactions with non-coding microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs where Sp1 contributed to pro-oncogenic functions of Sp/non-coding RNAs. There are now many examples of anticancer agents and pharmaceuticals that induce downregulation/degradation of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4, yet clinical applications of drugs specifically targeting Sp TFs are not being used. The application of agents targeting Sp TFs in combination therapies should be considered for their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease toxic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suprihadi A, Pustimbara A, Ogura SI. 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium ferrous citrate decreased cell viability of gastric cancer cells by enhanced ROS generation through improving COX activity. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103055. [PMID: 35934181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunctions are related to cancer development.. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is used for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this PDT, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is converted from ALA, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill the cancer cell. ALA is also reported to promote cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, which can generate ROS itself. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of ALA during PDT. In addition, in the previous study, sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) is reported to increase COX activity. So, this study also aims to improve the COX activity by the addition of SFC that can promote ROS generation, which has a cytotoxic effect. METHODS In this study, we used ALA and SFC, then evaluated the effects of the treatment on the human gastric cancer cell line MKN45, including the induction of cell death. RESULTS This study showed that treatment with ALA and SFC increases intracellular heme and heme proteins. Moreover, COX activity was promoted, resulting in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which eventually reduced the cell viability in human gastric cancer cell line MKN45. CONCLUSION Our study can detect ROS generation with ALA and SFC. Furthermore, we found this generation of ROS has a cytotoxic effect. Therefore, this phenomenon contributes to the effect of PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Suprihadi
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Anantya Pustimbara
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichiro Ogura
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du S, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Chi Y. Advances in the study of HSP70 inhibitors to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942828. [PMID: 36036010 PMCID: PMC9399644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is one of the most conserved proteins and a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that plays a role in the folding, remodeling, and degradation of various proteins to maintain proteostasis. It has been shown that HSP70 is abundantly expressed in cancer and enhances tumor resistance to radiotherapy by inhibiting multiple apoptotic pathways, such as interfering with the cellular senescence program, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting metastasis. Thus, HSP70 provides an effective target for enhancing the effects of radiation therapy in the clinical management of cancer patients. Inhibition of HSP70 enhances the radiation-induced tumor-killing effect and thus improves the efficacy of radiotherapy. This article reviews the sensitivity of Hsp70 and its related inhibitors to radiotherapy of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Du
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
| | - Yuhua Chi
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison between Heat-Clearing Medicine and Antirheumatic Medicine in Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Tumor Immune Infiltration Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7490279. [PMID: 35069767 PMCID: PMC8767399 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7490279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical research found that TCM is therapeutic in treating gastric cancer. Clearing heat is the most common method, while some antirheumatic medicines are widely used in treatment as well. To explore the pharmacological mechanism, we researched the comparison between heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine in treating gastric cancer. Methods First, related ingredients and targets were searched, respectively, and are shown in an active ingredient-target network. Combining the relevant targets of gastric cancer, we constructed a PPI network and MCODE network. Then, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted. Molecular docking experiments were performed to verify the affinity of targets and ligands. Finally, we analyzed the tumor immune infiltration on gene expression, somatic CNA, and clinical outcome. Results A total of 31 ingredients and 90 targets of heat-clearing medicine, 31 ingredients and 186 targets of antirheumatic medicine, and 12,155 targets of gastric cancer were collected. Antirheumatic medicine ranked the top in all the enrichment analyses. In the KEGG pathway, both types of medicines were related to pathways in cancer. In the KEGG map, AR, MMP2, ERBB2, and TP53 were the most crucial targets. Key targets and ligands were docked with low binding energy. Analysis of tumor immune infiltration showed that the expressions of AR and ERBB2 were correlated with the abundance of immune infiltration and made a difference in clinical outcomes. Conclusions Quercetin is an important ingredient in both heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine. AR signaling pathway exists in both types of medicines. The mechanism of the antitumor effect in antirheumatic medicine was similar to trastuzumab, a targeted drug aimed at ERBB2. Both types of medicines were significant in tumor immune infiltration. The immunology of gastric tumor deserves further research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Song H, Xing W, Shi X, Zhang T, Lou H, Fan P. Antitumor and toxicity study of mitochondria-targeted triptolide derivatives using triphenylphosphine (TPP +) as a carrier. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116466. [PMID: 34700239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on the higher mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of tumor cells than normal cells, a mitochondria-targeting strategy using delocalized lipophilic cations as carriers is a promising way to improve the antitumor effect of small molecules and to reduce toxicity. Triptolide (TP) has a strong antitumor effect but is limited in the clinic due to high systemic toxicity. Mitochondria-targeted TP derivatives were designed and synthesized using triphenylphosphine cations as carriers. The optimal derivative not only maintained the antitumor activity of TP but also showed a tumor cell selectivity trend. Moreover, the optimal derivative increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and the production of ROS, decreased Δψm, and arrested HepG2 cells in G0/G1 phase. In a zebrafish HepG2 xenograft tumor model, the inhibitory effect of the optimal derivative was comparable to that of TP, while it had no obvious toxic effect on multiple indicators in zebrafish at the test concentrations. This work provided some evidence to support the mitochondria-targeting strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Song
