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Sukaram T, Tansawat R, Phathong C, Rerknimitr R, Chaiteerakij R. Volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117831. [PMID: 38378104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been shown as promising biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the performance of VOCs for diagnosing early-stage HCC in patients at-risk for HCC. METHODS VOCs were identified in exhaled breath samples collected from 87 early-stage HCC patients, 90 cirrhotic patients, and 72 HBV-infected patients using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. The VOC levels were compared between the three groups. An association between VOCs and HCC was determined using logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic performance of VOCs was estimated using the AUROC and compared to serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). RESULTS The levels of acetone monomer, dimethyl sulfide, 1,4-pentadiene, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone dimer were significantly different between the three groups. After adjusting for liver function test and AFP, acetone dimer was significantly associated with HCC. Acetone dimer significantly outperformed AFP with 86.2 % vs. 61.2 % sensitivity, 87.6 % vs. 66.2 % specificity, 86.9 % vs. 63.5 % for accuracy, and AUROC of 0.908 vs. 0.665, p = 0.007, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively, for differentiating between HCC and cirrhosis. CONCLUSION Acetone showed a better performance than AFP for diagnosing early HCC in at-risk patients. Further studies to validate the utility of VOCs as an HCC surveillance tool are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanikan Sukaram
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossarin Tansawat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlada Phathong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Allosh A, Pantis-Simut CA, Filipoiu N, Preda AT, Necula G, Ghitiu I, Anghel DV, Dulea MA, Nemnes GA. Tuning phosphorene and MoS 2 2D materials for detecting volatile organic compounds associated with respiratory diseases. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1803-1812. [PMID: 38192312 PMCID: PMC10772541 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07685g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for the rapid diagnostication of respiratory diseases. By detecting specific biomarkers associated with different pathologies one may distinguish between tuberculosis, nosocomial pneumonia, Aspergillus fumigatus, influenza and SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. Phosphorene and MoS2 are potential candidates from the class of 2D graphene-like materials, which can be used as active layers for sensing elements. However, as the target molecules poorly adhere to the pristine layers, binding centers are created by introducing substitutional impurities. The adsorbed VOCs induce modifications in the electrical properties of the customized active layers. For each biomarker and a sequence of substitutional impurities, a pattern of conductivities is obtained, which enables the detection of an unknown test specimen. Exploring multiple biosensor configurations we find an optimal design yielding a considerable selectivity for the five biomarker compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Allosh
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
| | - Calin-Andrei Pantis-Simut
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB) 90 Panduri Street Bucharest 050663 Romania
| | - Nicolae Filipoiu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
| | - Amanda Teodora Preda
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB) 90 Panduri Street Bucharest 050663 Romania
| | - George Necula
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
| | - Ioan Ghitiu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
| | - Dragos-Victor Anghel
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB) 90 Panduri Street Bucharest 050663 Romania
| | - Mihnea Alexandru Dulea
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
| | - George Alexandru Nemnes
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele-Ilfov 077126 Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics Magurele-Ilfov 077125 Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB) 90 Panduri Street Bucharest 050663 Romania
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Tan SY, Ma Q, Li F, Jiang H, Peng XY, Dong J, Ye X, Wang QL, You FM, Fu X, Ren YF. Does the last 20 years paradigm of clinical research using volatile organic compounds to non-invasively diagnose cancer need to change? Challenges and future direction. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10377-10386. [PMID: 37273109 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown great potential as novel biomarkers for cancer detection; however, comprehensive quantitative analysis is lacking. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of non-invasive cancer diagnosis using VOCs to better characterise international trends and to predict future hotspots in this field, and then we focussed on human studies to analyse clinical characteristics for presenting the current controversies and future perspectives of further clinical work. METHODS Publications, from 2002 to 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to generate network maps and identify the annual publications, top countries, authors, institutions, journals, references, and keywords. Then, we further screened clinical trials, and the key information was extracted into Microsoft Excel for further systematical analysis. RESULTS Six hundred and forty-one articles were identified to evaluate research trends, of which 301 clinical trials were selected for further systematical analysis. Overall, the annual publications in this area increased, with an overall upward trend, while the quality of clinical research remains remarkably uneven. CONCLUSION The study of non-invasive cancer diagnosis using VOCs would continue to be an active field. However, without stringent clinical design criteria, most suitable acquisition and analysis devices and statistical approaches, a list of exclusive, specific, reliable and reproducible VOCs to identify a disease and these VOCs appearing in a breath at detectable levels at early stage disease, the clinical utility of VOC tests will be difficult to have any breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yan Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-Ming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Hewitt MJ, Belluomo I, Zuffa S, Boshier PR, Myridakis A. Variation of volatile organic compound levels within ambient room air and its impact upon the standardisation of breath sampling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15887. [PMID: 36151300 PMCID: