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Huang Y, Yan B, Meng C, Zhang L, Wang C. Matrix metalloproteinases in chronic rhinosinusitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:547-558. [PMID: 38251631 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2302362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that are essential in maintaining extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, regulating inflammation and tissue remodeling. In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the overexpression of certain MMPs can contribute to chronic nasal tissue inflammation, ECM remodeling, and tissue repair. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics and functions of the MMP family, particularly focusing on the expression and activity of MMPs in patients with CRS, and delves into their role in the pathogenesis of CRS and their potential as therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION MMPs are important in tissue remodeling and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of CRS. Previous studies have shown that the expression of MMPs is upregulated in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS and positively correlates with the severity of CRS. However, there is still a large gap in the research content of MMP in CRS, and the specific expression and pathogenic mechanism of MMP still need to be clarified. The significance and value of the ratio of MMP to tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) in diseases still need to be demonstrated. Moreover, further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of biologics that target MMPs in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tsuda T, Suzuki M, Kato Y, Kidoguchi M, Kumai T, Fujieda S, Sakashita M. The current findings in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:51-60. [PMID: 37574421 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Traditional classification is denoted by the presence (CRSwNP) or absence of nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Particularly, CRSwNP is distinguished by the presence of infiltrating cells and inflammatory markers in the nasal mucosa. Patients with CRSwNP in Western countries predominantly display a type 2 endotype, whereas those in Asian regions display a mixed type 2 endotype. Nevertheless, recent transcriptome analyses have revealed two types of nasal polyps - type 2 and non-type 2 polyps, suggesting that geographical differences in endotypes likely resulted from the different proportions of each endotype. Moreover, various endotypes of CRSsNP have been identified, making phenotype a crucial factor for predicting treatment efficacy. Type 2 endotypes, designated as eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) in Japan, are characterized by severe eosinophilic infiltration into the paranasal sinus tissue and are particularly refractory. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in ECRS. We also provide recent findings on the involvement of nasal epithelial cells in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 14-jo nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Yoshida, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masanori Kidoguchi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Yoshida, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Yoshida, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Yoshida, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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Choi G, Lee EY, Chung D, Cho K, Yu WJ, Nam SJ, Park SK, Choi IW. The Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Staurosporine Isolated from Streptomyces sp. SNC087 Strain on Nasal Polyp. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:39. [PMID: 38248664 PMCID: PMC10820969 DOI: 10.3390/md22010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the potential inhibition effects of staurosporine isolated from a Streptomyces sp. SNC087 strain obtained from seawater on nasal polyps. Staurosporine possesses antimicrobial and antihypertensive activities. This research focuses on investigating the effects of staurosporine on suppressing the growth and development of nasal polyps and elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. The experimental design includes in vitro and ex vivo evaluations to assess the inhibition activity and therapeutic potential of staurosporine against nasal polyps. Nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were stimulated with TGF-β1 in the presence of staurosporine. The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type-I (Col-1), fibronectin, and phosphorylated (p)-Smad 2 were investigated using Western blotting. VEGF expression levels were analyzed in nasal polyp organ cultures treated with staurosporine. TGF-β1 stimulated the production of Col-1, fibronectin, and α-SMA and was attenuated by staurosporine pretreatment. Furthermore, these inhibitory effects were mediated by modulation of the signaling pathway of Smad 2 in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs. Staurosporine also inhibits the production of VEGF in ex vivo NP tissues. The findings from this study will contribute to a better understanding of staurosporine's role in nasal polyp management and provide insights into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Choi
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.L.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Kichul Cho
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (K.C.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.L.); (S.-J.N.)
