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Huang Y, Flentke GR, Rivera OC, Saini N, Mooney SM, Smith SM. Alcohol Exposure Induces Nucleolar Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse Neural Stem Cells and Late-Term Fetal Brain. Cells 2024; 13:440. [PMID: 38474404 PMCID: PMC10931382 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability through its induction of neuronal growth dysfunction through incompletely understood mechanisms. Ribosome biogenesis regulates cell cycle progression through p53 and the nucleolar cell stress response. Whether those processes are targeted by alcohol is unknown. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received 3 g alcohol/kg daily at E8.5-E17.5. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the E17.5 fetal cortex. Additionally, primary neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the E14.5 cerebral cortex and exposed to alcohol to evaluate nucleolar stress and p53/MDM2 signaling. Alcohol suppressed KEGG pathways involving ribosome biogenesis (rRNA synthesis/processing and ribosomal proteins) and genes that are mechanistic in ribosomopathies (Polr1d, Rpl11; Rpl35; Nhp2); this was accompanied by nucleolar dissolution and p53 stabilization. In primary NSCs, alcohol reduced rRNA synthesis, caused nucleolar loss, suppressed proliferation, stabilized nuclear p53, and caused apoptosis that was prevented by dominant-negative p53 and MDM2 overexpression. Alcohol's actions were dose-dependent and rapid, and rRNA synthesis was suppressed between 30 and 60 min following alcohol exposure. The alcohol-mediated deficits in ribosomal protein expression were correlated with fetal brain weight reductions. This is the first report describing that pharmacologically relevant alcohol levels suppress ribosome biogenesis, induce nucleolar stress in neuronal populations, and involve the ribosomal/MDM2/p53 pathway to cause growth arrest and apoptosis. This represents a novel mechanism of alcohol-mediated neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - George R. Flentke
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Olivia C. Rivera
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Nipun Saini
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Sandra M. Mooney
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan M. Smith
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA (N.S.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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Fuentes-Beals C, Olivares-Costa M, Andrés ME, Haeger PA, Riadi G, Oliva C, Faunes F. Bioinformatic analysis predicts that ethanol exposure during early development causes alternative splicing alterations of genes involved in RNA post-transcriptional regulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284357. [PMID: 37053190 PMCID: PMC10101408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental defects and long-lasting cognitive deficits, which are grouped as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The molecular mechanisms underlying FASD are incompletely characterized. Alternative splicing, including the insertion of microexons (exons of less than 30 nucleotides in length), is highly prevalent in the nervous system. However, whether ethanol exposure can have acute or chronic deleterious effects in this process is poorly understood. In this work, we used the bioinformatic tools VAST-TOOLS, rMATS, MAJIQ, and MicroExonator to predict alternative splicing events affected by ethanol from available RNA sequencing data. Experimental protocols of ethanol exposure included human cortical tissue development, human embryoid body differentiation, and mouse development. We found common genes with predicted differential alternative splicing using distinct bioinformatic tools in different experimental designs. Notably, Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis revealed that the alternative splicing of genes related to RNA processing and protein synthesis was commonly affected in the different ethanol exposure schemes. In addition, the inclusion of microexons was also affected by ethanol. This bioinformatic analysis provides a reliable list of candidate genes whose splicing is affected by ethanol during nervous system development. Furthermore, our results suggest that ethanol particularly modifies the alternative splicing of genes related to post-transcriptional regulation, which probably affects neuronal proteome complexity and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Fuentes-Beals
- Ph.D. Program in Sciences Mention Modeling of Chemical and Biological Systems, School of Bioinformatics Engineering, Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation, and Modeling, CBSM, Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Montserrat Olivares-Costa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - María Estela Andrés
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola A Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling, CBSM, Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Carlos Oliva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Faunes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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3