PMC9508138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest around analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within breath has increased in the last two decades. Uncertainty remains around standardisation of sampling and whether VOCs within room air can influence breath VOC profiles. To assess the abundance of VOCs within room air in common breath sampling locations within a hospital setting and whether this influences the composition of breath. A secondary objective is to investigate diurnal variation in room air VOCs. Room air was collected using a sampling pump and thermal desorption (TD) tubes in the morning and afternoon from five locations. Breath samples were collected in the morning only. TD tubes were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 113 VOCs were identified from the collected samples. Multivariate analysis demonstrated clear separation between breath and room air. Room air composition changed throughout the day and different locations were characterized by specific VOCs, which were not influencing breath profiles. Breath did not demonstrate separation based on location, suggesting that sampling can be performed across different locations without affecting results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Choueiry F, Barham A, Zhu J. Analyses of lung cancer-derived volatiles in exhaled breath and in vitro models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1179-1190. [PMID: 35410512 PMCID: PMC9335511 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221082634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer incidence and cancer-related deaths in the world. Early diagnosis of pulmonary tumors results in improved survival compared to diagnosis with more advanced disease, yet early disease is not reliably indicated by symptoms. Despite of the improved testing and monitoring techniques for lung cancer in the past decades, most diagnostic tests, such as sputum cytology or tissue biopsies, are invasive and risky, rendering them unfeasible for large population screening. The non-invasive analysis of exhaled breath has gained attentions as an innovative screening method to measure chemical alterations within the human volatilome profile as a result of oncogenesis. More importantly, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been correlated to the pathophysiology of disease since the source of volatile compounds relies mostly on endogenous metabolic processes that are altered as a result of disease onset. Therefore, studying VOCs emitted from human breath may assist lung cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and other surveillance of this devastating disease. In this mini review, we evaluated recent human studies that have attempted to identify lung cancer-derived volatiles in exhaled breath of patients. We also examined reported volatiles in cell cultures of lung cancer to better understand the origins of cancer-associated VOCs. We highlight the metabolic processes of lung cancer that could be responsible for the endogenous synthesis of these VOCs and pinpoint the protein-encoding genes involved in these pathways. Finally, we highlight the potential value of a breath test in lung cancer and propose prominent areas for future research required for the incorporation of VOCs-based testing into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1132, USA
| | - Addison Barham
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1132, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1132, USA,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Jiangjiang Zhu.
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Kabir KM, Baker MJ, Donald WA. Micro- and nanoscale sensing of volatile organic compounds for early-stage cancer diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sukaram T, Tansawat R, Apiparakoon T, Tiyarattanachai T, Marukatat S, Rerknimitr R, Chaiteerakij R. Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5326. [PMID: 35351916 PMCID: PMC8964758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. We determined VOCs profile in exhaled breath of 97 HCC patients and 111 controls using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Support Vector Machine algorithm. The combination of acetone, 1,4-pentadiene, methylene chloride, benzene, phenol and allyl methyl sulfide provided the highest accuracy of 79.6%, with 76.5% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity in the training set; and 55.4% accuracy, 44.0% sensitivity, and 75.0% specificity in the test set. This combination was correlated with the HCC stages demonstrating by the increased distance from the classification boundary when the stage advanced. For early HCC detection, d-limonene provided a 62.8% sensitivity, 51.8% specificity and 54.9% accuracy. The levels of acetone, butane and dimethyl sulfide were significantly altered after treatment. Patients with complete response had a greater decreased acetone level than those with remaining tumor post-treatment (73.38 ± 56.76 vs. 17.11 ± 58.86 (× 106 AU, p = 0.006). Using a cutoff of 35.9 × 106 AU, the reduction in acetone level predicted treatment response with 77.3% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 79.4%, accuracy, and AUC of 0.784. This study demonstrates the feasibility of exhaled VOCs as a non-invasive tool for diagnosis, monitoring of HCC progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanikan Sukaram
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossarin Tansawat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Terapap Apiparakoon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sanparith Marukatat
- Image Processing and Understanding Team, Artificial Intelligence Research Group, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Yang X, Chi H, Tian Y, Li T, Wang Y. Research Progress of Graphene and Its Derivatives towards Exhaled Breath Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020048. [PMID: 35200309 PMCID: PMC8869631 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic process of the human body produces a large number of gaseous biomarkers. The tracking and monitoring of certain diseases can be achieved through the detection of these markers. Due to the superior specific surface area, large functional groups, good optical transparency, conductivity and interlayer spacing, graphene, and its derivatives are widely used in gas sensing. Herein, the development of graphene and its derivatives in gas-phase biomarker detection was reviewed in terms of the detection principle and the latest detection methods and applications in several common gases, etc. Finally, we summarized the commonly used materials, preparation methods, response mechanisms for NO, NH3, H2S, and volatile organic gas VOCs, and other gas detection, and proposed the challenges and prospective applications in this field.