| | - Seong-Kook Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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Palacios-García J, Porras-González C, Moreno-Luna R, Maza-Solano J, Polo-Padillo J, Muñoz-Bravo JL, Sánchez-Gómez S. Role of Fibroblasts in Chronic Inflammatory Signalling in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3280. [PMID: 37176721 PMCID: PMC10179235 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses characterized by the presence of nasal polyps. The symptoms produced by the presence of nasal polyps such as nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, headache, and loss of smell cause a worsening in the quality of life of patients. The source of the nasal polyps remains unclear, although it seems to be due to a chronic inflammation process in the sinonasal mucosa. Fibroblasts, the main cells in connective tissue, are intimately involved in the inflammation processes of various diseases; to this end, we carried out a systematic review to evaluate their inflammatory role in nasal polyps. Thus, we evaluated the main cytokines produced by nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDF) to assess their involvement in the production of nasal polyps and their involvement in different inflammatory pathways. The results of the review highlight the inflammatory role of NPDF through the secretion of various cytokines involved in the T1, T2, and T3 inflammatory pathways, as well as the ability of NPDF to be stimulated by a multitude of substances. With these findings, the fibroblast is positioned as a new potential therapeutic target in the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Palacios-García
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Doctor Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Porras-González
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Doctor Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ramón Moreno-Luna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Doctor Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Maza-Solano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Doctor Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Polo-Padillo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Doctor Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Muñoz-Bravo
- Clinical Analysis Service, General University Hospital of Elche, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Av. De Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Serafín Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Doctor Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Goulioumis AK, Kourelis K, Gkorpa M, Danielides V. Pathogenesis of Nasal Polyposis: Current Trends. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:733-741. [PMID: 37206761 PMCID: PMC10188681 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by edema of the sub-epithelial layers, but, only specific types of CRS are developing polyps. Nasal polyposis may develop under different pathogenetic mechanisms rendering the typical macroscopic classification of CRS, with or without nasal polyps, rather deficient. Currently, we approach nasal polyposis, in terms of diagnosis and treatment, according to its endotype, which means that we focus on the specific cells and cytokines that are participating in its pathogenesis. It appears that the molecular procedures that contribute to polyp formation, initiating with a Th-2 response of the adaptive immune system, are local phenomena occurring in the sub-epithelial layers of the mucosa. Several hypotheses are trying to approach the etiology that drives the immune response towards Th-2 type. Extrinsic factors, like fungi, Staphylococcus superantigens, biofilms, and altered microbiome can contribute to a modified and intense local reaction of the immune system. Some hypotheses based on intrinsic factors like the elimination of Treg lymphocytes, low local vitamin-D levels, high levels of leukotrienes, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by hypoxia, and altered levels of NO, add pieces to the puzzle of the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Currently, the most complete theory is that of epithelial immune barrier dysfunction. Intrinsic and extrinsic conditions can damage the epithelial barrier rendering sub-epithelial layers more vulnerable to invasion by pathogens that trigger a Th-2 response of the adaptive immune system. Th2 cytokines, subsequently, induce the accumulation of eosinophils and IgE together with the remodeling of the stroma in the sub-epithelial layers leading, eventually, to the formation of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios K. Goulioumis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Karamandanion” Pediatric Hospital of Patras, Erythrou Stavrou 40, 26331 Patras, Greece
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine of the University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kourelis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Karamandanion” Pediatric Hospital of Patras, Erythrou Stavrou 40, 26331 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Vasilios Danielides
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Role of Nasal Fibroblasts in Airway Remodeling of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: The Modulating Functions Reexamined. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044017. [PMID: 36835423 PMCID: PMC9965487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the nose and sinuses that affects more than 10% of the adult population worldwide. Currently, CRS is classified into endotypes according to the inflammatory response (Th1, Th2, and Th17) or the distribution of immune cells in the mucosa (eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic). CRS induces mucosal tissue remodeling. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, fibrin deposition, edema, immune cell infiltration, and angiogenesis are observed in the stromal region. Conversely, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), goblet cell hyperplasia, and increased epithelial permeability, hyperplasia, and metaplasia are found in the epithelium. Fibroblasts synthesize collagen and ECM, which create a structural skeleton of tissue and play an important role in the wound-healing process. This review discusses recent knowledge regarding the modulation of tissue remodeling by nasal fibroblasts in CRS.
