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Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy as a New Tool for Ruling Out Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030838. [PMID: 36979817 PMCID: PMC10045833 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: A highly sensitive and specific point-of-care method for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is currently lacking. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of a rapid, easy-to-use, mid-infrared fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy (MIR-FEWS) method for ruling out SBP. Patients and Methods: Cirrhotic patients (n = 256) at five centers in France were included for suspected SBP or for the scheduled evacuation of ascites fluid. The mid-infrared spectrum of 7 µL of an ascites fluid sample was recorded using a MIR-FEWS system. To define a model for the diagnosis of SBP, the patients were divided into a calibration group (n = 170) and a validation group (n = 86). Results: Most of the patients were male (71%). The mean age was 60.25 years. Alcohol-related liver disease was the most common cause of cirrhosis. SBP was observed in 18% of the patients. For the diagnosis of SBP in the calibration and validation groups, respectively, the model gave areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.87 and 0.89, sensitivities of 90% and 87%, specificities of 78% and 80%, positive predictive values of 48% and 50%, negative predictive values of 97% and 96%, positive likelihood ratio of 4.09 and 4.35, negative likelihood ratio of 0.13 and 0.16, Youden index of 0.68 and 0.67, and correct classification rates of 80% and 81%. Conclusion: The results of this proof-of-concept study show that MIR-FEWS is a highly sensitive diagnostic method for ruling out SBP. The method warrants further investigation.
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Duckworth E, Hole A, Deshmukh A, Chaturvedi P, Chilakapati MK, Mora B, Roy D. Improving Vibrational Spectroscopy Prospects in Frontline Clinical Diagnosis: Fourier Transform Infrared on Buccal Mucosa Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13642-13646. [PMID: 36161799 PMCID: PMC9558084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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We report a novel
method with higher than 90% accuracy
in diagnosing
buccal mucosa cancer. We use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic
analysis of human serum by suppressing confounding high molecular
weight signals, thus relatively enhancing the biomarkers’ signals.
A narrower range molecular weight window of the serum was also investigated
that yielded even higher accuracy on diagnosis. The most accurate
results were produced in the serum’s 10–30 kDa molecular
weight region to distinguish between the two hardest to discern classes,
i.e., premalignant and cancer patients. This work promises an avenue
for earlier diagnosis with high accuracy as well as greater insight
into the molecular origins of these signals by identifying a key molecular
weight region to focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Duckworth
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Arti Hole
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Atul Deshmukh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Murali Krishna Chilakapati
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.,Tata Memorial Center, Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Benjamin Mora
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Debdulal Roy
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP Wales, United Kingdom
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Martin D, Monbet V, Sire O, Corvec ML, Loréal O. Multi-resolution B-splines data compression improves MIR spectroscopy-based Health diagnostic efficiency. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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4
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Albert JD, Le Corvec M, Berthoud O, David C, Guennoc X, Hoppe E, Jousse-Joulin S, Le Goff B, Tariel H, Sire O, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Coiffier G, Loréal O. Ruling out septic arthritis risk in a few minutes using mid-infrared spectroscopy in synovial fluids. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1158-1165. [PMID: 32885254 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to show the usefulness of a mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy point of care device in the identification of septic arthritis patients in a multicentre cohort, and to apply this technology to clinical practice among physicians. METHODS SF samples from 402 patients enrolled in a multicentre cohort were frozen for analysis by mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy. The calibration cohort was divided into two groups of patients (septic arthritis and non-septic arthritis) and relevant spectral variables were used for logistic regression model. Model performances were tested on an independent set of 86 freshly obtained SF samples from patients enrolled in a single-centre acute arthritis cohort and spectroscopic analyses performed at the patient's bedside. RESULTS The model set-up, using frozen-thawed SFs, provided good performances, with area under the curve 0.95, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.41 and negative predictive value 0.99. Performances obtained in the validation cohort were area under the curve 0.90, sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.81, positive predictive value 0.46 and negative predictive value 0.98. The septic arthritis probability has been translated into a risk score from 0 to 4 according to septic risk. For a risk score of 0, the probability of identifying a septic patient is very low (negative predictive value of 1), whereas a risk score of 4 indicates very high risk of septic arthritis (positive predictive value of 1). CONCLUSION Mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy could distinguish septic from non-septic synovial arthritis fluids with good performances, and showed particular usefulness in ruling out septic arthritis. Our data supports the possibility of technology transfer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02860871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Albert
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France.,INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Institut NUMECAN CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Olivia Berthoud
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Claire David
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Xavier Guennoc
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier St-Brieuc, St-brieuc, France
| | - Emmanuel Hoppe
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Jousse-Joulin
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire and Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227, Brest, France
| | - Benoît Le Goff
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Anne Jolivet-Gougeon
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Institut NUMECAN CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Coiffier
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France.,INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Institut NUMECAN CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, INRAe, UMR 1241, Institut NUMECAN CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
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5
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Investigation on Chalcogenide Glass Additive Manufacturing for Shaping Mid-infrared Optical Components and Microstructured Optical Fibers. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an original way of shaping chalcogenide optical components has been investigated. Thorough evaluation of the properties of chalcogenide glasses before and after 3D printing has been carried out in order to determine the impact of the 3D additive manufacturing process on the material. In order to evaluate the potential of such additive glass manufacturing, several preliminary results obtained with various chalcogenide objects and components, such as cylinders, beads, drawing preforms and sensors, are described and discussed. This innovative 3D printing method opens the way for many applications involving chalcogenide fiber elaboration, but also many other chalcogenide glass optical devices.