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Hu W, Wu W, Jian Y, Haick H, Zhang G, Qian Y, Yuan M, Yao M. Volatolomics in healthcare and its advanced detection technology. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:8185-8213. [PMID: 35789633 PMCID: PMC9243817 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various diseases increasingly challenge the health status and life quality of human beings. Volatolome emitted from patients has been considered as a potential family of markers, volatolomics, for diagnosis/screening. There are two fundamental issues of volatolomics in healthcare. On one hand, the solid relationship between the volatolome and specific diseases needs to be clarified and verified. On the other hand, effective methods should be explored for the precise detection of volatolome. Several comprehensive review articles had been published in this field. However, a timely and systematical summary and elaboration is still desired. In this review article, the research methodology of volatolomics in healthcare is critically considered and given out, at first. Then, the sets of volatolome according to specific diseases through different body sources and the analytical instruments for their identifications are systematically summarized. Thirdly, the advanced electronic nose and photonic nose technologies for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection are well introduced. The existed obstacles and future perspectives are deeply thought and discussed. This article could give a good guidance to researchers in this interdisciplinary field, not only understanding the cutting-edge detection technologies for doctors (medicinal background), but also making reference to clarify the choice of aimed VOCs during the sensor research for chemists, materials scientists, electronics engineers, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Hu
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 730107 China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 730107 China
| | - Yingying Jian
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 730107 China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200002 Israel
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yun Qian
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033 China
| | - Mingshui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 310006 China
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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10
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Gouzerh F, Bessière JM, Ujvari B, Thomas F, Dujon AM, Dormont L. Odors and cancer: Current status and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188644. [PMID: 34737023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Because tumors detected at early stages are easier to treat, the search for biomarkers-especially non-invasive ones-that allow early detection of malignancies remains a central goal to reduce cancer mortality. Cancer, like other pathologies, often alters body odors, and much has been done by scientists over the last few decades to assess the value of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as signatures of cancers. We present here a quantitative review of 208 studies carried out between 1984 and 2020 that explore VOCs as potential biomarkers of cancers. We analyzed the main findings of these studies, listing and classifying VOCs related to different cancer types while considering both sampling methods and analysis techniques. Considering this synthesis, we discuss several of the challenges and the most promising prospects of this research direction in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Gouzerh
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Bessière
- Ecole Nationale de Chimie de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M Dujon
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia
| | - Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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Drabińska N, Flynn C, Ratcliffe N, Belluomo I, Myridakis A, Gould O, Fois M, Smart A, Devine T, Costello BDL. A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 33761469 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abf1d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2-putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors' intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cheryl Flynn
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Ratcliffe
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, QEQM Building, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, QEQM Building, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gould
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Fois
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Smart
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Devine
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ben De Lacy Costello
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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Monedeiro F, Monedeiro-Milanowski M, Ratiu IA, Brożek B, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Needle Trap Device-GC-MS for Characterization of Lung Diseases Based on Breath VOC Profiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061789. [PMID: 33810121 PMCID: PMC8004837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been assessed in breath samples as possible indicators of diseases. The present study aimed to quantify 29 VOCs (previously reported as potential biomarkers of lung diseases) in breath samples collected from controls and individuals with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Besides that, global VOC profiles were investigated. A needle trap device (NTD) was used as pre-concentration technique, associated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Univariate and multivariate approaches were applied to assess VOC distributions according to the studied diseases. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.003 to 6.21 ppbv and calculated relative standard deviations did not exceed 10%. At least 15 of the quantified targets presented themselves as discriminating features. A random forest (RF) method was performed in order to classify enrolled conditions according to VOCs' latent patterns, considering VOCs responses in global profiles. The developed model was based on 12 discriminating features and provided overall balanced accuracy of 85.7%. Ultimately, multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis was conducted using the concentration of the nine most discriminative targets (2-propanol, 3-methylpentane, (E)-ocimene, limonene, m-cymene, benzonitrile, undecane, terpineol, phenol) as input and provided an average overall accuracy of 95.5% for multiclass prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Monedeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek