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Chen J, Liu D, Yang J, Jin C, Zhao C, Cheng J. Epidermal growth factor activates a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-microRNA-21 axis to inhibit aquaporin 4 in chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:299-314. [PMID: 36303271 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence supports the role of the airway epithelium in its pathophysiology. In our study here, we evaluated whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-microRNA-21 (miR-21)-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) axis in nasal epithelial cells from CRS patients. We found that, compared with normal sinus mucosa, EGF, HIF-1α, and miR-21 were upregulated and AQP4 was downregulated in sinus mucosa from patients with CRS and in a CRS mouse model. It was established that EGF upregulated HIF-1α and miR-21 expression, that HIF-1α regulated miR-21 transcription, and that the AQP4 gene was a target of miR-21. Knockdown of EGF and HIF-1α mRNAs and of miR-21, or overexpression of AQP4 mRNA, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of hypoxia-exposed human nasal epithelial cells, effects that were associated with reduced levels of α-SMA, fibronectin, and vimentin, as well as promoted caspase-3 activity and E-cadherin levels. In the mouse CRS model, EGF elevation increased in vivo production of inflammatory IL-4 and IFN-γ to promote CRS, which was reversed by AQP4 elevation. Collectively, EGF upregulates HIF-1α and miR-21 expression to inhibit AQP4 expression, thereby promoting the proliferation of nasal epithelial cells and the development of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jingpu Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chengxun Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhang Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Zhong B, Seah JJ, Liu F, Ba L, Du J, Wang DY. The role of hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2022; 77:3217-3232. [PMID: 35603933 DOI: 10.1111/all.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity characterized by excessive nasal mucus secretion and nasal congestion. The development of CRS is related to pathological mechanisms induced by hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, the stable expression of both Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α and HIF-2α are involved in the immune response and inflammatory pathways of CRS. The imbalance in the composition of nasal microbiota may affect the hypoxic state of CRS and perpetuate existing inflammation. Hypoxia affects the differentiation of nasal epithelial cells such as ciliated cells and goblet cells, induces fibroblast proliferation, and leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tissue remodeling. Hypoxia also affects the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells in sinonasal mucosa, and thus influences the inflammatory state of CRS by regulating T cells and B cells. Given the multifactorial nature in which HIF is linked to CRS, this study aims to elucidate the effect of hypoxia on the pathogenic mechanisms of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Seah
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Jintao Du
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Czerwaty K, Piszczatowska K, Brzost J, Ludwig N, Szczepański MJ, Dżaman K. Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102361. [PMID: 36292050 PMCID: PMC9600442 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Brzost
- The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mirosław J. Szczepański
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Kabata H, Motomura Y, Kiniwa T, Kobayashi T, Moro K. ILCs and Allergy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:75-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sehanobish E, Asad M, Barbi M, Porcelli SA, Jerschow E. Aspirin Actions in Treatment of NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695815. [PMID: 34305932 PMCID: PMC8297972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is characterized by nasal polyposis, chronic rhinosinusitis, adult-onset asthma and hypersensitive reactions to cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Among the available treatments for this disease, a combination of endoscopic sinus surgery followed by aspirin desensitization and aspirin maintenance therapy has been an effective approach. Studies have shown that long-term aspirin maintenance therapy can reduce the rate of nasal polyp recurrence in patients with N-ERD. However, the exact mechanism by which aspirin can both trigger and suppress airway disease in N-ERD remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of aspirin effects in N-ERD, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and consider potential mechanistic pathways accounting for the effects of aspirin in N-ERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sehanobish
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mali Barbi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Elina Jerschow
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Alishahedani ME, Yadav M, McCann KJ, Gough P, Castillo CR, Matriz J, Myles IA. Therapeutic candidates for keloid scars identified by qualitative review of scratch assay research for wound healing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253669. [PMID: 34143844 PMCID: PMC8213172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scratch assay is an in vitro technique used to analyze cell migration, proliferation, and cell-to-cell interaction. In the assay, cells are grown to confluence and then ‘scratched’ with a sterile instrument. For the cells in the leading edge, the resulting polarity induces migration and proliferation in attempt to ‘heal’ the modeled wound. Keloid scars are known to have an accelerated wound closure phenotype in the scratch assay, representing an overactivation of wound healing. We performed a qualitative review of the recent literature searching for inhibitors of scratch assay activity that were already available in topical formulations under the hypothesis that such compounds may offer therapeutic potential in keloid treatment. Although several shortcomings in the scratch assay literature were identified, caffeine and allicin successfully inhibited the scratch assay closure and inflammatory abnormalities in the commercially available keloid fibroblast cell line. Caffeine and allicin also impacted ATP production in keloid cells, most notably with inhibition of non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The traditional Chinese medicine, shikonin, was also successful in inhibiting scratch closure but displayed less dramatic impacts on metabolism. Together, our results partially summarize the strengths and limitations of current scratch assay literature and suggest clinical assessment of the therapeutic potential for these identified compounds against keloid scars may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali E. Alishahedani
