1
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Fodil S, De Zotti M, Tundo S, Gabbatore L, Vettorazzo I, Luti S, Musetti R, Sella L, Favaron F, Baccelli I. Multiple lysine substitutions in the peptaibol trichogin GA IV enhance the antibiotic activity against plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 201:105901. [PMID: 38685232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae are essentially controlled in the field with the use of copper-based products and antibiotics, raising environmental and safety concerns. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from fungi may represent a sustainable alternative to those chemicals. Trichogin GA IV, a non-ribosomal, 11-residue long AMP naturally produced by the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum has the ability to insert into phospholipidic membranes and form water-filled pores, thereby perturbing membrane integrity and permeability. In previous studies, peptide analogs modified at the level of specific residues were designed to be water-soluble and active against plant pathogens. Here, we studied the role of glycine-to-lysine substitutions and of the presence of a C-terminal leucine amide on bioactivity against Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. P. syringae diseases affect a wide range of crops worldwide, including tomato and kiwifruit. Our results show that trichogin GA IV analogs containing two or three Gly-to-Lys substitutions are highly effective in vitro against P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst), displaying minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations in the low micromolar range. The same analogs are also able to inhibit in vitro the kiwifruit pathogen P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) biovar 3. When sprayed on tomato plants 24 h before Pst inoculation, only tri-lysine containing analogs were able to significantly reduce bacterial titers and symptom development in infected plants. Our results point to a positive correlation between the number of lysine substitutions and the antibacterial activity. This correlation was supported by microscopy analyses performed with mono-, di- and tri-Lys containing analogs that showed a different degree of interaction with Pst cells and ultrastructural changes that culminated in cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Fodil
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale Dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale Dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Gabbatore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Vettorazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale Dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale Dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale Dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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2
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Bertran A, De Zotti M, Timmel CR, Di Valentin M, Bowen AM. Determining and controlling conformational information from orientationally selective light-induced triplet-triplet electron resonance spectroscopy for a set of bis-porphyrin rulers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2589-2602. [PMID: 38170870 PMCID: PMC10793979 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We recently reported a new technique, light-induced triplet-triplet electron resonance (LITTER) spectroscopy, which allows quantification of the dipolar interaction between the photogenerated triplet states of two chromophores. Here we carry out a systematic LITTER study, considering orientation selection by the detection pulses, of a series of bis-porphyrin model peptides with different porphyrin-porphyrin distances and relative orientations. Orientation-dependent analysis of the dipolar datasets yields conformational information of the molecules in frozen solution which is in good agreement with density functional theory predictions. Additionally, a fast partial orientational-averaging treatment produces distance distributions with minimized orientational artefacts. Finally, by direct comparison of LITTER data to double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measured on a system with Cu(II) coordinated into the porphyrins, we demonstrate the advantages of the LITTER technique over the standard DEER methodology. This is due to the remarkable spectroscopic properties of the photogenerated porphyrin triplet state. This work sets the basis for the use of LITTER in structural investigations of unmodified complex biological macromolecules, which could be combined with Förster resonance energy transfer and microscopy inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Bertran
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Centro Studi di Economia e Tecnica dell'energia Giorgio Levi Cases", 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Centro Studi di Economia e Tecnica dell'energia Giorgio Levi Cases", 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alice M Bowen
- The National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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3
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Toniolo C, De Zotti M. Ernesto Scoffone: A great scientist, colleague, and mentor. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3552. [PMID: 37926433 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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4
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Bertran A, Morbiato L, Sawyer J, Dalla Torre C, Heyes DJ, Hay S, Timmel CR, Di Valentin M, De Zotti M, Bowen AM. Direct Comparison between Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Light-Induced Triplet-Triplet Electron Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22859-22865. [PMID: 37839071 PMCID: PMC10603778 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To carry out reliable and comprehensive structural investigations, the exploitation of different complementary techniques is required. Here, we report that dual triplet-spin/fluorescent labels enable the first parallel distance measurements by electron spin resonance (ESR) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) on exactly the same molecules with orthogonal chromophores, allowing for direct comparison. An improved light-induced triplet-triplet electron resonance method with 2-color excitation is used, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and yielding a distance distribution that provides greater insight than the single distance resulting from FRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Bertran
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jack Sawyer
- The
National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Department
of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science
Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Dalla Torre
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- The
National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Department
of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science
Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- The
National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Department
of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science
Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane R. Timmel
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Centro Studi di Economia e
Tecnica dell’energia Giorgio Levi Cases”, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Centro Studi di Economia e
Tecnica dell’energia Giorgio Levi Cases”, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- The
National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Department
of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science
Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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5
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Roversi D, Troiano C, Salnikov E, Giordano L, Riccitelli F, De Zotti M, Casciaro B, Loffredo MR, Park Y, Formaggio F, Mangoni ML, Bechinger B, Stella L. Effects of antimicrobial peptides on membrane dynamics: A comparison of fluorescence and NMR experiments. Biophys Chem 2023; 300:107060. [PMID: 37336097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising class of compounds to fight resistant infections. They are commonly thought to kill bacteria by perturbing the permeability of their cell membranes. However, bacterial killing requires a high coverage of the cell surface by bound peptides, at least in the case of cationic and amphipathic AMPs. Therefore, it is conceivable that peptide accumulation on the bacterial membranes might interfere with vital cellular functions also by perturbing bilayer dynamics, a hypothesis that has been termed "sand in the gearbox". Here we performed a systematic study of such possible effects, for two representative peptides (the cationic cathelicidin PMAP-23 and the peptaibol alamethicin), employing fluorescence and NMR spectroscopies. These approaches are commonly applied to characterize lipid order and dynamics, but sample different time-scales and could thus report on different membrane properties. In our case, fluorescence anisotropy measurements on liposomes labelled with probes localized at different depths in the bilayer showed that both peptides perturb membrane fluidity and order. Pyrene excimer-formation experiments showed a peptide-induced reduction in lipid lateral mobility. Finally, laurdan fluorescence indicated that peptide binding reduces water penetration below the headgroups region. Comparable effects were observed also in fluorescence experiments performed directly on live bacterial cells. By contrast, the fatty acyl chain order parameters detected by deuterium NMR spectroscopy remained virtually unaffected by addition of the peptides. The apparent discrepancy between the two techniques confirms previous sporadic observations and is discussed in terms of the different characteristic times of the two approaches. The perturbation of membrane dynamics in the ns timescale, indicated by the multiple fluorescence approaches reported here, could contribute to the antimicrobial activity of AMPs, by affecting the function of membrane proteins, which is strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roversi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Cassandra Troiano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Evgeniy Salnikov
- RMN et Biophysique des membranes, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Lorenzo Giordano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesco Riccitelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- RMN et Biophysique des membranes, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