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Wenlan Xing
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Shi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Neuroprotective Drugs, Zibo 255400, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Peihong Fan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance by Targeting the Tumor-Intrinsic NLRP3-HSP70 Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194753. [PMID: 34638239 PMCID: PMC8507548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor-intrinsic NLRP3 inflammasome is a newly recognized player in the regulation of tumor-directed immune responses and promises to provide fresh insight into how tumors respond to immunotherapy. This brief review discusses recent data describing how activation of the tumor-intrinsic NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to immune evasion and what this pathway may provide to the field of immuno-oncology both in terms of pharmacologic targets capable of boosting responses to checkpoint inhibitor therapies and predictive biomarkers indicating which tumors may be most susceptible to these new therapeutic strategies. Abstract The tumor-intrinsic NOD-like receptor family, pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, plays an important role in regulating immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). While prior studies have described the activation of this inflammasome in driving pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, emerging data is now revealing the tumor NLRP3 inflammasome and the downstream release of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) to regulate anti-tumor immunity and contribute to the development of adaptive resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Genetic alterations that influence the activity of the NLRP3 signaling axis are likely to impact T cell-mediated tumor cell killing and may indicate which tumors rely on this pathway for immune escape. These studies suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome and its secreted product, HSP70, represent promising pharmacologic targets for manipulating innate immune cell populations in the TME while enhancing responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Additional studies are needed to better understand tumor-specific regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 to enable the development of tumor-selective pharmacologic strategies capable of augmenting responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy while minimizing unwanted off-target effects. The execution of upcoming clinical trials investigating this strategy to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance promises to provide novel insight into the role of this pathway in immuno-oncology.
Collapse
|
8
|
Heat Shock Factor 1 as a Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker of Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060586. [PMID: 34064083 PMCID: PMC8224319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers is needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Early detection of gastric cancer through diagnostic markers can help establish effective treatments. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), presented in this review, is known to be regulated by a broad range of transcription factors, including those characterized in various malignant tumors, including gastric cancer. Particularly, it has been demonstrated that HSF1 regulation in various cancers is correlated with different processes, such as cell death, proliferation, and metastasis. Due to the effect of HSF1 on the initiation, development, and progression of various tumors, it is considered as an important gene for understanding and treating tumors. Additionally, HSF1 exhibits high expression in various cancers, and its high expression adversely affects the prognosis of various cancer patients, thereby suggesting that it can be used as a novel, predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. In this review, we discuss the literature accumulated in recent years, which suggests that there is a correlation between the expression of HSF1 and prognosis of gastric cancer patients through public data. Consequently, this evidence also indicates that HSF1 can be established as a powerful biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng LY, Zeng XF, Tang D, Deng W, Liu HF, Xie YK. Expression and prognostic significance of thrombospondin gene family in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:355-364. [PMID: 34012631 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombospondins (THBSs) are glycoproteins expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and have critical roles in tumor development and metastasis. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic roles of distinct THBS genes in gastric cancer have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of THBSs in gastric cancer (GC) and determine whether they are prognostic markers for this malignancy. Methods mRNA expression status and genetic mutations of THBS family members were performed by using ONCOMINE, UCSC Xena browser, GEPIA, and cBioPortal databases. Prognostic values and function enrichment analysis of the members were assessed via Kaplan-Meier plotter and Metascape. Results we found that the mRNA expression of THBS1, THBS2, THBS4, and COMP were higher in patients with GC tissues than those in normal gastric mucosa and there was no difference in the mRNA expression of THBS3 between GC and normal tissue. Survival analysis revealed that mRNA levels of THBSs were strongly related to worse OS in GC patients (P<0.05). Overexpression of THBSs indicated poor OS in stage III/IV GC and high expression of THBS1, THBS3, THBS4, and COMP were related to worse OS in stage II GC. Conclusions Bioinformatics analysis revealed a better understanding the value of THBS family members in GC and suggest that THBSs might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ying Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Fu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of General Practice, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiong D, Wang D, Chen Y. Role of the long non-coding RNA LINC00052 in tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 33692848 PMCID: PMC7933760 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52 (LINC00052) is a non-coding RNA with >200 nucleotides in length, which exerts important effects on several physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Recent studies have demonstrated that LINC00052 plays key roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis of multiple types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical carcinoma and gastric cancer. However, the associations between LINC00052 and these tumors remain unclear. The present review summarizes the biological functions of LINC00052 during the pathogenic process of certain tumors, and discusses its potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xiong
