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Covell MM, Naik A, Shaffer A, Cramer SW, Alan N, Shabani HK, Rabiel H, Rosseau G, Arnold PM. Social Determinants of Health Impact Spinal Cord Injury Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Epidemiological Study. Neurosurgery 2023:00006123-990000000-00960. [PMID: 37962339 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI), which disproportionally occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pose a significant global health challenge. Despite the prevalence and severity of SCI in these settings, access to appropriate surgical care and barriers to treatment remain poorly understood on a global scale, with data from LMICs being particularly scarce and underreported. This study sought to examine the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on the pooled in-hospital and follow-up mortality, and neurological outcomes, after SCI in LMICs. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-guidelines. Multivariable analysis was performed by multivariable linear regression, investigating the impact of the parameters of interest (patient demographics, country SDoH characteristics) on major patient outcomes (in-hospital/follow-up mortality, neurological dysfunction). RESULTS Forty-five (N = 45) studies were included for analysis, representing 13 individual countries and 18 134 total patients. The aggregate pooled in-hospital mortality rate was 6.46% and 17.29% at follow-up. The in-hospital severe neurological dysfunction rate was 97.64% and 57.36% at follow-up. Patients with rural injury had a nearly 4 times greater rate of severe in-hospital neurological deficits than patients in urban areas. The Gini index, reflective of income inequality, was associated with a 23.8% increase in in-hospital mortality, a 20.1% decrease in neurological dysfunction at follow-up, and a 12.9% increase in mortality at follow-up. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the prevalence of injury and impact of SDoH on major patient outcomes after SCI in LMICs. Future initiatives may use these findings to design global solutions for more equitable care of patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Covell
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Anant Naik
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Annabelle Shaffer
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nima Alan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hamisi K Shabani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Happiness Rabiel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gail Rosseau
- Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul M Arnold
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Damen MAW, Detaille SI, Robroek SJW, Engels JA, de Lange AH. Factors associated with blue-collar workers' participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs: a scoping literature review. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad052. [PMID: 37379570 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of employers implement worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs). In particular, blue-collar workers may benefit from these WHPPs. However, they are less likely than other workers to participate and little is known about which factors affect their participation. The aim of this scoping literature review is to produce an overview of studies on factors associated with blue-collar workers' participation in WHPPs. Five databases were searched: BSU, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and CINAHL. The review included peer-reviewed empirical studies on determinants associated with blue-collar workers' participation in WHPPs. Factors were extracted and categorized. Similar determinants were clustered and the direction of the associations was further examined. Nineteen papers describing 11 qualitative and 4 quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria. Seventy-seven determinants were analyzed (in quantitative studies) or reported (in qualitative studies). In most studies, only participant characteristics were investigated. Participation may be enhanced by addressing needs, tailoring from a broad range of activities, offering group activities, requiring little effort and commitment at the start, using incentives, leading by example and combining WHPPs with occupational safety interventions. WHPPs seem to be able to reach blue-collar workers, but it remains particularly challenging to reach shift workers and those who do not yet experience health complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A W Damen
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah I Detaille
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine A Engels
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet H de Lange
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hotel School of Management, University of Stavanger, PO Box 8600, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Coruña, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
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Abdelrahim RA, Otitolaiye VO, Omer F, Abdelbasit Z. A Scoping Review of the Occupational Health and Safety Governance in Sudan: The Story So Far. Saf Health Work 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Hsiao V, Stoltzfus N, Withers M. An assessment of workplace wellness policies and programs of universities in the Asia-Pacific. Work 2023:WOR205068. [PMID: 36683518 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universities could positively impact the health and well-being of employees through workplace wellness programs (WWP). OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of WWP among Asia-Pacific universities, identify gaps and challenges, and solutions to challenges. METHODS An online survey was sent to members of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities to assess programs on physical fitness, nutrition/weight, mental health/stress, family support, chronic