- Department of Lung Diseases, Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, 4 Krasińskiego St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(56)-665-60-58
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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13
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Warncke G, Singer G, Windhaber J, Schabl L, Friehs E, Miekisch W, Gierschner P, Klymiuk I, Eber E, Zeder K, Pfleger A, Obermüller B, Till H, Castellani C. Volatile Organic Compounds, Bacterial Airway Microbiome, Spirometry and Exercise Performance of Patients after Surgical Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030645. [PMID: 33530644 PMCID: PMC7865878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile, airway microbiome, lung function and exercise performance in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients compared to healthy age and sex-matched controls. A total of nine patients (median age 9 years, range 6-13 years) treated for CDH were included. Exhaled VOCs were measured by GC-MS. Airway microbiome was determined from deep induced sputum by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patients underwent conventional spirometry and exhausting bicycle spiroergometry. The exhaled VOC profile showed significantly higher levels of cyclohexane and significantly lower levels of acetone and 2-methylbutane in CDH patients. Microbiome analysis revealed no significant differences for alpha-diversity, beta-diversity and LefSe analysis. CDH patients had significantly lower relative abundances of Pasteurellales and Pasteurellaceae. CDH patients exhibited a significantly reduced Tiffeneau Index. Spiroergometry showed no significant differences. This is the first study to report the VOCs profile and airway microbiome in patients with CDH. Elevations of cyclohexane observed in the CDH group have also been reported in cases of lung cancer and pneumonia. CDH patients had no signs of impaired physical performance capacity, fueling controversial reports in the literature.
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MESH Headings
- Acetone/analysis
- Adolescent
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Child
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Exercise
- Female
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/metabolism
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/physiopathology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/surgery
- Herniorrhaphy/methods
- Humans
- Male
- Microbiota
- Pentanes/analysis
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Spirometry
- Vital Capacity
- Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Warncke
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83722
| | - Jana Windhaber
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Lukas Schabl
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Friehs
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (W.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Gierschner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (W.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Core Facility Molecular Biology, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ernst Eber
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.E.); (K.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Katarina Zeder
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.E.); (K.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Pfleger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.E.); (K.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Beate Obermüller
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Christoph Castellani
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (E.F.); (B.O.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
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14
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Politi L, Monasta L, Rigressi MN, Princivalle A, Gonfiotti A, Camiciottoli G, Perbellini L. Discriminant Profiles of Volatile Compounds in the Alveolar Air of Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Cancer, Lung Adenocarcinoma or Colon Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030550. [PMID: 33494458 PMCID: PMC7866040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to analyze volatile compounds in alveolar air in patients with squamous cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma or colon cancer, to prepare algorithms able to discriminate such specific pathological conditions. The concentration of 95 volatile compounds was measured in the alveolar air of 45 control subjects, 36 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 25 patients with squamous cell lung cancer and 52 patients with colon cancer. Volatile compounds were measured with ion molecule reaction mass spectrometry (IMR-MS). An iterated least absolute shrinkage and selection operator multivariate logistic regression model was used to generate specific algorithms and discriminate control subjects from patients with different kinds of cancer. The final predictive models reached the following performance: by using 11 compounds, patients with lung adenocarcinoma were identified with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 84%; nine compounds allowed us to identify patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 84%; patients with colon adenocarcinoma could be identified with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 73% using a model comprising 13 volatile compounds. The different alveolar profiles of volatile compounds, obtained from patients with three different kinds of cancer, suggest dissimilar biological–biochemistry conditions; each kind of cancer has probably got a specific alveolar profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Politi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (M.N.R.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Novella Rigressi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (M.N.R.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Andrea Princivalle
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandro Gonfiotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (M.N.R.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianna Camiciottoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (M.N.R.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Luigi Perbellini
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.P.)