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Fish EW, Tucker SK, Peterson RL, Eberhart JK, Parnell SE. Loss of tumor protein 53 protects against alcohol-induced facial malformations in mice and zebrafish. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1965-1979. [PMID: 34581462 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol exposure during the gastrulation stage of development causes the craniofacial and brain malformations that define fetal alcohol syndrome. These malformations, such as a deficient philtrum, are exemplified by a loss of midline tissue and correspond, at least in part, to regionally selective cell death in the embryo. The tumor suppressor protein Tp53 is an important mechanism for cell death, but the role of Tp53 in the consequences of alcohol exposure during the gastrulation stage has yet to be examined. The current studies used mice and zebrafish to test whether genetic loss of Tp53 is a conserved mechanism to protect against the effects of early developmental stage alcohol exposure. METHODS Female mice, heterozygous for a mutation in the Tp53 gene, were mated with Tp53 heterozygous males, and the resulting embryos were exposed during gastrulation on gestational day 7 (GD 7) to alcohol (two maternal injections of 2.9 g/kg, i.p., 4 h apart) or a vehicle control. Zebrafish mutants or heterozygotes for the tp53zdf1 M214K mutation and their wild-type controls were exposed to alcohol (1.5% or 2%) beginning 6 h postfertilization (hpf), the onset of gastrulation. RESULTS Examination of GD 17 mice revealed that eye defects were the most common phenotype among alcohol-exposed fetuses, occurring in nearly 75% of the alcohol-exposed wild-type fetuses. Tp53 gene deletion reduced the incidence of eye defects in both the heterozygous and mutant fetuses (to about 35% and 20% of fetuses, respectively) and completely protected against alcohol-induced facial malformations. Zebrafish (4 days postfertilization) also demonstrated alcohol-induced reductions of eye size and trabeculae length that were less common and less severe in tp53 mutants, indicating a protective effect of tp53 deletion. CONCLUSIONS These results identify an evolutionarily conserved role of Tp53 as a pathogenic mechanism for alcohol-induced teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Fish
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott K Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel L Peterson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Scott E Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Barron KA, Jeffries KA, Krupenko NI. Sphingolipids and the link between alcohol and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 322:109058. [PMID: 32171848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence underscores alcohol consumption as a strong risk factor for multiple cancer types, with liver cancer being most commonly associated with alcohol intake. While mechanisms linking alcohol consumption to malignant tumor development are not fully understood, the likely players in ethanol-induced carcinogenesis are genotoxic stress caused by formation of acetaldehyde, increased oxidative stress, and altered nutrient metabolism, including the impairment of methyl transfer reactions. Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are another potential link between ethanol and cancer development. In particular, ceramides are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis and are known to function as important regulators of malignant transformation as well as tumor progression. However, to date, the cross-talk between ceramides and alcohol in cancer disease is largely an open question and only limited data are available on this subject. Most studies linking ceramide to cancer considered liver steatosis as the underlying mechanism, which is not surprising taking into consideration that ceramide pathways are an integral part of the overall lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the latest studies pointing to ceramide as an important mediator of cancer-promoting effects of chronic alcohol consumption and underscores the necessity of understanding the role of sphingolipids and lipid signaling in response to alcohol in order to prevent and/or successfully manage diseases caused by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, USA.
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Sarmah S, Srivastava R, McClintick JN, Janga SC, Edenberg HJ, Marrs JA. Embryonic ethanol exposure alters expression of sox2 and other early transcripts in zebrafish, producing gastrulation defects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3951. [PMID: 32127575 PMCID: PMC7054311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during prenatal development causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), the most frequent preventable birth defect and neurodevelopmental disability syndrome. The molecular targets of ethanol toxicity during development are poorly understood. Developmental stages surrounding gastrulation are very sensitive to ethanol exposure. To understand the effects of ethanol on early transcripts during embryogenesis, we treated zebrafish embryos with ethanol during pre-gastrulation period and examined the transcripts by Affymetrix GeneChip microarray before gastrulation. We identified 521 significantly dysregulated genes, including 61 transcription factors in ethanol-exposed embryos. Sox2, the key regulator of pluripotency and early development was significantly reduced. Functional annotation analysis showed enrichment in transcription regulation, embryonic axes patterning, and signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch and retinoic acid. We identified all potential genomic targets of 25 dysregulated transcription factors and compared their interactions with the ethanol-dysregulated genes. This analysis predicted that Sox2 targeted a large number of ethanol-dysregulated genes. A gene regulatory network analysis showed that many of the dysregulated genes are targeted by multiple transcription factors. Injection of sox2 mRNA partially rescued ethanol-induced gene expression, epiboly and gastrulation defects. Additional studies of this ethanol dysregulated network may identify therapeutic targets that coordinately regulate early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnalee Sarmah
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sarath C Janga
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James A Marrs