disease prevention, and safety. RESULTS Employees at 28 universities in 13 economies completed the survey on behalf of their university. Most common WWP were paid maternity/paternity leave (89.3% /85.7%), disaster preparedness training (85.7%), fitness challenges (78.6%), written policies regarding discrimination/hate speech (75.0%), and quiet rest areas (71.4%). However, few addressed childcare, breastfeeding support, workplace sexual harassment, tobacco use, or mental health. Programs rarely aligned with the reported goal of increasing employee morale, but instead resulted from government mandates. Many universities offered sporadic, one-off programs but lacked comprehensive, coordinated programming and adequate evaluation procedures. Key challenges were low employee participation, limited budget, and lack of leadership support. This study highlights the need for improved program administration, information dissemination, data collection to evaluate impact, and leadership support. CONCLUSION WWP could benefit universities and employees but should be implemented and evaluated as part of a comprehensive campus wellness culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hsiao
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Stoltzfus
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nwaogu JM, Chan APC, Naslund JA, Hon CKH, Belonwu C, Yang J. Exploring the Barriers to and Motivators for Using Digital Mental Health Interventions Among Construction Personnel in Nigeria: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e18969. [PMID: 34751652 PMCID: PMC8663629 DOI: 10.2196/18969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work-related stress in the construction industry increases the prevalence of depression and anxiety among personnel. In low-resource settings such as Nigeria, construction personnel face high demands and severe working conditions but only have a few services to address their mental health needs. With emerging research showing that digital interventions can be used to self-manage mental health across diverse settings, there may be new opportunities to support construction personnel in the construction industry. Objective This study aims to determine the use of digital interventions for mental health management among construction personnel in Nigeria and to explore the factors that facilitate or impede the use of these interventions. Methods This qualitative study explored the perspectives of a convenience sample of 62 construction personnel. The data were subjected to inductive content analysis. Results A total of 6 barrier and 3 motivator themes were identified and categorized into 2 groups. The barrier themes were subcategorized into barriers to adoption and barriers to persistent use, whereas the motivator themes were subcategorized into intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. Lack of awareness and knowledge about the interventions may constitute a barrier to adoption and use. Participants frequently reported concerns regarding their effectiveness and usability. Conclusions This study provides an understanding of the design needs required to facilitate sustained self-management of mental health based on the experiences and expectations of construction personnel with digital interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Mayowa Nwaogu
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Albert P C Chan
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - John A Naslund
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carol K H Hon
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jackie Yang
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Yerdessov N, Izdenov A, Beisenov T, Suleimenova R, Serik B, Sraubaev E. Industrial traumatism and occupational morbidity in mining industry of Kazakhstan. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34558882 PMCID: PMC8874858 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents data in the dynamics on industrial injuries and occupational morbidity in the mining industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of this study is to analyze occupational injuries and occupational diseases between 2008 and 2018. An analysis of the number of victims of accidents, including those who died from accidents at work during the period, shows indicators of occupational injuries in the gender aspect, the outcome of accidents by degrees of severity and the material consequences of accidents. During the analyzed period, the overall level of occupational injuries and occupational morbidity in the country remains high. The material consequences of accidents, in addition to social damage, bring great material losses to the state. Significance for public health This article indicates that the criteria for safety and harmless working conditions are the preservation of life, health, functional abilities of the body, life expectancy, health of future generations. As a result of occupational diseases and work-related accidents, injuries, according to the ILO and WHO, 2 million people die a year. 160 million new cases of occupational diseases are registered annually. Almost half of the world's population is the world's workforce, which supports the material and economic basis of society, therefore, maintaining the health of workers is not only a prerequisite for high labor productivity, but also a guarantee of sustainable socio-economic development of the countries of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asset Izdenov
- International Medical Faculty, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe.
| | - Timur Beisenov
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, NJSC Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda.
| | - Roza Suleimenova
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan.
| | - Bakhtiyar Serik
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan.
| | - Ermek Sraubaev
- Research School, NJSC Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda.