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manoj Yadav
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katelyn J. McCann
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Portia Gough
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carlos R. Castillo
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jobel Matriz
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Lygeros S, Danielides G, Grafanaki K, Riga M. Matrix metalloproteinases and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Unravelling a puzzle through a systematic review. Rhinology 2021; 59:245-257. [PMID: 33730750 DOI: 10.4193/rhin20.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) was reviewed in order to investigate their possible use as therapeutical targets and/or biomarkers. METHODOLOGY The differences between CRSwNP and normal controls or CRS without NP, as well as the effects of various treatments on MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and MMP/TIMP ratios were considered as primary outcomes. Additional factors reported to affect MMP expression levels were noted as secondary outcomes. Data regarding inflammatory subtypes, patients’ clinical characteristics, controls, laboratory method(s) and origin of samples were also pooled. Studies on 10 or fewer patients or on specimens other than nasal and serum were excluded. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included. Tissue sample origin, allergic rhinitis, smoking, infection, medication intake and primary or recurrent disease should be considered as confounding factors for MMP levels. MMP-1 and -7 were consistently found to be significantly higher in CRSwNP patients than controls. CRSwNP endotypes with distinctly different inflammation patterns seem to present similar MMP-related remodelling patterns. CONCLUSIONS The existing literature has revealed several population and methodology related confounding factors and remains inconclusive regarding the roles of MMPs in CRSwNP pathophysiology and their possible clinical usefulness as biomarkers and therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lygeros
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Patras, Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - G Danielides
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Patras, Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - K Grafanaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Dermatology School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
| | - M Riga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Planté-Bordeneuve T, Pilette C, Froidure A. The Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631235. [PMID: 34093523 PMCID: PMC8170303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the lung epithelium and the immune system involve a tight regulation to prevent inappropriate reactions and have been connected to several pulmonary diseases. Although the distal lung epithelium and local immunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis and disease course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), consequences of their abnormal interplay remain less well known. Recent data suggests a two-way process, as illustrated by the influence of epithelial-derived periplakin on the immune landscape or the effect of macrophage-derived IL-17B on epithelial cells. Additionally, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by damaged or dying (epithelial) cells, are augmented in IPF. Next to “sterile inflammation”, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are increased in IPF and have been linked with lung fibrosis, while outer membrane vesicles from bacteria are able to influence epithelial-macrophage crosstalk. Finally, the advent of high-throughput technologies such as microbiome-sequencing has allowed for the identification of a disease-specific microbial environment. In this review, we propose to discuss how the interplays between the altered distal airway and alveolar epithelium, the lung microbiome and immune cells may shape a pro-fibrotic environment. More specifically, it will highlight DAMPs-PAMPs pathways and the specificities of the IPF lung microbiome while discussing recent elements suggesting abnormal mucosal immunity in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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15
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Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, Bleier B, DeConde A, Luong AU, Poetker DM, Soler Z, Welch KC, Wise SK, Adappa N, Alt JA, Anselmo-Lima WT, Bachert C, Baroody FM, Batra PS, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Beswick D, Bhattacharyya N, Chandra RK, Chang EH, Chiu A, Chowdhury N, Citardi MJ, Cohen NA, Conley DB, DelGaudio J, Desrosiers M, Douglas R, Eloy JA, Fokkens WJ, Gray ST, Gudis DA, Hamilos DL, Han JK, Harvey R, Hellings P, Holbrook EH, Hopkins C, Hwang P, Javer AR, Jiang RS, Kennedy D, Kern R, Laidlaw T, Lal D, Lane A, Lee HM, Lee JT, Levy JM, Lin SY, Lund V, McMains KC, Metson R, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Oakley G, Otori N, Palmer JN, Parikh SR, Passali D, Patel Z, Peters A, Philpott C, Psaltis AJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Ramanathan M, Roh HJ, Rudmik L, Sacks R, Schlosser RJ, Sedaghat AR, Senior BA, Sindwani R, Smith K, Snidvongs K, Stewart M, Suh JD, Tan BK, Turner JH, van Drunen CM, Voegels R, Wang DY, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Wright ED, Yan C, Zhang L, Zhou B. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:213-739. [PMID: 33236525 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence-based findings of the document. METHODS ICAR-RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence-based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence-based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. RESULTS ICAR-RS-2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence-based management algorithm is provided. CONCLUSION This ICAR-RS-2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence-based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amber U Luong