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Use of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for Monitoring Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Inflammatory Response in Guinea Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010281. [PMID: 33396581 PMCID: PMC7795336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori may result in humans having gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, and even gastric cancer. Investigation of quantitative changes of soluble biomarkers, correlating with H. pylori infection, is a promising tool for monitoring the course of infection and inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine, using an experimental model of H. pylori infection in guinea pigs, the specific characteristics of infrared spectra (IR) of sera from H. pylori infected (40) vs. uninfected (20) guinea pigs. The H. pylori status was confirmed by histological, molecular, and serological examination. The IR spectra were measured using a Fourier-transform (FT)-IR spectrometer Spectrum 400 (PerkinElmer) within the range of wavenumbers 3000–750 cm−1 and converted to first derivative spectra. Ten wavenumbers correlated with H. pylori infection, based on the chi-square test, were selected for a K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm. The wavenumbers correlating with infection were identified in the W2 and W3 windows associated mainly with proteins and in the W4 window related to nucleic acids and hydrocarbons. The k-NN for detection of H. pylori infection has been developed based on chemometric data. Using this model, animals were classified as infected with H. pylori with 100% specificity and 97% sensitivity. To summarize, the IR spectroscopy and k-NN algorithm are useful for monitoring experimental H. pylori infection and related inflammatory response in guinea pig model and may be considered for application in humans.
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Markham SK, Mani A, Korsakova EA, Korsakov AS, Zhukova LV, Bauer J, Silien C, Tofail SAM. Polarisation changes in guided infrared thermography using silver halide poly-crystalline mid-infrared fibre bundle. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2020; 142:1115-1122. [PMID: 33132749 PMCID: PMC7592120 DOI: 10.1007/s10973-020-10018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Broadband mid-infrared (B-MIR) thermography using fibre optic waveguides can be critical in real-time imaging in harsh environments such as additive manufacturing, personalised medical diagnosis and therapy. We investigate the polarisation effect on thermal measurements through poly-crystalline fibre bundle employing a simple broadband cross-polarisation configuration experimental set-up. Silver halide poly-crystalline fibres AgCl1-xBrx (0 ≤ x≤1) (AgClBr-PolyC) have very wide transmission bandwidth spanning over the spectral range from 1 µm up to 31 µm FWHM. Moreover, they are non-toxic, non-hygroscopic, with relatively good flexibility, which make them very adequate for spectroscopic and thermal measurements in medical and clinical fields. In this study, we used a fibre bundle composed of seven single AgClBr-PolyC fibres, each with a core diameter of about 300 µm, inserted between two broadband MIR polarisers. A silicon carbide filament source was placed at the entrance of the fibre bundle, while a FLIR thermal camera with a close-up lens was employed to measure the spatial temperature distribution over the fibre-bundle end. Indeed, polarisation dependence of temperature measurements has been clearly observed in which the orientation of temperature extrema (minima and maxima) vary from one fibre to another within the bundle. Moreover, these observations have enabled the classification of AgClBr-PolyC fibres following their polarisation sensitivities by which some fibres are relatively highly sensitive to polarisation with polarisation temperature difference (PTD) that can reach 22.1 ± 2.8 °C, whereas some others show very low PTD values down to 3.1 ± 2.8 °C. Many applications can readily be found based on the advantages of both extreme cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Markham
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aladin Mani
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Elena A. Korsakova
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S. Korsakov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Liya V. Zhukova
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Joanna Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christophe Silien
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Syed A. M. Tofail
- Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Anty R, Morvan M, Le Corvec M, Canivet CM, Patouraux S, Gugenheim J, Bonnafous S, Bailly-Maitre B, Sire O, Tariel H, Bernard J, Piche T, Loréal O, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Clément K, Tran A, Iannelli A, Gual P. The mid-infrared spectroscopy: A novel non-invasive diagnostic tool for NASH diagnosis in severe obesity. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:361-368. [PMID: 32039387 PMCID: PMC7005664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent medical need to develop non-invasive tests for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of an innovative model based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for the diagnosis of NASH. Methods Severely obese patients who underwent a bariatric procedure at the University Hospital of Nice, France (n = 395) were prospectively recruited. The clinico-biological characteristics were measured prior to surgery. Liver biopsies were collected during the surgical procedure and assessed by a pathologist. A training group (316 patients, NASH: 16.8%) and a validation group (79 patients, NASH: 16.5%) were randomly defined. MIR spectra were acquired by fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy, using chalcogenide glass fiber optic sensors and a spectrometer. This absorption spectroscopic technique delivers a spectrum that identifies the molecular composition of a sample, defining a patient's metabolic fingerprint. Results The areas under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for the diagnosis of NASH were 0.82 and 0.77 in the training and validation groups, respectively. The best threshold was 0.15, which was associated with a sensitivity of 0.75 and 0.69, and a specificity of 0.72 and 0.76. Negative predictive values of 0.94 and 0.93 and positive predictive values of 0.35 and 0.36, as well as correctly classified patient rates of 72% and 75% were obtained in the training and validation groups, respectively. A composite model using aspartate aminotransferase level, triglyceride level and waist circumference alongside the MIR spectra led to an increase in AUROC (0.88 and 0.84 for the training and validations groups, respectively). Conclusions MIR spectroscopy provides good sensitivity and negative predictive values for NASH screening in patients with severe obesity. Lay summary There is an urgent need for tools to non-invasively diagnose and monitor non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study evaluates the performance of a new tool for fast NASH diagnosis based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Using serum samples from severely obese patients who underwent a bariatric procedure, which enabled a concomitant liver biopsy to be performed, the MIR spectroscopy model performed well in screening patients for NASH compared to a traditional, histological diagnosis. There is no validated non-invasive diagnostic tool for NASH in routine care. NASH follow-up requires a non-invasive diagnostic method. Using a simple drop of serum, the mid-infrared spectrum captures a patient’s metabolic fingerprint. A model based on mid-infrared spectroscopy provides efficient NASH screening for patients with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