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Madden JT, Thompson SM, Magcalas CM, Wagner JL, Hamilton DA, Savage DD, Clark BJ, Pentkowski NS. Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure reduces parvalbumin expressing GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus of adult male and female rat offspring. Neurosci Lett 2019; 718:134700. [PMID: 31874217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) negatively impacts hippocampal development and impairs hippocampal-sensitive learning and memory. However, hippocampal neural adaptations in response to moderate PAE are not completely understood. To explore the effects of moderate PAE on GABAergic interneuron expression, this study used a rat model of moderate PAE to examine the effects of PAE on parvalbumin (PARV)-positive cells in fields CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the dorsal hippocampus (dHC). Long-Evans dams were given daily access to 5 % (vol/vol) ethanol or saccharine (SAC) control solutions throughout the course of gestation. Offspring were divided into four separate groups: PAE (n = 7) or SAC (n = 7) males, or PAE (n = 8) or SAC (n = 8) females. All rats were aged to adulthood and, following testing in the Morris water task, their brains were analyzed for the expression of the GABAergic neuronal marker PARV. We report a main effect of PAE on GABAergic expression, with significant reductions in PARV-positive cells in area CA3 for males and the DG for females. There was also a trend for a reduction in PARV expressing neurons in fields CA1 and CA3 in females. The results are discussed in relation to hippocampal GABAergic interneuron function, PAE and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Madden
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Shannon M Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Christy M Magcalas
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jennifer L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Derek A Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Daniel D Savage
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Benjamin J Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nathan S Pentkowski
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Schröder A, Küchler EC, Omori M, Spanier G, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Effects of ethanol on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts subjected to static compressive force. Alcohol 2019; 77:59-70. [PMID: 30336201 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of toxic substances such as alcohol is widespread in the general population and thus also in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Since human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts play a key role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by expressing cytokines and chemokines, we wanted to clarify whether ethanol modulates the physiological activity and expression pattern of hPDL fibroblasts during static compressive force application. We pre-incubated hPDL fibroblasts for 24 h with different ethanol concentrations, corresponding to casual (0.041% blood alcohol concentration [BAC], % by volume) and excessive (0.179%) alcohol consumption. At each ethanol concentration, we incubated the cells for another 48 h with and without an additional physiological compressive force of 2 g/cm2 occurring during orthodontic tooth movement in compression areas of the periodontal ligament. Thereafter, we analyzed expression and secretion of genes and proteins involved in OTM regulation by RT-qPCR and ELISA. We also performed co-culture experiments to observe hPDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis. We observed no effects of ethanol on cytotoxicity or cell viability of hPDL fibroblasts in the applied concentrations. Ethanol showed an enhancing effect on angiogenesis and activity of alkaline phosphatase. Simultaneously, ethanol reduced the induction of IL-6 and increased prostaglandin E2 synthesis as well as hPDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis without affecting the RANK-L/OPG-system. hPDL fibroblasts thus seem to be a cell type quite resistant to ethanol, as no cytotoxic effects or influence on cell viability were detected. High ethanol concentrations, however, seem to promote bone formation and angiogenesis. Ethanol at 0.179% also enhanced hPDL-induced osteoclastogenesis, indicating increased bone resorption and thus tooth movement velocity to be expected during orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Marjorie Omori
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Miller MW. p53-Mediated Activities in NS-5 Neural Stem Cells: Effects of Ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:655-667. [PMID: 30748015 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and ethanol (EtOH) powerfully inhibit the proliferation, DNA repair, and survival of neural stem cells (NSCs). The present study tests the hypothesis that the EtOH-induced DNA damage response is mediated through p53 pathways and influenced by growth factor signals. METHODS Cultures of nonimmortalized NSCs, NS-5 cells, were transfected with p53 siRNA, exposed to either the mitogenic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 or antimitogenic TGFβ1, and to EtOH. Stage-specific cellular and genomic responses were examined. RESULTS p53 status, EtOH exposure, and growth factor significantly affected the expression of transcripts related to the DNA damage response (including those coding for excision repair proteins), mitotic promoters, and regulators of cell death via the tumor necrosis factor pathway. There were significant compensatory increases in p53 family members, p63 and p73, notably in regard to the regulation of cell cycle restriction and apoptosis. Treatment with p53 siRNA potentiated EtOH- and TGFβ1-induced changes in the numbers of proliferating NSCs and increased the proportion of NSCs expressing the apoptotic marker annexin V. CONCLUSIONS Thus, it appears that EtOH and TGFβ1 affect proliferation, DNA repair, and survival of NSCs via p53-mediated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, New York