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Bolzonello A, Morbiato L, Tundo S, Sella L, Baccelli I, Echeverrigaray S, Musetti R, De Zotti M, Favaron F. Peptide Analogs of a Trichoderma Peptaibol Effectively Control Downy Mildew in the Vineyard. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2643-2652. [PMID: 36724095 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2064-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola, the agent of grapevine downy mildew, causes enormous economic damage, and its control is primarily based on the use of synthetic fungicides. The European Union policies promote reducing reliance on synthetic plant protection products. Biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma spp. constitute a resource for the development of biopesticides. Trichoderma spp. produce secondary metabolites such as peptaibols, but the poor water solubility of peptaibols limits their practical use as agrochemicals. To identify new potential bio-inspired molecules effective against P. viticola, various water-soluble peptide analogs of the peptaibol trichogin were synthesized. In grapevine leaf disk assays, the peptides analogs at a concentration of 50 μM completely prevented P. viticola infection after zoosporangia inoculation. Microscopic observations of one of the most effective peptides showed that it causes membrane lysis and cytoplasmic granulation in both zoosporangia and zoospores. Among the effective peptides, 4r was selected for a 2-year field trial experiment. In the vineyard, the peptide administered at 100 μM (equivalent to 129.3 g/ha) significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity on both leaves and bunches, with protection levels similar to those obtained using a cupric fungicide. In the second-year field trial, reduced dosages of the peptide were also tested, and even at the peptide concentration reduced by 50 or 75%, a significant decrease in the disease incidence and severity was obtained at the end of the trial. The peptide did not show any phytotoxic effect. Previously, peptide 4r had been demonstrated to be active against other fungal pathogens, including the grapevine fungus Botrytis cinerea. Thus, this peptide may be a candidate for a broad-spectrum fungicide whose biological properties deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bolzonello
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
| | - Sergio Echeverrigaray
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
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7
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Morbiato L, Quaggia C, Menilli L, Dalla Torre C, Barbon A, De Zotti M. Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Antitumor Activity of the Naturally Occurring Antimicrobial Medium-Length Peptaibol Pentadecaibin and Spin-Labeled Analogs Thereof. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13396. [PMID: 37686199 PMCID: PMC10487733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptaibols are proteolysis-resistant, membrane-active peptides. Their remarkably stable helical 3D-structures are key for their bioactivity. They can insert themselves into the lipid bilayer as barrel staves, or lay on its surface like carpets, depending on both their length and the thickness of the lipid bilayer. Medium-length peptaibols are of particular interest for studying the peptide-membrane interaction because their length allows them to adopt either orientation as a function of the membrane thickness, which, in turn, might even result in an enhanced selectivity. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the election technique used to this aim, but it requires the synthesis of spin-labeled medium-length peptaibols, which, in turn, is hampered by the poor reactivity of the Cα-tetrasubstituted residues featured in their sequences. After several years of trial and error, we are now able to give state-of-the-art advice for a successful synthesis of nitroxide-containing peptaibols, avoiding deleted sequences, side reactions and difficult purification steps. Herein, we describe our strategy and itsapplication to the synthesis of spin-labeled analogs of the recently discovered, natural, medium-length peptaibol pentadecaibin. We studied the antitumor activity of pentadecaibin and its analogs, finding potent cytotoxicity against human triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Finally, our analysis of the peptide conformational preferences and membrane interaction proved that pentadecaibinspin-labeling does not alter the biological features of the native sequence and is suitable for further EPR studies. The nitroxide-containing pentadecaibins, and their synthetic strategy described herein, will help to shed light on the mechanism of the peptide-membrane interaction of medium-length peptaibols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morbiato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Celeste Quaggia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Dalla Torre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
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Sukumaran S, Tan M, Ben-Uliel SF, Zhang H, De Zotti M, Chua MS, So SK, Qvit N. Rational design, synthesis and structural characterization of peptides and peptidomimetics to target Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3159-3172. [PMID: 37304004 PMCID: PMC10250827 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37) work together as a molecular chaperone complex to regulate the activity of a multitude of client protein kinases. These kinases belong to a wide array of intracellular signaling networks that mediate multiple cellular processes including proliferation. As a result, Hsp90 and Cdc37 represent innovative therapeutic targets in various cancers (such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) in which their expression levels are elevated. Conventional small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors act by blocking the conserved adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site. However, by targeting less conserved sites in a more specific manner, peptides and peptidomimetics (modified peptides) hold potential as more efficacious and less toxic alternatives to the conventional small molecule inhibitors. Using a rational approach, we herein developed bioactive peptides targeting Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction. A six amino acid linear peptide derived from Cdc37, KTGDEK, was designed to target Hsp90. We used in silico computational docking to first define its mode of interaction, and binding orientation, and then conjugated the peptide with a cell penetrating peptide, TAT, and a fluorescent dye to confirm its ability to colocalize with Hsp90 in HCC cells. Based on the parent linear sequence, we developed a peptidomimetics library of pre-cyclic and cyclic derivatives. These peptidomimetics were evaluated for their binding affinity to Hsp90, and bioactivity in HCC cell lines. Among them, a pre-cyclic peptidomimetic demonstrates high binding affinity and bioactivity in HCC cells, causing reduced cell proliferation that is associated with induction of cell apoptosis, and down-regulation of phosphorylated MEK1/2. Overall, this generalized approach of rational design, structural optimization, and cellular validation of 'drug-like' peptidomimetics against Hsp90/Cdc37 offers a feasible and promising way to design novel therapeutic agents for malignancies and other diseases that are dependent on this molecular chaperone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Sukumaran
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Mingdian Tan
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shulamit Fluss Ben-Uliel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Hui Zhang
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel K. So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel
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9
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Dalla Torre C, Sannio F, Battistella M, Docquier JD, De Zotti M. Peptaibol Analogs Show Potent Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097997. [PMID: 37175704 PMCID: PMC10178204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New classes of antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to address the global issue of antibiotic resistance. In this context, peptaibols are promising membrane-active peptides since they are not involved in innate immunity and their antimicrobial activity does not involve specific cellular targets, therefore reducing the chance of bacterial resistance development. Trichogin GA IV is a nonhemolytic, natural, short-length peptaibol active against Gram-positive bacteria and resistant to proteolysis. In this work, we report on the antibacterial activity of cationic trichogin analogs. Several peptides appear non-hemolytic and strongly active against many clinically relevant bacterial species, including antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against which there are only a limited number of antibiotics under development. Our results further highlight how the modification of natural peptides is a valuable strategy for obtaining improved antibacterial agents with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dalla Torre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Battistella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines-UR InBioS, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Caracciolo R, Sella L, De Zotti M, Bolzonello A, Armellin M, Trainotti L, Favaron F, Tundo S. Efficacy of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichogin GA IV Peptaibol analogs against the Black Rot Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and other Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020480. [PMID: 36838445 PMCID: PMC9967956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Black rot caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is considered one of the most destructive diseases affecting crucifers. Xcc is a seedborne pathogen able to infect the host at any growth stage. The management of the pathogen mainly relies on the use of copper-based products with possible negative effects on human health and the environment. Searching for protection alternatives is crucial for achieving a sustainable management of Xcc. Trichoderma spp. has been largely used as a biocontrol agent against several phytopathogens. Among Trichoderma species, Trichoderma longibrachiatum produces the peptaibol trichogin GA IV, a secondary metabolite with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, as well as filamentous and yeast-like fungi. In this work, we tested, at micromolar concentrations, 25 synthetic analogs of the peptaibol trichogin GA IV for their bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity toward the bacterium Xcc. One of the most effective peptides (4r) was also tested against the Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas arboricola, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, as well as the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The peptide 4r reduced black rot symptoms on cauliflower plants when administered both before and 24 h after inoculation with Xcc. The cytotoxic activity of the peptide 4r was also evaluated towards suspensions of tobacco cells by Evans Blue assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Caracciolo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Bolzonello