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Zachary Soler
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Claus Bachert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sun Yatsen University, Gangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Gudis
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Richard Harvey
- University of New South Wales and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Amin R Javer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valerie Lund
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | - Kevin C McMains
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- IDIBAPS Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alkis J Psaltis
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Luke Rudmik
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Sacks
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Carol Yan
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Level of sex hormones and their association with acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and nasal polyposis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243732. [PMID: 33332460 PMCID: PMC7746182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis may be associated with nasal polyposis. Recurrence of disease is often observed and may be due to an intolerance of acetylsalicylic acid. Sex hormones are known to modulate allergic reactions and inflammation. Whether they may be involved in the development and progression of nasal polyposis has not been investigated yet. AIM Examine the relationship between levels of sex hormones and nasal polyposis. METHODS Hormonal levels (estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) in patients with nasal polyposis (n = 26) with or without acetylsalicylic acid-intolerance were determined and compared to hormonal levels in patients with septal deviation (n = 35). Cone-beam computed tomography scans were analysed by using scores as defined by Lund and Mackay and by Kennedy. RESULTS Our results show a 5 times greater odds (p = 0.01) for developing nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels than in the presence of normal / elevated levels. When analyzing females and males separately, a 6 times greater odds for females to develop nasal polyposis in the presence of lowered estradiol plasma levels was calculated (p = 0.02). Thus, females are more likely to develop nasal polyposis when they have lowered estradiol levels than males. In addition, female patients showed an increased risk for developing ASA intolerance (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Variation of sex hormones may be involved in nasal polyposis. Further studies including more patients to validate the presented results are required. SIGNIFICANCE Retrospective clinical investigation suggesting a correlation between varying sex hormones and nasal polyposis.
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17
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Formation of nasal polyps: The roles of innate type 2 inflammation and deposition of fibrin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:740-750. [PMID: 32145873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease, and geographical or ethnic differences in inflammatory pattern in nasal mucosa are major issues. Tissue eosinophilia in CRS is highly associated with extensive sinus disease, recalcitrance, and a higher nasal polyp (NP) recurrence rate after surgery. The prevalence of eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) is increasing in Asian countries within the last 2 decades, and this trend appears to be occurring across the world. International consensus criteria for ECRS are required for the accurate understanding of disease pathology and precision medicine. In a multicenter large-scale epidemiological survey, the "Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis study," ECRS was definitively defined when the eosinophil count in nasal mucosa is greater than or equal to 70 eosinophils/hpf (magnification, ×400), and this study proposed an algorithm that classifies CRS into 4 groups according to disease severity. The main therapeutic goal with ECRS is to eliminate or diminish the bulk of NP tissue. NPs are unique abnormal lesions that grow from the lining of the nasal and paranasal sinuses, and type 2 inflammation plays a critical role in NP development in patients with ECRS. An imbalance between protease and endogenous protease inhibitors might play a pivotal role in the initiation and exacerbation of type 2 inflammation in ECRS. Intraepithelial mast cells in NPs, showing a tryptase+, chymase- phenotype, may also enhance type 2 inflammation. Intense edema and reduced fibrosis are important histological features of eosinophilic NPs. Mucosal edema mainly consists of exuded plasma protein, and excessive fibrin deposition would be expected to contribute to the retention of proteins from capillaries and thereby perpetuate mucosal edema that may play an etiological role in NPs. Upregulation of the coagulation cascade and downregulation of fibrinolysis strongly induce abnormal fibrin deposition in nasal mucosa, and type 2 inflammation plays a central role in the imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis.