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Xie W, Ji M, Liu Y, Hao T, Chow CY. Predicting Writing Styles of Web-Based Materials for Children's Health Education Using the Selection of Semantic Features: Machine Learning Approach. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e30115. [PMID: 34292167 PMCID: PMC8367110 DOI: 10.2196/30115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical writing styles can have an impact on the understandability of health educational resources. Amid current web-based health information research, there is a dearth of research-based evidence that demonstrates what constitutes the best practice of the development of web-based health resources on children's health promotion and education. OBJECTIVE Using authoritative and highly influential web-based children's health educational resources from the Nemours Foundation, the largest not-for-profit organization promoting children's health and well-being, we aimed to develop machine learning algorithms to discriminate and predict the writing styles of health educational resources on children versus adult health promotion using a variety of health educational resources aimed at the general public. METHODS The selection of natural language features as predicator variables of algorithms went through initial automatic feature selection using ridge classifier, support vector machine, extreme gradient boost tree, and recursive feature elimination followed by revision by education experts. We compared algorithms using the automatically selected (n=19) and linguistically enhanced (n=20) feature sets, using the initial feature set (n=115) as the baseline. RESULTS Using five-fold cross-validation, compared with the baseline (115 features), the Gaussian Naive Bayes model (20 features) achieved statistically higher mean sensitivity (P=.02; 95% CI -0.016 to 0.1929), mean specificity (P=.02; 95% CI -0.016 to 0.199), mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P=.02; 95% CI -0.007 to 0.140), and mean macro F1 (P=.006; 95% CI 0.016-0.167). The statistically improved performance of the final model (20 features) is in contrast to the statistically insignificant changes between the original feature set (n=115) and the automatically selected features (n=19): mean sensitivity (P=.13; 95% CI -0.1699 to 0.0681), mean specificity (P=.10; 95% CI -0.1389 to 0.4017), mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P=.008; 95% CI 0.0059-0.1126), and mean macro F1 (P=.98; 95% CI -0.0555 to 0.0548). This demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of combining automatic feature selection and expert-based linguistic revision to develop the most effective machine learning algorithms from high-dimensional data sets. CONCLUSIONS We developed new evaluation tools for the discrimination and prediction of writing styles of web-based health resources for children's health education and promotion among parents and caregivers of children. User-adaptive automatic assessment of web-based health content holds great promise for distant and remote health education among young readers. Our study leveraged the precision and adaptability of machine learning algorithms and insights from health linguistics to help advance this significant yet understudied area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Xie
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Meng Ji
- School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yanmeng Liu
- School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tianyong Hao
- School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Yin Chow
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
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Abu Aisheh YI, Tayeh BA, Alaloul WS, Jouda AF. Barriers of Occupational Safety Implementation in Infrastructure Projects: Gaza Strip Case. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073553. [PMID: 33805581 PMCID: PMC8037048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infrastructure projects are the foundation for essential public services and have an influential position in societal development. Although the role of infrastructure projects is substantial, they can involve complexities and safety issues that lead to an unsafe environment, and which impacts the project key stakeholders. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the barriers to implementing occupational safety in infrastructure projects in the Gaza Strip, which cause serious threats and reduce project performance. To evaluate the barriers, 39 items were highlighted and modified as per the construction context and environment, and which later were distributed in the form of a questionnaire, to get feedback from consultants and contractors. The analysis shows that in the safety policy barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “a contractor committed to an occupational safety program is not rewarded” first. In the management barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “safety engineer does not have significant powers, such as stopping work when needed” in the first place. In the behavior and culture barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “workers who are not committed to occupational safety are not excluded” in the first place. Overall, both consultants and contractors shared the same viewpoint in classifying the barriers in the working environment. The outcome of this study is beneficial for Palestinian construction industry policymakers, so they can monitor the highlighted barriers in on-going infrastructure projects and can modify the safety guidelines accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bassam A. Tayeh
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza PO Box 108, Palestine;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wesam Salah Alaloul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Amro Fareed Jouda
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza PO Box 108, Palestine;
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International Total Worker Health: Applicability to Agribusiness in Latin America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052252. [PMID: 33668716 PMCID: PMC7956694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Total Worker Health® (TWH) is a framework for integrating worker and workplace safety, health, and well-being, which has achieved success in European and US settings. However, the framework has not been implemented in Latin America or in agricultural sectors, leaving large and vulnerable populations underrepresented in the implementation and evaluation of these strategies to improve safety and promote health and well-being. This study presents a case study of how a TWH approach can be applied to a multinational Latin American agribusiness. We describe the process and adaptation strategy for conducting a TWH assessment at multiple organizational levels and in multiple countries. We follow this with a description of a TWH leadership training that was conducted based on the results of the assessment. Finally, we describe our methods to make corporate recommendations for TWH policies and programs that were informed by the TWH assessment and leadership trainings. With this case study we aim to demonstrate the importance and feasibility of conducting TWH in Latin America.