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Armellin
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trainotti
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Morbiato L, Haneen DSA, Formaggio F, De Zotti M. Total synthesis of the natural, medium-length, peptaibol pentadecaibin and study of the chemical features responsible for its membrane activity. J Pept Sci 2023:e3479. [PMID: 36652104 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptaibols are naturally occurring, antimicrobial peptides endowed with well-defined helical conformations and resistance to proteolysis. Both features stem from the presence in their sequence of several, Cα -tetrasubstituted, α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues. Peptaibols interact with biological membranes, usually causing their leakage. All of the peptaibol-membrane interaction mechanisms proposed so far begin with peptide aggregation or accumulation. The long-length alamethicin, the most studied peptaibol, acts by forming pores in the membranes. Conversely, the carpet mechanism has been claimed for short-length peptaibols, such as trichogin. The mechanism of medium-length peptaibols is far less studied, and this is partly due to the difficulties of their synthesis. They are believed to perturb membrane permeability in different ways, depending on the membrane properties. The present work focuses on pentadecaibin, a recently discovered, medium-length peptaibol. In contrast to the majority of its family members, its sequence does not comprise hydroxyprolines or prolines, and its helix is not kinked. A reliable and effective synthesis procedure is described that allowed us to produce also two shorter analogs. By a combination of techniques, we were able to establish a 3D-structure-activity relationship. In particular, the membrane activity of pentadecaibin heavily depends on the presence of three consecutive Aib residues that are responsible for the clear, albeit modest, amphiphilic character of its helix. The shortest analog, devoid of two of these three Aib residues, preserves a well-defined helical conformation, but not its amphipathicity, and loses almost completely the ability to cause membrane leakage. We conclude that pentadecaibin amphiphilicity is probably needed for the peptide ability to perturb model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morbiato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - David S A Haneen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, 11566, Egypt
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Unit, CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Unit, CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Bertran A, Morbiato L, Aquilia S, Gabbatore L, De Zotti M, Timmel CR, Di Valentin M, Bowen AM. Erythrosin B as a New Photoswitchable Spin Label for Light-Induced Pulsed EPR Dipolar Spectroscopy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217526. [PMID: 36364348 PMCID: PMC9657417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new photoswitchable spin label for light-induced pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance dipolar spectroscopy (LiPDS), the photoexcited triplet state of erythrosin B (EB), which is ideal for biological applications. With this label, we perform an in-depth study of the orientational effects in dipolar traces acquired using the refocused laser-induced magnetic dipole technique to obtain information on the distance and relative orientation between the EB and nitroxide labels in a rigid model peptide, in good agreement with density functional theory predictions. Additionally, we show that these orientational effects can be averaged to enable an orientation-independent analysis to determine the distance distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of these experiments above liquid nitrogen temperatures, removing the need for expensive liquid helium or cryogen-free cryostats. The variety of choices in photoswitchable spin labels and the affordability of the experiments are critical for LiPDS to become a widespread methodology in structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Bertran
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Aquilia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Gabbatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Centro Studi di Economia e Tecnica dell’Energia Giorgio Levi Cases”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christiane R. Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Centro Studi di Economia e Tecnica dell’Energia Giorgio Levi Cases”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- The National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence: (M.D.V.); (A.M.B.)
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13
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Syryamina VN, Afanasyeva EF, Dzuba SA, Formaggio F, De Zotti M. Peptide-membrane binding is not enough to explain bioactivity: A case study. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2022; 1864:183978. [PMID: 35659865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides are a promising class of antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. For this reason, their molecular mechanisms of action are currently actively investigated. By exploiting Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, we study the membrane interaction of two spin-labeled analogs of the antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptide trichogin GA IV (Tri), with opposite bioactivity: Tri(Api8), able to selectively kill cancer cells, and Tri(Leu4), which is completely nontoxic. In our attempt to determine the molecular basis of their different biological activity, we investigate peptide impact on the lateral organization of lipid membranes, peptide localization and oligomerization, in the zwitter-ionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) model membrane We show that, despite their divergent bioactivity, both peptide analogs (i) are membrane-bound, (ii) display a weak tendency to oligomerization, and (iii) do not induce significant lipid rearrangement. Conversely, literature data show that the parent peptide trichogin, which is cytotoxic without any selectivity, is strongly prone to dimerization and affects the reorganization of POPC membranes. Its dimers are involved in the rotation around the peptide helix, as observed at cryogenic temperatures in the millisecond timescale. Since this latter behavior is not observed for the inactive Tri(Leu4), we propose that for short-length peptides as trichogin oligomerization and molecular motions are crucial for bioactivity, and membrane binding alone is not enough to predict or explain it. We envisage that small changes in the peptide sequence that affect only their ability to oligomerize, or their molecular motions inside the membrane, can tune the peptide activity on membranes of different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Syryamina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina F Afanasyeva
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University,630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB-CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- ICB-CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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14
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Baccelli I, Luti S, Bernardi R, Favaron F, De Zotti M, Sella L. Water-Soluble Trichogin GA IV-Derived Peptaibols Protect Tomato Plants From Botrytis cinerea Infection With Limited Impact on Plant Defenses. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:881961. [PMID: 35665189 PMCID: PMC9161086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptaibols are non-ribosomal linear peptides naturally produced by a wide variety of fungi and represent the largest group of peptaibiotic molecules produced by Trichoderma species. Trichogin GA IV is an 11-residue lipopeptaibol naturally produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Peptaibols possess the ability to form pores in lipid membranes or perturb their surface, and have been studied as antibiotics or anticancer drugs in human medicine, or as antimicrobial molecules against plant pathogens. When applied to plants, peptaibols may also elicit defense responses. A major drawback to the exploitation and application of peptaibols in agriculture is their poor water solubility. In a previous study, we designed water-soluble Lys-containing Trichogin GA IV analogs, which were able to inhibit the growth of several fungal plant pathogens in vitro. In the present study, we shed light on the mechanism underpinning their efficacy on plants, focusing on six Trichogin GA IV analogs. Our results highlighted peptide hydrophilicity, rather than helix stability, as the major determinant of their activity against B. cinerea infection in tomato leaves. The peptides showed preventive but not curative efficacy against infection, and lack of translaminar activity, with results reproducible on two tomato cultivars, Marmande and Micro-Tom. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection analysis in tomato and Arabidopsis, and expression of defense genes in tomato, highlighted a transient and limited impact of the peptides on the plant defense system. The treatment did not result in significant modulation of defense genes or defense priming. The antimicrobial effect thus emerges as the only mechanism behind the plant protection ability exerted by water-soluble Trichogin GA IV analogs, and limited effects on the plant metabolism are expected to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simone Luti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Bernardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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15
