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Franco L, Isse AA, Barbon A, Altomare L, Hyppönen V, Rosa J, Olsson V, Kettunen M, Melone L. Redox Properties and in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cyclodextrin-Polynitroxides Contrast Agents. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300100. [PMID: 37431722 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and in vivo application of water-soluble supramolecular contrast agents (Mw: 5-5.6 kDa) for MRI obtained from β-cyclodextrin functionalized with different kinds of nitroxide radicals, both with piperidine structure (CD2 and CD3) and with pyrrolidine structure (CD4 and CD5). As to the stability of the radicals in presence of ascorbic acid, CD4 and CD5 have low second order kinetic constants (≤0.05 M-1 s-1 ) compared to CD2 (3.5 M-1 s-1 ) and CD3 (0.73 M-1 s-1 ). Relaxivity (r1 ) measurements on compounds CD3-CD5 were carried out at different magnetic field strength (0.7, 3, 7 and 9.4 T). At 0.7 T, r1 values comprised between 1.5 mM-1 s-1 and 1.9 mM-1 s-1 were found while a significant reduction was observed at higher fields (r1 ≈0.6-0.9 mM-1 s-1 at 9.4 T). Tests in vitro on HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells, L929 mouse fibroblasts and U87 glioblastoma cells indicated that all compounds were non-cytotoxic at concentrations below 1 μmol mL-1 . MRI in vivo was carried out at 9.4 T on glioma-bearing rats using the compounds CD3-CD5. The experiments showed a good lowering of T1 relaxation in tumor with a retention of the contrast for at least 60 mins confirming improved stability also in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Franco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Abdirisak Ahmed Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G.Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Viivi Hyppönen
- Metabolic MR Imaging, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jessica Rosa
- Metabolic MR Imaging, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Venla Olsson
- Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kettunen
- Metabolic MR Imaging, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G.Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca per l'Energia, l'Ambiente e il Territorio (CREAT), Università Telematica eCampus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060, Novedrate, Italy
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Morbiato L, Quaggia C, Menilli L, Dalla Torre C, Barbon A, De Zotti M. Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Antitumor Activity of the Naturally Occurring Antimicrobial Medium-Length Peptaibol Pentadecaibin and Spin-Labeled Analogs Thereof. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13396. [PMID: 37686199 PMCID: PMC10487733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptaibols are proteolysis-resistant, membrane-active peptides. Their remarkably stable helical 3D-structures are key for their bioactivity. They can insert themselves into the lipid bilayer as barrel staves, or lay on its surface like carpets, depending on both their length and the thickness of the lipid bilayer. Medium-length peptaibols are of particular interest for studying the peptide-membrane interaction because their length allows them to adopt either orientation as a function of the membrane thickness, which, in turn, might even result in an enhanced selectivity. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the election technique used to this aim, but it requires the synthesis of spin-labeled medium-length peptaibols, which, in turn, is hampered by the poor reactivity of the Cα-tetrasubstituted residues featured in their sequences. After several years of trial and error, we are now able to give state-of-the-art advice for a successful synthesis of nitroxide-containing peptaibols, avoiding deleted sequences, side reactions and difficult purification steps. Herein, we describe our strategy and itsapplication to the synthesis of spin-labeled analogs of the recently discovered, natural, medium-length peptaibol pentadecaibin. We studied the antitumor activity of pentadecaibin and its analogs, finding potent cytotoxicity against human triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Finally, our analysis of the peptide conformational preferences and membrane interaction proved that pentadecaibinspin-labeling does not alter the biological features of the native sequence and is suitable for further EPR studies. The nitroxide-containing pentadecaibins, and their synthetic strategy described herein, will help to shed light on the mechanism of the peptide-membrane interaction of medium-length peptaibols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morbiato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Celeste Quaggia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Dalla Torre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
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Carella A, Ciuti S, Wiedemann HTA, Kay CWM, van der Est A, Carbonera D, Barbon A, Poddutoori PK, Di Valentin M. The electronic structure and dynamics of the excited triplet state of octaethylaluminum(III)-porphyrin investigated with advanced EPR methods. J Magn Reson 2023; 353:107515. [PMID: 37364432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The photoexcited triplet state of octaethylaluminum(III)-porphyrin (AlOEP) was investigated by time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Electron Nuclear Double Resonance and Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation in an organic glass at 10 and 80 K. This main group element porphyrin is unusual because the metal has a small ionic radius and is six-coordinate with axial covalent and coordination bonds. It is not known whether triplet state dynamics influence its magnetic resonance properties as has been observed for some transition metal porphyrins. Together with density functional theory modelling, the magnetic resonance data of AlOEP allow the temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, D and E, and the proton AZZ hyperfine coupling (hfc) tensor components of the methine protons, in the zero-field splitting frame to be determined. The results provide evidence that the ZFS, hfc and spin-lattice relaxation are indeed influenced by the presence of a dynamic process that is discussed in terms of Jahn-Teller dynamic effects. Thus, these effects should be taken into account when interpreting EPR data from larger complexes containing AlOEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Carella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Ciuti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Haakon T A Wiedemann