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A systematic review of factors leading to occupational injuries and fatalities. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Laslett AM, Stanesby O, Wilsnack S, Room R, Greenfield TK. Cross-National Comparisons and Correlates of Harms From the Drinking of People With Whom You Work. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:141-151. [PMID: 31774575 PMCID: PMC6980933 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research in high-income countries (HICs) has established high costs associated with alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in the workplace, scant attention has been paid to AHTO in the workplace in lower- or middle-income countries (LMICs). AIM To compare estimates and predictors of alcohol's impacts upon coworkers among workers in 12 countries. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys from 9,693 men and 8,606 women employed in Switzerland, Australia, the United States, Ireland, New Zealand, Chile, Nigeria, Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam, India, and Sri Lanka. Five questions were asked about harms in the past year because of coworkers' drinking: Had they (i) covered for another worker; (ii) worked extra hours; (iii) been involved in an accident or close call; or had their (iv) own productivity been reduced; or (v) ability to do their job been affected? Logistic regression and meta-analyses were estimated with 1 or more harms (vs. none) as the dependent variable, adjusting for age, sex, rurality of location, and the respondent worker's own drinking. RESULTS Between 1% (New Zealand) and 16% (Thailand) of workers reported that they had been adversely affected by a coworker's drinking in the previous year (with most countries in the 6 to 13% range). Smaller percentages (<1% to 12%) reported being in an accident or close call due to others' drinking. Employed men were more likely to report harm from coworkers' drinking than employed women in all countries apart from the United States, New Zealand, and Vietnam, and own drinking pattern was associated with increased harm in 5 countries. Harms were distributed fairly equally across age and geographic regions. Harm from coworkers' drinking was less prevalent among men in HICs compared with LMICs. CONCLUSIONS Workforce impairment because of drinking extends beyond the drinker in a range of countries and impacts productivity and economic development, particularly affecting men in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Flynn MA, Wickramage K. Leveraging the Domain of Work to Improve Migrant Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1248. [PMID: 29048386 PMCID: PMC5664749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Work is a principal driver of current international migration, a primary social determinant of health, and a fundamental point of articulation between migrants and their host society. Efforts by international organizations to promote migrant health have traditionally focused on infectious diseases and access to healthcare, while international labor organizations have largely focused on issues of occupational health. The underutilization of the domain of work in addressing the health of migrants is truly a missed opportunity for influencing worker well-being and reducing societal economic burden. Understanding of the relationships among migration, work, and health would facilitate further integration of migrant health concerns into the policy agenda of governments and international agencies that work at the nexus of labor, health and development. The domain of work offers an opportunity to capitalize on the existing health and development infrastructure and leverage technical resources, programs and research to promote migrant health. It also provides the opportunity to advance migrant health through new and innovative approaches and partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Flynn
- Occupational Health Equity Program Coordinator, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Patriots Plaza 1, 395 E Street, SW, Suite 9200, Washington, DC 20201, USA.
| | - Kolitha Wickramage
- Global Migration Health Research and Epidemiology Coordinator, International Organization for Migration (IOM), The United Nations Migration Agency, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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