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De Zotti M. Bloody spin: I caught you at last. Biophys J 2022; 121:1352-1353. [PMID: 35316644 PMCID: PMC9072572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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16
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Sella L, Govind R, Caracciolo R, Quarantin A, Vu VV, Tundo S, Nguyen HM, Favaron F, Musetti R, De Zotti M. Transcriptomic and Ultrastructural Analyses of Pyricularia Oryzae Treated With Fungicidal Peptaibol Analogs of Trichoderma Trichogin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:753202. [PMID: 34721357 PMCID: PMC8551967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.753202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-friendly analogs of Trichogin GA IV, a short peptaibol produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, were assayed against Pyricularia oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. In vitro and in vivo screenings allowed us to identify six peptides able to reduce by about 70% rice blast symptoms. One of the most active peptides was selected for further studies. Microscopy analyses highlighted that the treated fungal spores could not germinate and the fluorescein-labeled peptide localized on the spore cell wall and in the agglutinated cytoplasm. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out on P. oryzae mycelium 3 h after the peptide treatment. We identified 1,410 differentially expressed genes, two-thirds of which upregulated. Among these, we found genes involved in oxidative stress response, detoxification, autophagic cell death, cell wall biogenesis, degradation and remodeling, melanin and fatty acid biosynthesis, and ion efflux transporters. Molecular data suggest that the trichogin analogs cause cell wall and membrane damages and induce autophagic cell death. Ultrastructure observations on treated conidia and hyphae confirmed the molecular data. In conclusion, these selected peptides seem to be promising alternative molecules for developing effective bio-pesticides able to control rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rakshita Govind
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Caracciolo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Quarantin
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Van V Vu
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Hung Minh Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry (DISC), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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17
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Syryamina VN, Sannikova NE, De Zotti M, Gobbo M, Formaggio F, Dzuba SA. Tylopeptin B peptide antibiotic in lipid membranes at low concentrations: Self-assembling, mutual repulsion and localization. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2021; 1863:183585. [PMID: 33640429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The medium-length peptide Tylopeptin B possesses activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It binds to bacterial membranes altering their mechanical properties and increasing their permeability. This action is commonly related with peptide self-assembling, resulting in the formation of membrane channels. Here, pulsed double electron-electron resonance (DEER) data for spin-labeled Tylopeptin B in palmitoyl-oleoyl-glycero-phosphocholine (POPC) model membrane reveal that peptide self-assembling starts at concentration as low as 0.1 mol%; above 0.2 mol% it attains a saturation-like dependence with a mean number of peptides in the cluster <n> = 3.3. Using the electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) technique, Tylopeptin B molecules are found to possess a planar orientation in the membrane. In the peptide concentration range between 0.1 and 0.2 mol%, DEER data show that the peptide clusters have tendency of mutual repulsion, with a circle of inaccessibility of radius around 20 nm. It may be proposed that within this radius the peptides destabilize the membrane, providing so the peptide antimicrobial activity. Exploiting spin-labeled stearic acids as a model for free fatty acids (FFA), we found that at concentrations of 0.1-0.2 mol% the peptide promotes formation of lipid-mediated FFA clusters; further increase in peptide concentration results in dissipation of these clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Syryamina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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18
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Kubitzky S, Venanzi M, Biondi B, Lettieri R, De Zotti M, Gatto E. A pH-Induced Reversible Conformational Switch Able to Control the Photocurrent Efficiency in a Peptide Supramolecular System. Chemistry 2021; 27:2810-2817. [PMID: 33107646 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
External stimuli are potent tools that Nature uses to control protein function and activity. For instance, during viral entry and exit, pH variations are known to trigger large protein conformational changes. In Nature, also the electron transfer (ET) properties of ET proteins are influenced by pH-induced conformational changes. In this work, a pH-controlled, reversible 310 -helix to α-helix conversion (from acidic to highly basic pH values and vice versa) of a peptide supramolecular system built on a gold surface is described. The effect of pH on the ability of the peptide SAM to generate a photocurrent was investigated, with particular focus on the effect of the pH-induced conformational change on photocurrent efficiency. The films were characterized by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques, and were found to be very stable over time, also in contact with a solution. They were also able to generate current under illumination, with an efficiency that is the highest recorded so far with biomolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kubitzky
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Technische Hochschule Wildau, Wildau, 15745, Germany
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lettieri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
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19
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Bertran A, Henbest KB, De Zotti M, Gobbo M, Timmel CR, Di Valentin M, Bowen AM. Light-Induced Triplet-Triplet Electron Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:80-85. [PMID: 33306382 PMCID: PMC8016185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a new technique, light-induced triplet-triplet electron resonance spectroscopy (LITTER), which measures the dipolar interaction between two photoexcited triplet states, enabling both the distance and angular distributions between the two triplet moieties to be determined on a nanometer scale. This is demonstrated for a model bis-porphyrin peptide that renders dipolar traces with strong orientation selection effects. Using simulations and density functional theory calculations, we extract distance distributions and relative orientations of the porphyrin moieties, allowing the dominant conformation of the peptide in a frozen solution to be identified. LITTER removes the requirement of current light-induced electron spin resonance pulse dipolar spectroscopy techniques to have a permanent paramagnetic moiety, becoming more suitable for in-cell applications and facilitating access to distance determination in unmodified macromolecular systems containing photoexcitable moieties. LITTER also has the potential to enable direct comparison with Förster resonance energy transfer and combination with microscopy inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Bertran
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin B. Henbest
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christiane R. Timmel
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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20
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De Zotti M, Sella L, Bolzonello A, Gabbatore L, Peggion C, Bortolotto A, Elmaghraby I, Tundo S, Favaron F. Targeted Amino Acid Substitutions in a Trichoderma Peptaibol Confer Activity against Fungal Plant Pathogens and Protect Host Tissues from Botrytis cinerea Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207521. [PMID: 33053906 PMCID: PMC7589190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal species belonging to the Trichoderma genus are commonly used as biocontrol agents against several crop pathogens. Among their secondary metabolites, peptaibols are helical, antimicrobial peptides, which are structurally stable even under extreme pH and temperature conditions. The promise of peptaibols as agrochemicals is, however, hampered by poor water solubility, which inhibits efficient delivery for practical use in crop protection. Using a versatile synthetic strategy, based on green chemistry procedures, we produced water-soluble analogs of the short-length peptaibol trichogin. Although natural trichogin was inactive against the tested fungal plant pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, and Penicillium expansum), three analogs completely inhibited fungal growth at low micromolar concentrations. The most effective peptides significantly reduced disease symptoms by B. cinerea on common bean and grapevine leaves and ripe grape berries without visible phytotoxic effects. An in-depth conformational analysis featuring a 3D-structure–activity relationship study indicated that the relative spatial position of cationic residues is crucial for increasing peptide fungicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (I.E.); (S.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Angela Bolzonello
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (I.E.); (S.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Laura Gabbatore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Bortolotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (C.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (I.E.); (S.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Ibrahim Elmaghraby
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (I.E.); (S.T.); (F.F.)
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Organic Agriculture 9, Cairo Univ. St., Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (I.E.); (S.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; (L.S.); (A.B.); (I.E.); (S.T.); (F.F.)