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18
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Kang B, Park JH, Lee HM. Histamine Induced Production of Chemokine CXCL8 Through H1R/PLC and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Nasal Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.18787/jr.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Histamine has been suggested to play an important role during allergic and inflammatory reactions, affecting allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. CXCL8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine and a critical factor that causes many airway inflammatory diseases including allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.Materials and Method: Histamine cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify histamine type 1 receptor in nasal fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were then treated with histamine with or without a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist and the CXCL8 protein was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The downstream signaling molecules, including phospholipase C and phospho-p50, were evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescent staining.Results: Histamine had no significant cytotoxic effect until the concentration reached 1,000 μM. Histamine type 1 receptor mRNA was expressed in nasal fibroblasts. CXCL8 protein expression level was significantly increased following histamine stimulation. However, the expression level of CXCL8 decreased when phospholipase C was inhibited by U73122. Histamine increased phospho-p50 expression as seen in western blot results. The BAY11-7082, NF-κB inhibitor significantly reduced CXCL8 production in histamine-stimulated nasal fibroblasts.Conclusion: Histamine can induce the production of NF-κB controlled-chemokine CXCL8 by nasal fibroblasts, which supports a role for histamine in upper airway inflammatory diseases.
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19
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Wynne M, Atkinson C, Schlosser RJ, Mulligan JK. Contribution of Epithelial Cell Dysfunction to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:782-790. [PMID: 31382760 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419868588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background In the past, the airway epithelium was thought to be primarily an inert physical barrier. We now know that the upper airway epithelium plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and that epithelial dysfunction is strongly associated with inflammatory airway disease. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis is poorly understood, but growing evidence supports a key role for the airway epithelium in the pathophysiology of the disease. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore our current understanding of how dysfunction in human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to examine how current and developing therapies affect epithelial cell functions. Methods A literature review of papers published in English pertaining to epithelial cell dysfunction in patients with CRSwNP was performed using the PubMed database. The search utilized combinations of the following key words: sinusitis, polyps, epithelium, pathophysiology, barrier function, dendritic cells, eosinophils, T cells, complement, mucociliary clearance, vitamin D, cytokines, chemokines, taste receptors, steroids, saline, and therapy. Results HSNEC mucociliary clearance, barrier function, secretion of cytokines, influence on dendritic cells, influence on T-cells, regulation of eosinophils, vitamin D metabolism, complement production, and taste receptor function are altered in patients with CRSwNP and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Current therapies utilized to manage CRSwNP counteract the effects of HSNEC dysfunction and relieve key symptoms of the disease. Conclusion HSNECs are key players in both innate and adaptive immunity, and altered epithelial functions are closely intertwined with the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Our review supports further investigation of altered HSNEC function in patients with CRSwNP and supports development of novel epithelial-targeted therapies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wynne
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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20
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Kato Y, Takabayashi T, Sakashita M, Imoto Y, Tokunaga T, Ninomiya T, Morikawa T, Yoshida K, Noguchi E, Fujieda S. Expression and Functional Analysis of CST1 in Intractable Nasal Polyps. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:448-457. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0325oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Kato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Yoshimasa Imoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Takahiro Tokunaga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Takahiro Ninomiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Taiyo Morikawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan; and
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21
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Jung H, Lee DS, Park SK, Choi JS, Jung WK, Park WS, Choi IW. Fucoxanthin Inhibits Myofibroblast Differentiation and Extracellular Matrix Production in Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblasts via Modulation of Smad-Dependent and Smad-Independent Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E323. [PMID: 30201895 PMCID: PMC6165344 DOI: 10.3390/md16090323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal polyps (NPs) are a multifactorial disorder associated with a chronic inflammatory state of the nasal mucosa. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a characteristic orange carotenoid obtained from brown algae and has diverse immunological properties. The present study investigated whether Fx inhibits fibrosis-related effects in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and elucidated the molecular signaling pathways involved. The production of collagen type I (Col-1) was investigated in NP tissue via immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. NPDFs were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (1 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of Fx (5⁻30 µM). The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Col-1, and phosphorylated (p)-Smad 2/3, signal protein-1 (SP-1), MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), and Akt were measured by western blot analysis. The expression of Col-1 was detected in NP tissues. TGF-β1 stimulated the production of α-SMA and Col-1, and stimulated the contraction of collagen gel. However, pretreatment with Fx attenuated these effects. Furthermore, these inhibitory effects were mediated through modulation of both Smad 2/3 and Akt/SP-1 signaling pathways in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs. The results from the present study suggest that Fx may be a novel anti-fibrotic agent for the treatment of NP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea.