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15
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath as Fingerprints of Lung Cancer, Asthma and COPD. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010032. [PMID: 33374433 PMCID: PMC7796324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are inflammatory diseases that have risen worldwide, posing a major public health issue, encompassing not only physical and psychological morbidity and mortality, but also incurring significant societal costs. The leading cause of death worldwide by cancer is that of the lung, which, in large part, is a result of the disease often not being detected until a late stage. Although COPD and asthma are conditions with considerably lower mortality, they are extremely distressful to people and involve high healthcare overheads. Moreover, for these diseases, diagnostic methods are not only costly but are also invasive, thereby adding to people’s stress. It has been appreciated for many decades that the analysis of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath could potentially provide cheaper, rapid, and non-invasive screening procedures to diagnose and monitor the above diseases of the lung. However, after decades of research associated with breath biomarker discovery, no breath VOC tests are clinically available. Reasons for this include the little consensus as to which breath volatiles (or pattern of volatiles) can be used to discriminate people with lung diseases, and our limited understanding of the biological origin of the identified VOCs. Lung disease diagnosis using breath VOCs is challenging. Nevertheless, the numerous studies of breath volatiles and lung disease provide guidance as to what volatiles need further investigation for use in differential diagnosis, highlight the urgent need for non-invasive clinical breath tests, illustrate the way forward for future studies, and provide significant guidance to achieve the goal of developing non-invasive diagnostic tests for lung disease. This review provides an overview of these issues from evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the years 2010–2019, in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. The potential of this approach is highlighted, while strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are discussed. This review will be of interest to chemists, biologists, medical doctors and researchers involved in the development of analytical instruments for breath diagnosis.
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16
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Kuo TC, Tan CE, Wang SY, Lin OA, Su BH, Hsu MT, Lin J, Cheng YY, Chen CS, Yang YC, Chen KH, Lin SW, Ho CC, Kuo CH, Tseng YJ. Human Breathomics Database. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2020:5682403. [PMID: 31976536 PMCID: PMC6978997 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breathomics is a special branch of metabolomics that quantifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from collected exhaled breath samples. Understanding how breath molecules are related to diseases, mechanisms and pathways identified from experimental analytical measurements is challenging due to the lack of an organized resource describing breath molecules, related references and biomedical information embedded in the literature. To provide breath VOCs, related references and biomedical information, we aim to organize a database composed of manually curated information and automatically extracted biomedical information. First, VOCs-related disease information was manually organized from 207 literature linked to 99 VOCs and known Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Then an automated text mining algorithm was used to extract biomedical information from this literature. In the end, the manually curated information and auto-extracted biomedical information was combined to form a breath molecule database—the Human Breathomics Database (HBDB). We first manually curated and organized disease information including MeSH term from 207 literatures associated with 99 VOCs. Then, an automatic pipeline of text mining approach was used to collect 2766 literatures and extract biomedical information from breath researches. We combined curated information with automatically extracted biomedical information to assemble a breath molecule database, the HBDB. The HBDB is a database that includes references, VOCs and diseases associated with human breathomics. Most of these VOCs were detected in human breath samples or exhaled breath condensate samples. So far, the database contains a total of 913 VOCs in relation to human exhaled breath researches reported in 2766 publications. The HBDB is the most comprehensive HBDB of VOCs in human exhaled breath to date. It is a useful and organized resource for researchers and clinicians to identify and further investigate potential biomarkers from the breath of patients. Database URL: https://hbdb.cmdm.tw
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chueh Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Tan
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Wang
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Olivia A Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Su
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsung Hsu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ciao-Sin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital-Yunlin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Road, Douliu, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yufeng Jane Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Khatoon Z, Fouad H, Alothman OY, Hashem M, Ansari ZA, Ansari SA. Doped SnO 2 Nanomaterials for E-Nose Based Electrochemical Sensing of Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27645-27654. [PMID: 33134728 PMCID: PMC7594335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer detection includes detection of a pattern formed by multiple volatile organic compounds. An individual material has limited selectivity and hence requires tailoring to improve the selectivity and sensing properties. An electronic nose (e-nose) is a concept/device that can help in achieving selectivity and specificity for multiple volatile organic compounds at the same time by using an array of sensors. In this paper, Co and Ni doping in tin oxide was used to investigate as a sensor material for e-nose development. These were synthesized using a sol-gel method and were characterized for structural, morphological, and elemental assessment using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the formation of the composite nanomaterial of SnO2. These synthesized materials were then used as a working electrode in the form of a screen-printed electrode to determine 1-propanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) sensing characteristics. Electrochemical characterization was done by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the case of CV studies, well-defined and distinct redox peaks are observed at different potential values indicating the changes due to the dopants. Ni doping in SnO2 shows the highest sensitivity of 2.99 μA/ppb for isopropyl alcohol and 3.11 for 1-propanol, within the detection range. Furthermore, Co-SnO2 shows selectivity for IPA, while Ni-SnO2 is selective to 1-propanol against all other volatile compounds analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Khatoon