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21
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De Zotti M, Corvi G, Gatto E, Di Napoli B, Mazzuca C, Palleschi A, Placidi E, Biondi B, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Venanzi M. Controlling the Formation of Peptide Films: Fully Developed Helical Peptides are Required to Obtain a Homogenous Coating over a Large Area. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1688-1696. [PMID: 31943881 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of conformational dynamics on the self-assembly process of a conformationally constrained analogue of the natural antimicrobial peptide Trichogin GA IV was analysed by spectroscopic methods, microscopy imaging at nanometre resolution, and molecular dynamics simulations. The formation of peptide films at the air/water interface and their deposition on a graphite or a mica substrate were investigated. A combination of experimental evidence with molecular dynamics simulation was used to demonstrate that only the fully developed helical structure of the analogue promotes formation of ordered aggregates that nucleate the growth of micrometric rods, which give rise to homogenous coating over wide regions of the hydrophilic mica. This work proves the influence of helix flexibility on peptide self-organization and orientation on surfaces, key steps in the design of bioinspired organic/inorganic hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Corvi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Di Napoli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- ISM Unit, CNR, Department of Physics, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
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22
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Golysheva EA, Samoilova RI, De Zotti M, Toniolo C, Formaggio F, Dzuba SA. Electron spin echo detection of stochastic molecular librations: Non-cooperative motions on solid surface. J Magn Reson 2019; 309:106621. [PMID: 31669794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In frozen biological media and molecular glasses only restricted motions exist; because of the weakness and disorder of intermolecular bonds these motions may have stochastic nature. Electron spin echo (ESE) spectroscopy of spin-labeled molecules allows detecting their restricted stochastic rotations (stochastic molecular librations). As in molecular disordered media motions may be highly cooperative, it would be desirable to investigate their spectroscopic manifestation also in the systems where cooperative effects would be certainly ruled out. In this work, ESE of spin-labeled molecules adsorbed on inorganic SiO2 surface was investigated in a wide temperature range. The rate of motion-induced spin relaxation was found to become measurable above 130 K, increasing with temperature and attaining then a saturating behavior with a well-defined maximum near 250 K. For two types of molecules differing remarkably in their size and polarity (a small highly-polar nitroxide radical and a large spin-labeled peptide), quite similar results were obtained. This saturating behavior was quantitatively reproduced in simulations within a simple model of jump between two close orientations. Comparison with experiment allowed estimate that at 250 K the correlation time of the motion τc is of the order of several tens of nanoseconds and the angle α between two orientations is around 0.02 rad. As the found saturating behavior is a property of individual motions, for any other molecular system an excess of the spin relaxation rate above the maximum found here for adsorbed molecules may be ascribed to cooperative motions. Comparison with literature data on molecular systems of different origin has shown that effects of cooperativity indeed are present and, moreover, may be very essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Golysheva
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma I Samoilova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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23
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Falvello L, Lotti P, Massera C, Tarantino SC, Zema M, Puschmann H, Agbahoungbata MY, Andreo J, Sahadevan SA, Bismuto A, Bonfant G, Bonou SAS, Carraro C, Zotti MD, Biase AD, Fantini R, Ferraboschi I, Custodio JMF, Frigerio M, Gallo G, Gjyli S, Goudjil M, Igoa F, Kahveci E, Kalienko M, Lorenzon S, Macera L, Fajardo JJM, Nushi E, Ouaatta S, Parisi E, Pasqualetto L, Pesko E, Pierri G, Pinalli R, Poppe R, Santoro A, Smirnova E, Sorbara S, Tensi L, Tusha G. Poly[(μ 4-phenylphosphonato)zinc(II)]. IUCr Data 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314619012227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title two-dimensional coordination polymer, [Zn(C6H5PO3)]
n
, was synthesized serendipitously by reacting a tetraphosphonate cavitand Tiiii[C3H7, CH3, C6H5] and Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O in a DMF/H2O mixture. The basic conditions of the reaction cleaved the phosphonate bridges at the upper rim of the cavitand, making them available for reaction with the zinc ions. The coordination polymer can be described as an inorganic layer in which zinc coordinates the oxygen atoms of the phosphonate groups in a distorted tetrahedral environment, while the phenyl groups, which are statistically disordered over two orientations, point up and down with respect to the layer. The layers interact through van der Waals interactions. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin.
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24
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De Zotti M, Syryamina VN, Hussain R, Longo E, Siligardi G, Dzuba SA, Stella L, Formaggio F. A Temperature-Driven, Reversible, Helical-Handedness Inversion in Peptaibol Analogues Tuned by the C-Terminal Capping Moiety. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2125-2132. [PMID: 31095838 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trichogin is a natural peptide endowed with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. A member of the peptaibol family, trichogin possesses a C-terminal amino alcohol. In the past, this moiety was substituted for a methyl ester for synthetic purposes and it was observed that this apparently slight modification caused significant changes in the peptide bioactivity. With the aim of understanding the reasons behind such observations, a detailed spectroscopic study on a number of trichogin analogues has been performed. Herein, data obtained from synchrotron radiation circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy in organic solvents at cryogenic temperatures are compared with those independently acquired by means of EPR spectroscopy at 80 K. It is unambiguously revealed that the presence of a reversible, temperature-driven, screw-sense interconversion from a right- to left-handed helix is determined by the C-terminal capping moiety. Data demonstrate, for the first time, the key role of a C-terminal methyl ester in promoting peptide screw-sense inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Victoria N Syryamina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Ulitsa Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Ulitsa Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Edoardo Longo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Ulitsa Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Ulitsa Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della ricerca scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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25
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Salnikov ES, De Zotti M, Bobone S, Mazzuca C, Raya J, Siano AS, Peggion C, Toniolo C, Stella L, Bechinger B. Trichogin GA IV Alignment and Oligomerization in Phospholipid Bilayers. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2141-2150. [PMID: 31125169 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichogin GA IV is a short peptaibol with antimicrobial activity. This uncharged, but amphipathic, sequence is aligned at the membrane interface and undergoes a transition to an aggregated state that inserts more deeply into the membrane, an assembly that predominates at a peptide-to-lipid ratio (P/L) of 1:20. In this work, the natural trichogin sequence was prepared and reconstituted into oriented lipid bilayers. The 15 N NMR chemical shift is indicative of a well-defined alignment of the peptide parallel to the membrane surface at P/Ls of 1:120 and 1:20. When the P/L is increased to 1:8, an additional peptide topology is observed that is indicative of a heterogeneous orientation, with helix alignments ranging from around the magic angle to perfectly in-plane. The topological preference of the trichogin helix for an orientation parallel to the membrane surface was confirmed by attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, 19 F CODEX experiments were performed on a trichogin sequence with 19 F-Phe at position 10. The CODEX decay is in agreement with a tetrameric complex, in which the 19 F sites are about 9-9.5 Å apart. Thus, a model emerges in which the monomeric peptide aligns along the membrane surface. When the peptide concentration increases, first dimeric and then tetrameric assemblies form, made up from helices oriented predominantly parallel to the membrane surface. The formation of these aggregates correlates with the release of vesicle contents including relatively large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Salnikov
- Institut de Chimie, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marta De Zotti
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR', Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bobone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesus Raya
- Institut de Chimie, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alvaro S Siano
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Ruta Nacional N° 168, Km 472, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Cristina Peggion
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR', Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR', Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Institut de Chimie, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Gatto E, Kubitzky S, Schriever M, Cesaroni S, Mazzuca C, Marafon G, Venanzi M, De Zotti M. Building Supramolecular DNA-Inspired Nanowires on Gold Surfaces: From 2D to 3D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7308-7312. [PMID: 30908767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three building blocks have been designed to chemically link to a gold surface and vertically self-assemble through thymine-adenine hydrogen bonds. Starting from these building blocks, two different films were engineered on gold surface. Film 1 consists of adenine linked to lipoic acid (Lipo-A) to covalently bind to the gold surface, and ZnTPP linked to a thymine (T-ZnTPP). Film 2 has an additional noncovalently linked layer: a helical undecapeptide analogue of the trichogin GA IV peptide, in which four glycines were replaced by four lysines to favor a helical conformation and reduce flexibility and the two extremities were functionalized with thymine and adenine to enable Lipo-A and T-ZnTPP binding, respectively. These films were characterized by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques, and were very stable over time and when in contact with solution. Under illumination, they could generate current with higher efficiency than similar previously described systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sascha Kubitzky