| | - Seong Kook Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jung Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
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22
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Effect of phlorotannins on myofibroblast differentiation and ECM protein expression in transforming growth factor β1‑induced nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2213-2220. [PMID: 30015862 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins (PTNs), a group of phenolic compounds from seaweeds, have diverse bioactivities. However, there has been no report on their antifibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation. In the present study, the effect of PTNs on transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1‑induced profibrotic responses in nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were determined and the relevant signaling pathways were investigated. The expression levels of collagen type‑1 (Col‑1) and fibronectin in NP tissues were measured by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The NPDFs were treated with TGF‑β1 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of PTNs (5‑30 µg/ml). The expression levels of α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), Col‑1, fibronectin, and phosphorylated‑small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)2/3 in NPDFs were measured by western blot analysis. The contractile activity of the NPDFs was determined by a collagen gel contraction assay. Col‑1 and fibronectin proteins were found to be expressed in NP tissues. PTNs had no significant cytotoxic effect on TGF‑β1‑induced NPDFs. TGF‑β1 induced the expression α‑SMA, Col‑1 and fibronectin, and stimulated fibroblast‑mediated contraction of collagen gel. However, pre‑treatment with PTNs inhibited the expression of these proteins. The inhibitory effects were mediated through the suppression of Smad2/3 signaling pathways in TGF‑β1‑induced NPDFs. These resulted suggested that PTNs may be important in inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix protein accumulation in NP formation through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
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23
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Park SK, Jin SY, Yeon SH, Lee SB, Xu J, Yoon YH, Rha KS, Kim YM. Role of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling on activation of nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts and its association with nasal polypogenesis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:1001-1012. [PMID: 29901280 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis is characterized by persistent inflammation and remodeling in sinonasal mucosa. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a DNA receptor of the innate immune system that plays a pivotal role in fibrosis and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study is to explore the expression, activity, and potential pathogenic role of TLR9 signaling in tissue remodeling in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). METHODS Fibrotic and inflammatory responses elicited by type A CpG oligonucleotides were examined in the NPDFs by a combination of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining. For these experiments, the NPDFs were stimulated with different TLR9 agonists (CpG A and B) and blocked with inhibitors (MyD88 inhibitor and chloroquine). RESULTS TLR9 expression was significantly higher in nasal polyposis (NP) tissues compared to control or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mucosa. In the NPDFs, TLR9 showed intracellular localization and expression of TLR9 was increased after treatment with CpG A. CpG A increased production of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9) in the NPDFs, while MyD88 inhibitor and chloroquine, which are known to block the TLR9 signaling pathway, inhibited their production. CpG A also produced type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β), which were inhibited by MyD88 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that CpG A-induced fibroblast activation and cytokine production were mediated via TLR9 stimulation in NPDFs. Disrupting this process with an inhibitor targeting TLR9 or its downstream signaling pathways could represent a novel approach to CRS with NP (CRSwNP) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyoung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soung Yong Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Bok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Young Hoon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Sang Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Yu H, Ju J, Liu J, Li D. Aberrant expression of miR-663 and transforming growth factor-β1 in nasal polyposis in children. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4550-4556. [PMID: 29849780 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of microRNA (miR)-663 and its regulatory effects on the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis in children. Nasal polyp tissue, as well as serum and peripheral blood eosinophils were collected from 35 children diagnosed with nasal polypectomy between August 2013 and August 2015. As a control, the inferior nasal concha, serum and peripheral blood eosinophils were collected from 46 patients with nasal septal deviation complicated by inferior turbinate hypertrophy or patients with simple inferior turbinate hypertrophy who had undergone surgical removal of the inferior nasal concha. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-663 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the nasal polyp tissue, serum and peripheral blood eosinophils of patients with nasal polyposis and controls. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of TGF-β1 protein in nasal tissue and eosinophils and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum level of TGF-β1 protein. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether TGF-β1 was a target gene of miR-663. Compared with the control group, levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in all three types of specimens from pediatric patients with nasal polyposis (P<0.05). miR-663 expression was significantly decreased in nasal polyp tissue and peripheral blood eosinophils (P<0.05). The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that TGF-β1 was a target gene of miR-663. The current study suggests that the upregulation of TGF-β1 may be associated with the downregulation of miR-663 in nasal polyposis in children. miR-663 may have regulatory effects on the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis by regulating TGF-β1 and may be developed as a genetic marker of nasal polyposis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Ju
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Jingdong Liu
- Department of Medicine, The Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
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