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Sharma S, Gupta S, Yadav PK. Sex and blood group determination from hair using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:801-814. [PMID: 37980281 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Examination of hair with its intact root is commonly used for DNA profiling of the donor. However, its use for gathering other types of information is less explored. Using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the present study aims to explore other relevant aspects in a non-destructive manner for forensics. Determining the sex and blood group of human hair samples were the major goals of the study. Sex determination was accomplished by analyzing the differential vibrational intensities and stretching of various chemical groups associated with hair and its proteins. Statistical inference of spectral data was performed using chemometric algorithms such as PCA and PLS-DA. The PLS-DA model determined sex with 100% accuracy and blood grouping with an average accuracy of 95%. The present study is the first of its kind to determine sex and blood grouping from human scalp hair shafts, as far as the author knows. By acting as a preliminary screening test, this study could have significant implications for forensic analysis of crime scene samples. Human and synthetic hair were used in validation studies, resulting in 100% accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity, with 0% false positives and false negatives. The technique ATR FTIR spectroscopy could complement the currently used methods of hair analysis such as physical examination and mitochondrial or genomic DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Sharma
- LNJN NICFS, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Science University, An Institute of National Importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Delhi Campus, Delhi, 110085, India.
| | - Srishti Gupta
- LNJN NICFS, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Science University, An Institute of National Importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Delhi Campus, Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharastra, India
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2
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Serra I, Piccinini D, Paradisi A, Ciano L, Bellei M, Bortolotti CA, Battistuzzi G, Sola M, Walton PH, Di Rocco G. Activity and substrate specificity of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases: An ATR FTIR-based sensitive assay tested on a novel species from Pseudomonas putida. Protein Sci 2022; 31:591-601. [PMID: 34897841 PMCID: PMC8862430 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida W619 is a soil Gram-negative bacterium commonly used in environmental studies thanks to its ability in degrading many aromatic compounds. Its genome contains several putative carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs). In this study, we have heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and characterized a new enzyme belonging to the AA10 family, named PpAA10 (Uniprot: B1J2U9), which contains a chitin-binding type-4 module and showed activity toward β-chitin. The active form of the enzyme was produced in E. coli exploiting the addition of a cleavable N-terminal His tag which ensured the presence of the copper-coordinating His as the first residue. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed signal signatures similar to those observed for the copper-binding site of chitin-cleaving PMOs. The protein was used to develop a versatile, highly sensitive, cost-effective and easy-to-apply method to detect PMO's activity exploiting attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and able to easily discriminate between different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Serra
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly,Present address:
BIMEF Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Daniele Piccinini
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Alessandro Paradisi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly,Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Luisa Ciano
- Department of Chemistry and GeologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly,Present address:
School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Marzia Bellei
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | | | | | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | | | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
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Hepler RW, Nahas DD, Lucas B, Kaufhold R, Flynn JA, Galli JD, Swoyer R, Wagner JM, Espeseth AS, Joyce JG, Cook JC, Durr E. Spectroscopic analysis of chlamydial major outer membrane protein in support of structure elucidation. Protein Sci 2019; 27:1923-1941. [PMID: 30144190 PMCID: PMC6201732 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) is the major protein constituent of the bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis Serovars D–K are the leading cause of genital tract infections which can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies. A vaccine against Chlamydia is highly desirable but currently not available. MOMP accounts for ~ 60% of the chlamydial protein mass and is considered to be one of the lead vaccine candidates against C. trachomatis. We report on the spectroscopic analysis of C. trachomatis native MOMP Serovars D, E, F, and J as well as C. muridarum MOMP by size exclusion chromatography multi angle light scattering (SEC MALS), circular dichroism (CD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). MOMP was purified from the native bacterium grown in either adherent HeLa cells or in different suspension cell lines. Our results confirm that MOMP forms homo‐trimers in detergent micelles. The secondary structure composition of C. trachomatis MOMP was conserved across serovars, but different from composition of C. muridarum MOMP with a 13% (CD) to 18% (ATR‐FTIR) reduction in β‐sheet conformation for C. trachomatis MOMP. When Serovar E MOMP was isolated from suspension cell lines the α‐helix content increased by 7% (CD) to 13% (ATIR‐FTIR). Maintenance of a native‐like tertiary and quaternary structure in subunit vaccines is important for the generation of protective antibodies. This biophysical characterization of MOMP presented here serves, in the absence of functional assays, as a method for monitoring the structural integrity of MOMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Hepler
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Debbie D Nahas
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Bob Lucas
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Robin Kaufhold
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Jessica A Flynn
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer D Galli
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Ryan Swoyer
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - James M Wagner
- Vaccine Process Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Amy S Espeseth
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Joseph G Joyce
- Vaccine Process Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - James C Cook