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Technische Hochschule Wildau, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Marc Schriever
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Technische Hochschule Wildau, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Simona Cesaroni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marafon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
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27
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Messina GML, Di Napoli B, De Zotti M, Mazzuca C, Formaggio F, Palleschi A, Marletta G. Molecular Sponge: pH-Driven Reversible Squeezing of Stimuli-Sensitive Peptide Monolayers. Langmuir 2019; 35:4813-4824. [PMID: 30864802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic change of structure, thickness, and density, with pH switching from acidic (pH = 3) to basic (pH = 11) condition, has been revealed for chemisorbed monolayers of the peptide Lipo-Aib-Lys-Leu-Aib-Lys-Lys-Leu-Aib-Lys-Ile-Lol, a trichogin GA IV-analogue carrying Lys residues instead of Gly ones at positions 2, 5, 6, and 9, while a homologous peptide not containing Lys residues does not show any response to pH changes. Experimental and theoretical results, obtained by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, surface plasmon resonance, nanoplasmonic sensing technique, Fourier transform infrared-reflection attenuated spectroscopy and dynamic force spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations provide detailed information on the overall monolayer structure changes with pH, including the analysis of the intra- and interchain peptide dynamics, the structure of the peptide layer/water/solid interface, as well as the position and role of solvation and nonsolvation water. The observed stimuli-responsive behavior of L1 peptide monolayers is accounted in terms of the occurrence of a pH-induced wetting/dewetting process, due to the pH-induced switching of the hydrophilic character of charged lysine groups to hydrophobic one of the same uncharged groups, along the peptide chain. This behavior in turn promotes the collective change of the aggregation state of the peptide chains. The present results may pave the way to critically reexamine the mechanism of stimuli-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M L Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Benedetta Di Napoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- CB Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- CB Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
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28
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Zanella S, Bocchinfuso G, De Zotti M, Arosio D, Marino F, Raniolo S, Pignataro L, Sacco G, Palleschi A, Siano AS, Piarulli U, Belvisi L, Formaggio F, Gennari C, Stella L. Rational Design of Antiangiogenic Helical Oligopeptides Targeting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors. Front Chem 2019; 7:170. [PMID: 30984741 PMCID: PMC6449863 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, essential for cancer development, is regulated mainly by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs), which are overexpressed in cancer cells. Therefore, the VEGF/VEGFR interaction represents a promising pharmaceutical target to fight cancer progression. The VEGF surface interacting with VEGFRs comprises a short α-helix. In this work, helical oligopeptides mimicking the VEGF-C helix were rationally designed based on structural analyses and computational studies. The helical conformation was stabilized by optimizing intramolecular interactions and by introducing helix-inducing Cα,α-disubstituted amino acids. The conformational features of the synthetic peptides were characterized by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance, and their receptor binding properties and antiangiogenic activity were determined. The best hits exhibited antiangiogenic activity in vitro at nanomolar concentrations and were resistant to proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Zanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Raniolo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sacco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alvaro S Siano
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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29
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Abstract
Diethylglycine (Deg) homopeptides adopt the rare 2.05-helical conformation, the longest three-dimensional structure that a peptide of a given sequence can adopt. Despite this unique conformational feature, Deg is rarely used in peptide design because of its poor reactivity. In this paper, we show that reductive desulfurization of oligomers formed from more reactive tetrahydrothiopyran-containing precursors provides a practical way to build the longest Deg homopeptides so far made, and we detail some conformational studies of the Deg oligomers and their heterocyclic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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30
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Afanasyeva EF, Syryamina VN, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Dzuba SA. Peptide antibiotic trichogin in model membranes: Self-association and capture of fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1861:524-531. [PMID: 30550880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial action of peptides in bacterial membranes is commonly related to their mode of self-assembling which results in pore formation. To optimize peptide antibiotic use for therapeutic purposes, a study on the concentration dependence of self-assembling process is thus desirable. In this work, we investigate this dependence for peptaibol trichogin GA IV (Tric) in the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) model membrane in the range of peptide concentrations between 0.5 and 3.3 mol%. Pulsed double electron-electron resonance (PELDOR) applied on spin-labeled peptide analogs highlights the onset of peptide dimerization above a critical peptide concentration value, namely ~ 2 mol%. Electron spin echo (ESE) envelope modulation (ESEEM) for D2O-hydrated bilayers shows that dimerization is accompanied by peptide re-orientation towards a trans-membrane disposition. For spin-labeled stearic acids (5-DSA) in POPC bilayers, the study of ESE decays and ESEEM in the presence of a deuterated peptide analog indicates that above the critical peptide concentration the 5-DSA molecules are attracted by peptide molecules, forming nanoclusters. As the 5-DSA molecules represent a model for the behavior of fatty acids participating in bacterial membrane homeostasis, such capturing action by Tric may represent an additional mechanism of its antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina F Afanasyeva
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria N Syryamina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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31
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Gatto E, Palleschi ME, Zangrilli B, De Zotti M, Di Napoli B, Palleschi A, Mazzuca C, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Venanzi M. The several facets of Trichogin GA IV: High affinity Tb(III) binding properties. A spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation study. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
| | - Maria Elena Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
| | - Beatrice Zangrilli
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PadovaPadova35131 Italy
| | - Benedetta Di Napoli
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PadovaPadova35131 Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PadovaPadova35131 Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome00133 Italy
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32
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De Zotti M, Muzzi B, Gatto E, Di Napoli B, Mazzuca C, Palleschi A, Placidi E, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Venanzi M. Tuning the Morphology of Nanostructured Peptide Films by the Introduction of a Secondary Structure Conformational Constraint: A Case Study of Hierarchical Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6305-6313. [PMID: 29792795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature. It governs the organization of proteins, controlling their folding kinetics and preserving their structural stability and bioactivity. In this connection, model oligopeptides may give important insights into the molecular mechanisms and elementary forces driving the formation of supramolecular structures. In this contribution, we show that a single residue substitution, that is, Aib (α-aminoisobutyric acid) in place of Ala at position 4 of an -(l-Ala)5-homo-oligomer, strongly alters the aggregation process. In particular, this process is initiated by the formation of small peptide clusters that promote aggregation on the nanometer scale and, through a hierarchical self-assembly, lead to mesoscopic structures of micrometric dimensions. Furthermore, we show that the use of the well-established Langmuir-Blodgett technique represents an effective strategy for coating extended areas of inorganic substrates by densely packed peptide layers, thus paving the way for application of peptide films as templates for biomineralization, biocompatible coating of surfaces, and scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Beatrice Muzzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Benedetta Di Napoli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- ISM Unit, CNR, Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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33
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Syryamina VN, De Zotti M, Toniolo C, Formaggio F, Dzuba SA. Alamethicin self-assembling in lipid membranes: concentration dependence from pulsed EPR of spin labels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3592-3601. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial action of the peptide antibiotic alamethicin (Alm) is commonly related to peptide self-assembling resulting in the formation of voltage-dependent channels in bacterial membranes, which induces ion permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N. Syryamina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