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied
Medical Science Dept., Community College, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, 11792, Egypt
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Dental
Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubaida A. Ansari
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shafeeque Ahmed Ansari
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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18
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Cainap C, Pop LA, Balacescu O, Cainap SS. Early diagnosis and screening in lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1993-2009. [PMID: 32774997 PMCID: PMC7407360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer, but the first cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This rather high death rate is due mainly to the fact that most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage cancer, for which the conventional treatment does not work. The most used screening method for lung cancer is a low-dose CT scan, but it is recommended for specific age populations and it also started different debates on its advantages for lung cancer diagnosis. Over the year, several new techniques have been developed that are less invasive, have lower side effect, and can be implemented at all types of populations. This article aimed to present the advantages and disadvantages of using several methods for lung cancer diagnosis, including analysis of volatile organic compounds, exhaled breath condensate analysis and specific genomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin Cainap
- Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of OncologyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura A Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu HatieganuCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of OncologyCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona S Cainap
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emergency County Hospital for Children, Pediatric Clinic no 2Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
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19
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Töreyin ZN, Ghosh M, Göksel Ö, Göksel T, Godderis L. Exhaled Breath Analysis in Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1110. [PMID: 32050546 PMCID: PMC7036862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is mainly related to previous asbestos exposure. There is still dearth of information on non-invasive biomarkers to detect MPM at early stages. Human studies on exhaled breath biomarkers of cancer and asbestos-related diseases show encouraging results. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview on the current knowledge about exhaled breath analysis in MPM diagnosis. A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Quality assessment was done by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Six studies were identified, all of which showed fair quality and explored volatile organic compounds (VOC) based breath profile using Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Multi-capillary Columns (IMS-MCC) or pattern-recognition technologies. Sample sizes varied between 39 and 330. Some compounds (i.e, cyclohexane, P3, P5, P50, P71, diethyl ether, limonene, nonanal, VOC IK 1287) that can be indicative of MPM development in asbestos exposed population were identified with high diagnostic accuracy rates. E-nose studies reported breathprints being able to distinguish MPM from asbestos exposed individuals with high sensitivity and a negative predictive value. Small sample sizes and methodological diversities among studies limit the translation of results into clinical practice. More prospective studies with standardized methodologies should be conducted on larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Nur Töreyin
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Özlem Göksel
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Laboratory of Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Tuncay Göksel
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Lode Godderis
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (L.G.)
- Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Mametov R, Ratiu IA, Monedeiro F, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Evolution and Evaluation of GC Columns. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:150-173. [PMID: 31820658 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1699013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic column is the fundamental element required for gas-chromatographic analysis. The separation of components coming from complex mixtures, prior to their detection was leading to a prominent revolution in different areas of science. Moreover, current advances in gas chromatographic (GC) columns technology and development have been providing almost unlimited possibilities for analysis employing diverse matrices. We aim through this review article to describe the evolution of chromatographic columns, by pointing the most important stages, as well as the new trends and future perspectives predicted for the new generation of GC columns. Furthermore, it was in our scope to present the main fundamentals regarding the theoretical relationships that describe the chromatographic separation, to introduce concepts related to columns selection in accordance with the required application as well as to discuss the available evaluation parameters for columns efficiency. Consequently, the early stages of first columns preparation up to the development of GC capillary columns used nowadays, together with examples of their applications are also reported and described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radik Mametov
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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22
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Novel method to detect the lung cancer biomarker volatiles using hydrogen vacant silicane nanosheets: A DFT investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Review of recent developments in determining volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 996:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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