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Arthur van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ciuti S, Carella A, Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Barbon A, Di Valentin M. Insights into the phototautomerism of free-base 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00413-5. [PMID: 37038020 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Phototautomerism in the excited states of free-base 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H2TPPS4-) has been investigated combining, for the first time, advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) with fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Triplet EPR spectroscopy, performed in protic and deuterated solvents and in the presence of photoselection, confirms the occurrence of phototautomerization and additionally suggests the formation of the cis tautomer as a minor component. The zero-field splitting parameters and triplet sublevel populations indicate that the process is slow in the triplet state. The results obtained by EPR combined with photoselection and fluorescence anisotropy have been interpreted within a model which accounts for a fast trans-trans tautomerization promoted by a spin-vibronic coupling mechanism for intersystem crossing, with an even distribution of the two trans tautomers at liquid nitrogen temperatures for H2TPPS4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Ciuti S, Toninato J, Barbon A, Zarrabi N, Poddutoori PK, van der Est A, Di Valentin M. Correction: Solvent dependent triplet state delocalization in a co-facial porphyrin heterodimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1372. [PMID: 36533862 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp90238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Solvent dependent triplet state delocalization in a co-facial porphyrin heterodimer' by Susanna Ciuti et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP04291F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Toninato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ciuti S, Toninato J, Barbon A, Zarrabi N, Poddutoori PK, van der Est A, Di Valentin M. Solvent dependent triplet state delocalization in a co-facial porphyrin heterodimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:30051-30061. [PMID: 36472461 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The excited triplet state of a cofacial aluminum(III) porphyrin-phosphorus(V) porphyrin heterodimer is investigated using transient EPR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. In the dimer, the two porphyrins are bound covalently to each other via a μ-oxo bond between the Al and P centres, which results in strong electronic interaction between the porphyrin rings. The spin polarized transient EPR spectrum of the dimer is narrower than the spectra of the constituent monomers and the magnitude of the zero-field splitting parameter D is solvent dependent, decreasing as the polarity of the solvent increases. The quantum chemical calculations show that the spin density of the triplet state is delocalized over both porphyrins, while magnetophotoselection measurements reveal that, in contrast to the value of D, the relative orientation of the ZFS axes and the excitation transition dipole moments are not solvent dependent. Together the results indicate that triplet state wavefunction is delocalized over both porphyrins and has a modest degree of charge-transfer character that increases with increasing solvent polarity. The sign of the spin polarization pattern of the dimer triplet state is opposite to that of the monomers. The positive sign of D predicted for the monomers and dimer by the quantum chemical calculations implies that the different signs of the spin polarization patterns is a result of a difference in the spin selectivity of the intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Toninato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Zhang X, Ivanov M, Wang Z, Bousquet MHE, Liu X, Wan Y, Zhao J, Barbon A, Escudero D, Jacquemin D, Fedin M. Confinement of the Triplet States in π‐Conjugated BODIPY Dimers Linked with Ethynylene or Butadiynylene Bridges: A Different View on the Effect of Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210419. [PMID: 36216789 PMCID: PMC10092165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of the excited state wavefunction confinement is crucial for the engineering of the photophysical properties and applications of organic chromophores. In the present contribution, the localization of the triplet state wavefunctions of some symmetric ethyne/butadiyne bridged BODIPY dimers and asymmetric BODIPY derivatives presenting extended π-conjugation frameworks is studied with time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory computations. Based on the Zero Field Splitting D parameters, we conclude that the triplet state wavefunctions are highly localized on one BODIPY unit in the symmetric dimers, which is consistent with the ab initio modelling that finds delocalized triplet state destabilized by 12-14 kcal mol-1 as compared to its localized counterpart. The result provides a new insight into the study of triplet excited state confinement and the design of molecular wires or photosensitizers for photovoltaics and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS Institutskaya Str., 3A 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova str. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | | | - Xi Liu