- Early Childhood Health Research Innovation Team, Nursing School of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, P.R. China
| | - Yanmeng Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Xing X, Zhang X, Li L, Jiang Z, Wang T, Huang X, Wang X, Zhang L, Sun L. Effects of triptolide on the sphingosine kinase - Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway in colitis-associated colon cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106892. [PMID: 32810834 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Triptolide (TP) exhibits effective activity against colon cancer in multiple preclinical models, but the mechanisms underlying the observed effects are not fully understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive sphingolipid involved in the regulation of colon cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TP on the sphingosine kinase (SPHK)-S1P signaling pathway in colitis-associated colon cancer. METHODS An azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model and the THP-1 cell line were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TP in colitis-associated colon cancer (CACC). Various molecular cell biology experiments, including Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, were used to obtain relevant experimental data. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was also established to detect the levels of S1P in tissue and plasma. RESULTS In the AOM/DSS mouse model, TP treatment induced a dose-dependent decrease in tumor incidence and inhibited macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in the tumors. TP also efficiently decreased the S1P levels and SPHK1/S1PR1/S1PR2 expression and significantly inhibited activation of the S1P-mediated phosphorylation of ERK protein in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that TP might influence the recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages by suppressing the SPHK-S1P signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xin Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scarpa ES, Tasini F, Crinelli R, Ceccarini C, Magnani M, Bianchi M. The Ubiquitin Gene Expression Pattern and Sensitivity to UBB and UBC Knockdown Differentiate Primary 23132/87 and Metastatic MKN45 Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5435. [PMID: 32751694 PMCID: PMC7432825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers. Alterations in the ubiquitin (Ub) system play key roles in the carcinogenetic process and in metastasis development. Overexpression of transcription factors YY1, HSF1 and SP1, known to regulate Ub gene expression, is a predictor of poor prognosis and shorter survival in several cancers. In this study, we compared a primary (23132/87) and a metastatic (MKN45) GC cell line. We found a statistically significant higher expression of three out of four Ub coding genes, UBC, UBB and RPS27A, in MKN45 compared to 23132/87. However, while the total Ub protein content and the distribution of Ub between the conjugated and free pools were similar in these two GC cell lines, the proteasome activity was higher in MKN45. Ub gene expression was not affected upon YY1, HSF1 or SP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, in both 23132/87 and MKN45 cell lines. Interestingly, the simultaneous knockdown of UBB and UBC mRNAs reduced the Ub content in both cell lines, but was more critical in the primary GC cell line 23132/87, causing a reduction in cell viability due to apoptosis induction and a decrease in the oncoprotein and metastatization marker β-catenin levels. Our results identify UBB and UBC as pro-survival genes in primary gastric adenocarcinoma 23132/87 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang X, Cao G, Gao G, Wang W, Zhao J, Gao C. Triptolide decreases tumor-associated macrophages infiltration and M2 polarization to remodel colon cancer immune microenvironment via inhibiting tumor-derived CXCL12. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:193-204. [PMID: 32495392 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common and deadly human digestive tract malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has elicited tremendous success as a treatment modality for multiple solid tumors. Triptolide is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F which shows various pharmacological actions including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifibrosis, and antirheumatic. However, the influence of triptolide treatment on remodeling tumor immune microenvironment is still unknown in colon cancer. This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide treatment on colon cancer and the impact on tumor immune microenvironment and its underlying mechanism. We used CT26 subcutaneous tumors to conduct in vivo experiments and HT29, CT16, and Raw264.7 cells to perform in vitro assays. Triptolide had a therapeutic effect against colon cancer in vivo. Triptolide treatment distinctly inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. In colon cancer immune microenvironment, triptolide treatment decreased the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages through downregulating tumor-derived CXCL12 expression via nuclear factor kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 axis to remodel the immune microenvironment. Triptolide-educated colon cancers retarded the macrophages polarize to anti-inflammatory M2 status by decreasing the expression of Arg-1, CD206, and interleukin-10. Moreover, triptolide inhibited the migration of colon cancer cells via decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Our results identified the role of triptolide treatment in remodeling colon cancer immune microenvironment along with the distinct cytotoxicity function against colon cancer cells, which may provide the evidence for triptolide treatment in clinical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hongze District People's Hospital, Hongze, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyi Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Huaiyin Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei J, Yan Y, Chen