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Eberhard Durr
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
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Salnikov ES, De Zotti M, Bobone S, Mazzuca C, Raya J, Siano AS, Peggion C, Toniolo C, Stella L, Bechinger B. Trichogin GA IV Alignment and Oligomerization in Phospholipid Bilayers. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2141-2150. [PMID: 31125169 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichogin GA IV is a short peptaibol with antimicrobial activity. This uncharged, but amphipathic, sequence is aligned at the membrane interface and undergoes a transition to an aggregated state that inserts more deeply into the membrane, an assembly that predominates at a peptide-to-lipid ratio (P/L) of 1:20. In this work, the natural trichogin sequence was prepared and reconstituted into oriented lipid bilayers. The 15 N NMR chemical shift is indicative of a well-defined alignment of the peptide parallel to the membrane surface at P/Ls of 1:120 and 1:20. When the P/L is increased to 1:8, an additional peptide topology is observed that is indicative of a heterogeneous orientation, with helix alignments ranging from around the magic angle to perfectly in-plane. The topological preference of the trichogin helix for an orientation parallel to the membrane surface was confirmed by attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, 19 F CODEX experiments were performed on a trichogin sequence with 19 F-Phe at position 10. The CODEX decay is in agreement with a tetrameric complex, in which the 19 F sites are about 9-9.5 Å apart. Thus, a model emerges in which the monomeric peptide aligns along the membrane surface. When the peptide concentration increases, first dimeric and then tetrameric assemblies form, made up from helices oriented predominantly parallel to the membrane surface. The formation of these aggregates correlates with the release of vesicle contents including relatively large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Salnikov
- Institut de Chimie, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marta De Zotti
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR', Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bobone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesus Raya
- Institut de Chimie, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alvaro S Siano
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Ruta Nacional N° 168, Km 472, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Cristina Peggion
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR', Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR', Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Institut de Chimie, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
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Lin H, Zou D, Luo Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Huang P. Postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia by spectrochemical analysis of plasma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 15:332-41. [PMID: 31054024 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem diagnosis of extreme-weather-related deaths is a challenging forensic task. Here, we present a state-of-the-art study that employed attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with Chemometrics for postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia by biochemical investigation of plasma in rats. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral analysis revealed that plasma samples from the fatal hypothermia, fatal hyperthermia, and control groups, are substantially different from each other based on the spectral variations associated with the lipid, carbohydrate and nucleic acid components. Two partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models (hypothermia-nonhypothermia and hyperthermia-nonhyperthermia binary models) with a 100% accuracy rate were constructed. Subsequently, internal cross-validation was performed to assess the robustness of these two models, which resulted in 98.1 and 100% accuracy. Ultimately, classification predictions of 42 unknown plasma samples were performed by these two models, and both models achieved 100% accuracy. Additionally, our results demonstrated that hemolysis and postmortem hypothermic/hyperthermic effects did not weaken the prediction ability of these two classification models. In summary, this work demonstrates ATR-FTIR spectroscopy's great potential for postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia/hyperthermia.
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Egunov AI, Inaba A, Gree S, Malval JP, Tamura K, Saito Y, Luchnikov VA. Time-programmed release of fluoroscein isocyanate dextran from micro-pattern-designed polymer scrolls. J Control Release 2016; 233:39-47. [PMID: 27179634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article we present a relevant strategy for a non-trivial time-programmed release of water-soluble macromolecules from biocompatible μ-containers. The system is based on self-scrolled chitosan acetate (CA) fibers, encapsulated in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. Mass transfer between a fiber and the external environment takes place via the only opened extremity of the fiber. Fluoroscein isocyanate dextran (FID) is initially deposited at the inner surface of the CA fiber according to a programmed pattern. The FID molecules became mobile after the arriving of the swelling front, which propagates along the fiber's axis upon the immersion of the system in aqueous solution. Diffusion of the macromolecules into the environment is enabled by the open-tube geometry of the swollen part of the fiber, while a programmed kinetics of the drug release is due to patterning of the polymer film prior to rolling. The release of the macromolecules can be retarded by a few hours according to the placement of the FID spot with respect to the fibers orifice. A pulsatile release kinetics is demonstrated for a discrete pattern. A few millimeter spacing of the FID spots results in a few hours time interval between the release impulses. Random walk model is plugged in the effective diffusion coefficient for Fick's law and the release kinetics are simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr I Egunov
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, CNRS-Université de Haute-Alsace, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse 68057, France
| | - Ayano Inaba
- Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 421-1298, Japan
| | - Simon Gree
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, CNRS-Université de Haute-Alsace, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse 68057, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, CNRS-Université de Haute-Alsace, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse 68057, France
| | - Katsuhiro Tamura
- Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 421-1298, Japan
| | - Yukie Saito
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Valeriy A Luchnikov
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, CNRS-Université de Haute-Alsace, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse 68057, France.
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