| | - Marie Morvan
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IRMAR - UMR, 6625, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Piche
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Rennes, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm Unité UMRS NutriOmics, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm Unité UMRS NutriOmics, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
| | | | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
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Abstract
Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) represents an attractive molecular diagnostic modality for translation to the clinic, where comprehensive chemical profiling of biological samples may revolutionize a myriad of pathways in clinical settings. Principally, FT-IR provides a rapid, cost-effective platform to obtain a molecular fingerprint of clinical samples based on vibrational transitions of chemical bonds upon interaction with infrared light. To date, considerable research activities have demonstrated competitive to superior performance of FT-IR strategies in comparison to conventional techniques, with particular promise for earlier, accessible disease diagnostics, thereby improving patient outcomes. However, amidst the changing healthcare landscape in times of aging populations and increased prevalence of cancer and chronic disease, routine adoption of FT-IR within clinical laboratories has remained elusive. Hence, this perspective shall outline the significant clinical potential of FT-IR diagnostics and subsequently address current barriers to translation from the perspective of all stakeholders, in the context of biofluid, histopathology, cytology, microbiology, and biomarker discovery frameworks. Thereafter, future perspectives of FT-IR for healthcare will be discussed, with consideration of recent technological advances that may facilitate future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Finlayson
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Devices and Health Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow , Glasgow G4 0NW , U.K.,WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K
| | - Christopher Rinaldi
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Devices and Health Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Strathclyde , Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow , Glasgow G4 0NW , U.K.,WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G1 1RD , U.K.,ClinSpec Diagnostics Ltd. , Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street , Glasgow G11RD , U.K
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Postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia by spectrochemical analysis of plasma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 15:332-341. [PMID: 31054024 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem diagnosis of extreme-weather-related deaths is a challenging forensic task. Here, we present a state-of-the-art study that employed attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with Chemometrics for postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia by biochemical investigation of plasma in rats. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral analysis revealed that plasma samples from the fatal hypothermia, fatal hyperthermia, and control groups, are substantially different from each other based on the spectral variations associated with the lipid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid components. Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models (hypothermia-nonhypothermia and hyperthermia-nonhyperthermia binary models) with a 100% accuracy rate were constructed. Subsequently, internal cross-validation was performed to assess the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 98.1 and 100% accuracy. Ultimately, classification predictions of 42 unknown plasma samples were performed by these two models, and both models achieved 100% accuracy. Additionally, our results demonstrated that hemolysis and postmortem hypothermic/hyperthermic effects did not weaken the prediction ability of these two classification models. In summary, this work demonstrates ATR-FTIR spectroscopy's great potential for postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia.
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Tian W, Wang D, Fan H, Yang L, Ma G. A Plasma Biochemical Analysis of Acute Lead Poisoning in a Rat Model by Chemometrics-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: An Exploratory Study. Front Chem 2018; 6:261. [PMID: 30003079 PMCID: PMC6031737 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explored to use chemometrics-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the plasma biochemical changes due to acute lead poisoning (ALP) in a rat model. We first collected the FTIR spectra of the plasma samples from the rats with and without suffering from ALP. We then performed the chemometric analysis of these FTIR spectra using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). We found that the chemometrics-based FTIR spectroscopy can discriminate the rats with and without ALP. Further analysis on the PLS-DA regression coefficient revealed that the spectral changes, in particular, corresponding to the biochemical changes of proteins in the plasma may be used as potential spectral biomarkers for the diagnostics of lead poisoning. Our work demonstrates the potential of chemometrics-based FTIR spectroscopy as a promising tool for the biochemical analysis of plasma that could consequently enable an objective, convenient and non-destructive diagnostics of lead poisoning. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first application of chemometrics-based FTIR spectroscopy in the diagnostics of lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Haoran Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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