X, Qian L, Zeng S, Li Z, Dai S, Gong Z, Xu Z. The Roles of Plant-Derived Triptolide on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncol Res 2019; 27:849-858. [PMID: 30982492 PMCID: PMC7848329 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15447833065047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, natural compounds have been proven to be effective against many human diseases, including cancers. Triptolide (TPL), a diterpenoid triepoxide from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has exhibited attractive cytotoxic activity on several cancer cells. An increasing number of studies have emphasized the antitumor effects of TPL on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we mainly focused on the key molecular signaling pathways that lead to the inhibitory effects of TPL on human NSCLC, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) modulation, inhibition of NF-κB activation, suppression of miRNA expression, etc. In addition, the effect of TIG on immune response in cancer patients is summarized for improved immune modulation utilization. However, the clinical use of TPL is often limited by its severe toxicity and water insolubility. Future clinical trials and drug delivery strategies that will evaluate the security and validate the underlying tumor-killing properties of TPL in human NSCLC are also to be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Long Qian
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- ‡Center for Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Dai
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- *Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- †National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- §Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Polireddy K, Singh K, Pruski M, Jones NC, Manisundaram NV, Ponnela P, Ouellette M, Van Buren G, Younes M, Bynon JS, Dar WA, Bailey JM. Mutant p53R175H promotes cancer initiation in the pancreas by stabilizing HSP70. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
16
|
ROR1-targeted delivery of miR-29b induces cell cycle arrest and therapeutic benefit in vivo in a CLL mouse model. Blood 2019; 134:432-444. [PMID: 31151986 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018882290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) occurs in 2 major forms: aggressive and indolent. Low miR-29b expression in aggressive CLL is associated with poor prognosis. Indiscriminate miR-29b overexpression in the B-lineage of mice causes aberrance, thus warranting the need for selective introduction of miR-29b into B-CLL cells for therapeutic benefit. The oncofetal antigen receptor tyrosine kinase orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is expressed on malignant B-CLL cells, but not normal B cells, encouraging us with ROR1-targeted delivery for therapeutic miRs. Here, we describe targeted delivery of miR-29b to ROR1+ CLL cells leading to downregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3A, modulation of global DNA methylation, decreased SP1, and increased p21 expression in cell lines and primary CLL cells in vitro. Furthermore, using an Eμ-TCL1 mouse model expressing human ROR1, we report the therapeutic benefit of enhanced survival via cellular reprograming by downregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3A in vivo. Gene expression profiling of engrafted murine leukemia identified reprogramming of cell cycle regulators with decreased SP1 and increased p21 expression after targeted miR-29b treatment. This finding was confirmed by protein modulation, leading to cell cycle arrest and survival benefit in vivo. Importantly, SP1 knockdown results in p21-dependent compensation of the miR-29b effect on cell cycle arrest. These studies form a basis for leukemic cell-targeted delivery of miR-29b as a promising therapeutic approach for CLL and other ROR1+ B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Noel P, Von Hoff DD, Saluja AK, Velagapudi M, Borazanci E, Han H. Triptolide and Its Derivatives as Cancer Therapies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:327-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Early Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Gastric Epithelial Cells by "Cell-in-cell". Virol Sin 2019; 34:253-261. [PMID: 30911896 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human dsDNA virus, which has been shown to be associated with several malignancies including about 10% of gastric carcinomas. How EBV enters an epithelial cell has been an interesting project for investigation. "Cell-in-cell" infection was recently reported an efficient way for the entry of EBV into nasopharynx epithelial cells. The present approach was to explore the feasibility of this mode for EBV infection in gastric epithelial cells and the dynamic change of host inflammatory reaction. The EBV-positive lymphoblastic cells of Akata containing a GFP tag in the viral genome were co-cultured with the gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). The infection situation was observed under fluorescence and electron microscopies. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting assay were employed to detect the expression of a few specific cytokines and inflammatory factors. The results demonstrated that EBV could get into gastric epithelial cells by "cell-in-cell" infection but not fully successful due to the host fighting. IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 played prominent roles in the cellular response to the infection. The activation of NF-κB and HSP70 was also required for the host antiviral response. The results imply that the gastric epithelial cells could powerfully resist the virus invader via cell-in-cell at the early stage through inflammatory and innate immune responses.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma J, Wang BB, Ma XY, Deng WP, Xu LS, Sha WH. Potential involvement of heat shock proteins in pancreatic-duodenal homeobox-1-mediated effects on the genesis of gastric cancer: A 2D gel-based proteomic study. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4263-4271. [PMID: 30310259 PMCID: PMC6175762 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify functional proteins involved in pancreatic-duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1)-mediated effects on gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS A PDX1-overexpressed model was established by transfecting gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 with pcDNA3.1(+)-PDX1 vector (SGC-PDX1). Transfection with empty pcDNA3.1 vector (SGC-pcDNA) served as control. Comparative protein profiles of the two groups were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis based-proteomics (2DE gel-based proteomics). The differential proteins identified by 2DE were further validated by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine any direct interactions between PDX1 and the differential proteins.