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9
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Théberge ET, Baker JA, Dubose C, Boyle JK, Balce K, Goldowitz D, Hamre KM. Genetic Influences on the Amount of Cell Death in the Neural Tube of BXD Mice Exposed to Acute Ethanol at Midgestation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:439-452. [PMID: 30589433 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have a strong genetic component although the genes that underlie this are only beginning to be elucidated. In the present study, one of the most common phenotypes of FASD, cell death within the early developing neural tube, was examined across a genetic reference population in a reverse genetics paradigm with the goal of identifying genetic loci that could influence ethanol (EtOH)-induced apoptosis in the early developing neural tube. METHODS BXD recombinant inbred mice as well as the parental strains were used to evaluate genetic differences in EtOH-induced cell death after exposure on embryonic day 9.5. Dams were given either 5.8 g/kg EtOH or isocaloric maltose-dextrin in 2 doses via intragastric gavage. Embryos were collected 7 hours after the initial exposure and cell death evaluated via TUNEL staining in the brainstem and forebrain. Genetic loci were evaluated using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis at GeneNetwork.org. RESULTS Significant strain differences were observed in the levels of EtOH-induced cell death that were due to genetic effects and not confounding variables such as differences in developmental maturity or cell death kinetics. Comparisons between the 2 regions of the developing neural tube showed little genetic correlation with the QTL maps exhibiting no overlap. Significant QTLs were found on murine mid-chromosome 4 and mid-chromosome 14 only in the brainstem. Within these chromosomal loci, a number of interesting candidate genes were identified that could mediate this differential sensitivity including Nfia (nuclear factor I/A) and Otx2 (orthodenticle homeobox 2). CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that the levels of EtOH-induced cell death occur in strain- and region-dependent manners. Novel QTLs on mouse Chr4 and Chr14 were identified that modulate the differential sensitivity to EtOH-induced apoptosis in the embryonic brainstem. The genes underlying these QTLs could identify novel molecular pathways that are critical in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie T Théberge
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics , British Columbia Children's Research Institution, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica A Baker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Candis Dubose
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Julia K Boyle
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics , British Columbia Children's Research Institution, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina Balce
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics , British Columbia Children's Research Institution, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dan Goldowitz
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics , British Columbia Children's Research Institution, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristin M Hamre
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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10
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Bird CW, Taylor DH, Pinkowski NJ, Chavez GJ, Valenzuela CF. Long-term Reductions in the Population of GABAergic Interneurons in the Mouse Hippocampus following Developmental Ethanol Exposure. Neuroscience 2018; 383:60-73. [PMID: 29753864 PMCID: PMC5994377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol leads to a constellation of cognitive and behavioral abnormalities known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Many cell types throughout the central nervous system are negatively impacted by gestational alcohol exposure, including inhibitory, GABAergic interneurons. Little evidence exists, however, describing the long-term impact of fetal alcohol exposure on survival of interneurons within the hippocampal formation, which is critical for learning and memory processes that are impaired in individuals with FASDs. Mice expressing Venus yellow fluorescent protein in inhibitory interneurons were exposed to vaporized ethanol during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation (postnatal days 2-9), and the long-term effects on interneuron numbers were measured using unbiased stereology at P90. In adulthood, interneuron populations were reduced in every hippocampal region examined. Moreover, we found that a single exposure to ethanol at P7 caused robust activation of apoptotic neurodegeneration of interneurons in the hilus, granule cell layer, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These studies demonstrate that developmental ethanol exposure has a long-term impact on hippocampal interneuron survivability, and may provide a mechanism partially explaining deficits in hippocampal function and hippocampus-dependent behaviors in those afflicted with FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Bird
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Devin H Taylor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Natalie J Pinkowski
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - G Jill Chavez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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