| | - Sergei A. Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
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34
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Biondi B, Peggion C, De Zotti M, Pignaffo C, Dalzini A, Bortolus M, Oancea S, Hilma G, Bortolotti A, Stella L, Pedersen JZ, Syryamina VN, Tsvetkov YD, Dzuba SA, Toniolo C, Formaggio F. Conformational properties, membrane interaction, and antibacterial activity of the peptaibiotic chalciporin A: Multitechnique spectroscopic and biophysical investigations on the natural compound and labeled analogs. Biopolymers 2017; 110. [PMID: 29127716 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, an extensive set of spectroscopic and biophysical techniques (including FT-IR absorption, CD, 2D-NMR, fluorescence, and CW/PELDOR EPR) was used to study the conformational preferences, membrane interaction, and bioactivity properties of the naturally occurring synthetic 14-mer peptaibiotic chalciporin A, characterized by a relatively low (≈20%), uncommon proportion of the strongly helicogenic Aib residue. In addition to the unlabeled peptide, we gained in-depth information from the study of two labeled analogs, characterized by one or two residues of the helicogenic, nitroxyl radical-containing TOAC. All three compounds were prepared using the SPPS methodology, which was carefully modified in the course of the syntheses of TOAC-labeled analogs in view of the poorly reactive α-amino function of this very bulky residue and the specific requirements of its free-radical side chain. Despite its potentially high flexibility, our results point to a predominant, partly amphiphilic, α-helical conformation for this peptaibiotic. Therefore, not surprisingly, we found an effective membrane affinity and a remarkable penetration propensity. However, chalciporin A exhibits a selectivity in its antibacterial activity not in agreement with that typical of the other members of this peptide class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular, Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Chiara Pignaffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalzini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Simona Oancea
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, 550012, Romania
| | - Geta Hilma
- Department of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Sibiu, 550012, Romania
| | - Annalisa Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Jens Z Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Victoria N Syryamina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri D Tsvetkov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Institute of Biomolecular, Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular, Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
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35
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De Zotti M, Wright K, d’Aboville E, Toffoletti A, Toniolo C, Longhi G, Mazzeo G, Abbate S, Formaggio F. Synthesis of Intrinsically Blue-Colored bis-Nitronyl Nitroxide Peptidomimetic Templates and Their Conformational Preferences as Revealed by a Combined Spectroscopic Analysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10033-10042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Karen Wright
- Institute
Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, University of Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Edouard d’Aboville
- Institute
Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, University of Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | | | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- ICB,
Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- ICB,
Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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36
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Salnikov ES, Raya J, De Zotti M, Zaitseva E, Peggion C, Ballano G, Toniolo C, Raap J, Bechinger B. Alamethicin Supramolecular Organization in Lipid Membranes from 19F Solid-State NMR. Biophys J 2017; 111:2450-2459. [PMID: 27926846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alamethicins (ALMs) are antimicrobial peptides of fungal origin. Their sequences are rich in hydrophobic amino acids and strongly interact with lipid membranes, where they cause a well-defined increase in conductivity. Therefore, the peptides are thought to form transmembrane helical bundles in which the more hydrophilic residues line a water-filled pore. Whereas the peptide has been well characterized in terms of secondary structure, membrane topology, and interactions, much fewer data are available regarding the quaternary arrangement of the helices within lipid bilayers. A new, to our knowledge, fluorine-labeled ALM derivative was prepared and characterized when reconstituted into phospholipid bilayers. As a part of these studies, C19F3-labeled compounds were characterized and calibrated for the first time, to our knowledge, for 19F solid-state NMR distance and oligomerization measurements by centerband-only detection of exchange (CODEX) experiments, which opens up a large range of potential labeling schemes. The 19F-19F CODEX solid-state NMR experiments performed with ALM in POPC lipid bilayers and at peptide/lipid ratios of 1:13 are in excellent agreement with molecular-dynamics calculations of dynamic pentameric assemblies. When the peptide/lipid ratio was lowered to 1:30, ALM was found in the dimeric form, indicating that the supramolecular organization is tuned by equilibria that can be shifted by changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Salnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jesus Raya
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marta De Zotti
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Zaitseva
- Department of Membrane Physiology and Technology, Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Peggion
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gema Ballano
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Raap
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg, France.
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37
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Marafon G, Menegazzo I, De Zotti M, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Moretto A. Tuning morphological architectures generated through living supramolecular assembly of a helical foldamer end-capped with two complementary nucleobases. Soft Matter 2017; 13:4231-4240. [PMID: 28509927 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00764g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two appropriately functionalized nucleobases, thymine and adenine, have been covalently linked at the N- and C-termini, respectively, of two α-aminoisobutyric acid-rich helical peptide foldamers, aiming at driving self-assembly through complementary recognition. A crystal-state analysis (by X-ray diffraction) on the shorter, achiral foldamer 1 unambiguously shows that adeninethymine base pairing, through Watson-Crick intermolecular H-bonding, does take place between either end of each peptide molecule. In the crystals, π-stacking between base pairs is also observed. Evidence for time-dependent foldameroldamer associations for the longer, chiral foldamer 2 in solution is provided by circular dichroism measurements. The self-assembly of foldamer 2, through living supramolecular polymerization, eventually leads to the formation of twisted fibers. Such a supramolecular organization can be affected by addition of either pristine adenine or thymine, that acts as a "terminator" by selectively matching a pairing nucleobase at one end of the foldamer. The co-assembly of foldamer 2 with a porphyrin-derivatized thymine, under appropriate experimental conditions, leads to the formation of vesicles which, in turn, can be converted to the fiber morphology by changing the environmental polarity. Conversely, dendrimeric, star polymer-like microstructures are generated when the supramolecular assembly of foldamer 2 is seeded by adenine-capped gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marafon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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38
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Bortolus M, Dalzini A, Maniero AL, Panighel G, Siano A, Toniolo C, De Zotti M, Formaggio F. Insights into peptide-membrane interactions of newly synthesized, nitroxide-containing analogs of the peptaibiotic trichogin GAIV using EPR. Biopolymers 2017; 108. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalzini
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Panighel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Alvaro Siano
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; Padova 35131 Italy
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39
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De Zotti M, Peggion C, Biondi B, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Endothioxopeptides: A conformational overview. Biopolymers 2016; 106:697-713. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; Padova 35131 Italy
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40
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Dalzini A, Bergamini C, Biondi B, De Zotti M, Panighel G, Fato R, Peggion C, Bortolus M, Maniero AL. The rational search for selective anticancer derivatives of the peptide Trichogin GA IV: a multi-technique biophysical approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24000. [PMID: 27039838 PMCID: PMC4819177 DOI: 10.1038/srep24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptaibols are peculiar peptides produced by fungi as weapons against other microorganisms. Previous studies showed that peptaibols are promising peptide-based drugs because they act against cell membranes rather than a specific target, thus lowering the possibility of the onset of multi-drug resistance, and they possess non-coded α-amino acid residues that confer proteolytic resistance. Trichogin GA IV (TG) is a short peptaibol displaying antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. In the present work, we studied thirteen TG analogues, adopting a multidisciplinary approach. We showed that the cytotoxicity is tuneable by single amino-acids substitutions. Many analogues maintain the same level of non-selective cytotoxicity of TG and three analogues are completely non-toxic. Two promising lead compounds, characterized by the introduction of a positively charged unnatural amino-acid in the hydrophobic face of the helix, selectively kill T67 cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. To explain the determinants of the cytotoxicity, we investigated the structural parameters of the peptides, their cell-binding properties, cell localization, and dynamics in the membrane, as well as the cell membrane composition. We show that, while cytotoxicity is governed by the fine balance between the amphipathicity and hydrophobicity, the selectivity depends also on the expression of negatively charged phospholipids on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Dalzini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Panighel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Maniero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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41