RESULTS 2DE gel proteomics identified seven differential proteins in SGC-PDX1 when compared with those in SGC-pcDNA. These included four heat shock proteins (HSPs; HSP70p1B, HSP70p8, HSP60, HSP27) and three other proteins (ER60, laminin receptor 1, similar to epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 protein). Immunoblotting validated the expression of the HSPs (HSP70, HSP60, HSP27). Furthermore, their expressions were lowered to 80%, 20% and 24%, respectively, in SGC-PDX1, while PDX1 exhibited a 9-fold increase, compared to SGC-pcDNA. However, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of the HSPs were increased in SGC-PDX1, suggesting that the expression of the HSPs was post-translationally regulated by the PDX1 protein. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation failed to identify any direct interaction between PDX1 and HSP70 proteins.
CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential involvement of HSPs in PDX1-mediated effects on the genesis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Forensic Identification Institute, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Triptolide inhibits Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 expression by increasing sensitivity of mitochondria apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:192. [PMID: 30111354 PMCID: PMC6094928 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widely found in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue and associated with poor prognosis of patients. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is expressed in all NPC tumors and plays multiple biological roles in both virus and host cells. Triptolide is a natural product extracted from Tripterygium and shows anti-cancer activities. The goal of this work was to illustrate the anti-cancer effect of triptolide and elucidate a novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of EBNA1 in NPC cells encountered with triptolide. METHODS In the present study, a CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the proliferation of NPC cells treated with triptolide in a dose- and time-dependent ways. Effects of triptolide on NPC cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometric analysis. EBNA1 expression in mRNA and protein levels was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that triptolide effectively inhibited proliferation of NPC cells. Triptolide arrested NPC cell cycles in S phase and induced apoptosis through a caspase-9-dependent apoptosis pathway. Low-dose of triptolide reduced the half-life of EBNA1 and significantly decreased EBNA1 expression by promoting the process of proteasome-ubiquitin pathway. Over-expression of EBNA1, which was independent from EBV genome, effectively attenuated the apoptosis induced by triptolide. In addition, triptolide significantly inhibited proliferations of tumors induced by EBV-positive cells in vivo. Furthermore, EBNA1 were expressed in all NPC biopsies of Chinese patients. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides the evidence that triptolide induces EBNA1 degradation and stimulates NPC apoptosis through mitochondria apoptotic pathway. In addition, EBNA1 assists NPC cells to resist triptolide-induced apoptosis through inhibiting caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shan Y, Ying R, Jia Z, Kong W, Wu Y, Zheng S, Jin H. LINC00052 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis via Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1589-1599. [PMID: 28337962 PMCID: PMC7841087 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14897896412027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. The etiology of GC is complex, and much more attention should be paid to genetic factors. In this study, we explored the role and function of LINC00052 in GC. We applied qRT-PCR and Northern blot to detect the expression of LINC00052 and found it was highly expressed during GC. We also investigated the effects of LINC00052 on tumor prognosis and progression and found that LINC00052 indicated poor prognosis and tumor progression. By performing MTT, colony formation, and Transwell assays, we found that LINC00052 promoted MGC-803 cell proliferation and metastasis. Pull-down and RIP assays showed that LINC00052 could interact with β-catenin and methyltransferase SMYD2, and immunoprecipitation detection showed that LINC00052 promoted β-catenin methylation to maintain its stability, so as to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, XAV939 (inhibitor of β-catenin) was used to treat MGC-803 cells, and we found that LINC00052 promoted proliferation and metastasis, possibly by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, our research demonstrated a carcinogenic role for LINC000052 in GC, which may represent a new approach for the prevention and therapy of this cancer.
Collapse
|