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Milov AD, Tsvetkov YD, Raap J, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Review conformation, self-aggregation, and membrane interaction of peptaibols as studied by pulsed electron double resonance spectroscopy. Biopolymers 2016; 106:6-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Milov
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Yuri D. Tsvetkov
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Jan Raap
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University; 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
| | | | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova 35131 Italy
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42
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Marafon G, Mosconi D, Mazzier D, Biondi B, De Zotti M, Moretto A. Shaping bioinspired photo-responsive microstructures by the light-driven modulation of selective interactions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective adenine–thymine binding occurring between complementary self-organized complex systems can be modulated by the activation of the plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marafon
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Dario Mosconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Daniela Mazzier
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Padova Unit
- CNR
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretto
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
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43
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Tavano R, Malachin G, De Zotti M, Peggion C, Biondi B, Formaggio F, Papini E. Comparison of bactericidal and cytotoxic activities of trichogin analogs. Data Brief 2015; 6:359-67. [PMID: 26862583 PMCID: PMC4706618 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptaibiotics are a group of membrane active peptides of fungal origin. They typically contain α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib; 1-letter code, U) and other non-coded residues (Toniolo and Brückner, 2009; Neumann et al., 2015; Benedett et al., 1982) [1], [2], [3] stabilizing their helical structure. Peptaibols are peptaibiotics carrying a 1, 2-aminoalcohol at the C-terminus. When a fatty acid chain (of 8–10 carbon atoms) is present at their N-terminus, they are called lipopeptaibols (Toniolo et al., 2001; Degenkolb et al., 2003) [4], [5]. We found (Tavano et al., 2015) [6] that the lipopeptaibol trichogin displays no antibacterial effects up to 64 µM, against both Gram− and Gram+ bacteria, but kills tumor and healthy human cells via a mechanism requiring both the C-terminal primary alcohol group and the N-terminal n-octanoyl moiety, with EC50s around 4–5 µM. However, the substitution of single Gly residues with Lys strongly improves anti-Gram+ activity (Tavano et al., 2015; De Zotti, Biondi, Park et al., 2012; De Zotti, Biondi, Peggion et al., 2012) [6], [7], [8]. To further characterize the activity of trichogin analogs as antibiotics and cytotoxic agents, we here manipulated the peptide helix amphipathicity by means of two different substitutions: (i) Aib to Leu (De Zotti et al., 2012) [7] or (ii) multiple Gly to Lys changes (Tavano et al., 2015; De Zotti, Biondi, Park et al., 2012; De Zotti, Biondi, Peggion, Formaggio et al., 2012; De Zotti, Biondi, Peggion, De Poli et al., 2012) [6], [7], [8], [9]. The antibacterial activity against four commensal or opportunistic bacterial species and the cytotoxicity against a panel of 9 healthy and tumor-derived eukaryotic cell types (including erythrocytes) are reported as MIC and EC50 (MTS - [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)]-2H-tetrazolium- reduction and LDH - lactate dehydrogenase - release assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Tavano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Malachin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Padova Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Bobone S, De Zotti M, Bortolotti A, Biondi B, Ballano G, Palleschi A, Toniolo C, Formaggio F, Stella L. The fluorescence and infrared absorption probepara-cyanophenylalanine: Effect of labeling on the behavior of different membrane-interacting peptides. Biopolymers 2015; 104:521-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bobone
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Annalisa Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Gema Ballano
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; 35131 Padova Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR; 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; 00133 Rome Italy
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De Zotti M, Ballano G, Jost M, Salnikov ES, Bechinger B, Oancea S, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Formaggio F. Solution synthesis, conformational analysis, and antimicrobial activity of three alamethicin F50/5 analogs bearing a trifluoroacetyl label. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1163-91. [PMID: 25146762 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We prepared, by solution-phase methods, and fully characterized three analogs of the membrane-active peptaibiotic alamethicin F50/5, bearing a single trifluoroacetyl (Tfa) label at the N-terminus, at position 9 (central region) or at position 19 (C-terminus), and with the three Gln at positions 7, 18, and 19 replaced by Glu(OMe) residues. To add the Tfa label at position 9 or 19, a γ-trifluoroacetylated α,γ-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) residue was incorporated as a replacement for the original Val(9) or Glu(OMe)(19) amino acid. We performed a detailed conformational analysis of the three analogs (using FT-IR absorption, CD, 2D-NMR, and X-ray diffraction), which clearly showed that Tfa labeling does not introduce any dramatic backbone modification in the predominantly α-helical structure of the parent peptaibiotic. The results of an initial solid-state (19)F-NMR study on one of the analogs favor the conclusion that the Tfa group is a very promising reporter for the analysis of peptaibioticmembrane interactions. Finally, we found that the antimicrobial activities of the three newly synthesized analogs depend on the position of the Tfa label in the peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova.
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Iftemi S, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Stella L, Luchian T. Electrophysiology investigation of Trichogin GA IV activity in planar lipid membranes reveals ion channels of well-defined size. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1069-77. [PMID: 25044592 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trichogin GA IV, an antimicrobial peptaibol, exerts its function by augmenting membrane permeability, but the molecular aspects of its pore-forming mechanism are still debated. Several lines of evidence indicate a 'barrel-stave' channel structure, similar to that of alamethicin, but the length of a trichogin helix is too short to span a normal bilayer. Herein, we present electrophysiology measurements in planar bilayers, showing that trichogin does form channels of a well-defined size (R=4.2⋅10(9) Ω; corresponding at least to a trimeric aggregate) that span the membrane and allow ion diffusion, but do not exhibit voltage-dependent rectification, unlike those of alamethicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorana Iftemi
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and Medical Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, 11, Blvd. Carol I, RO-700506 Iasi (phone: +40-232-201191)
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Crisma M, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Peggion C, Moretto A, Toniolo C. Handedness preference and switching of peptide helices. Part II: Helices based on noncodedα-amino acids. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:148-77. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB; Padova Unit; CNR Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Moretto
- ICB; Padova Unit; CNR Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB; Padova Unit; CNR Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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Crisma M, De Zotti M, Moretto A, Peggion C, Drouillat B, Wright K, Couty F, Toniolo C, Formaggio F. Single and multiple peptide γ-turns: literature survey and recent progress. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Published data on peptide isolated and repetitive γ-turns are reviewed. Advancements in our laboratories on these 3D-structures are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Crisma
- ICB
- Padova Unit
- CNR
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Padova
| | - Marta De Zotti
- ICB
- Padova Unit
- CNR
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Padova
| | | | | | - Bruno Drouillat
- ILV
- UMR CNRS 8180
- University of Versailles
- 78035 Versailles
- France
| | - Karen Wright
- ILV
- UMR CNRS 8180
- University of Versailles
- 78035 Versailles
- France
| | - François Couty
- ILV
- UMR CNRS 8180
- University of Versailles
- 78035 Versailles
- France
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB
- Padova Unit
- CNR
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Padova
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Torsello M, Orian L, De Zotti M, Saini R, Formaggio F, Polimeno A. Energetics of oxo- and thio-dipeptide formation via amino acid condensation: a systematic computational analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17515-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02680b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Zotti MD, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Peggion C, Moretto A, Toniolo C. Handedness preference and switching of peptide helices. Part I: Helices based on protein amino acids. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:307-22. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padua; Padua Italy
- ICB, Padua Unit; CNR; Italy
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