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 44300 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France 75005 Paris France
| | - Matvey Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS Institutskaya Str., 3A 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova str. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
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Zhang X, Ivanov M, Wang Z, Bousquet MHE, Liu X, Wan Y, Zhao J, Barbon A, Escudero D, Jacquemin D, Fedin M. Confinement of the Triplet States in π‐Conjugated BODIPY Dimers Linked with Ethynylene or Butadiynylene Bridges: A Different View on the Effect of Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- Novosibirsk State University: Novosibirskij gosudarstvennyj universitet International Tomography Center RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Zhijia Wang
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Xi Liu
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yan Wan
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,E-208 West Campus,2 LingGong Road, Dalian116024, P. R. China. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Antonio Barbon
- University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Daniel Escudero
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Chemistry BELGIUM
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- University of Nantes: Universite de Nantes Department of Chemistry FRANCE
| | - Matvey Fedin
- Novosibirsk State University: Novosibirskij gosudarstvennyj universitet International Tomography Center RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Yan Y, Bese D, Bese C, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG. Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor–Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203758. [PMID: 35384206 PMCID: PMC9543469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A. Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Damla Bese
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Cagri Bese
- Department of Physics Engineering Hacettepe University 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Violeta K. Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Yan Y, Bese D, Bese C, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG. Frontispiece: Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor–Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202283362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A. Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Damla Bese
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Cagri Bese
- Department of Physics Engineering Hacettepe University 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Violeta K. Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Yan Y, Bese D, Bese C, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG. Frontispiz: Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor–Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202283362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A. Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Damla Bese
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Cagri Bese
- Department of Physics Engineering Hacettepe University 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Violeta K. Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
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Ciuti S, Agostini A, Barbon A, Bortolus M, Paulsen H, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. Magnetophotoselection in the Investigation of Excitonically Coupled Chromophores: The Case of the Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Protein. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123654. [PMID: 35744779 PMCID: PMC9227413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A magnetophotoselection (MPS) investigation of the photoexcited triplet state of chlorophyll a both in a frozen organic solvent and in a protein environment, provided by the water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP) of Lepidium virginicum, is reported. The MPS experiment combines the photoselection achieved by exciting with linearly polarized light with the magnetic selection of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, allowing the determination of the relative orientation of the optical transition dipole moment and the zero-field splitting tensor axes in both environments. We demonstrate the robustness of the proposed methodology for a quantitative description of the excitonic interactions among pigments. The orientation of the optical transition dipole moments determined by the EPR analysis in WSCP, identified as an appropriate model system, are in excellent agreement with those calculated in the point-dipole approximation. In addition, MPS provides information on the electronic properties of the triplet state, localized on a single chlorophyll a pigment of the protein cluster, in terms of orientation of the zero-field splitting tensor axes in the molecular frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ciuti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becher-Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.V.); (D.C.); Tel.: +39-0498275139 (M.D.V.); +39-0498275144 (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.V.); (D.C.); Tel.: +39-0498275139 (M.D.V.); +39-0498275144 (D.C.)
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13
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Abstract
Measuring distances in biology at the molecular level is of great importance for understanding the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules and their complexes. Pulsed Dipolar Spectroscopy (PDS) offers advantages with respect to other methods as it is uniquely sensitive and specific to electronic spin centers and allows measurements in near-native conditions, comprising the in-cell environment. PDS methods measure the electron spin-spin dipolar interaction, therefore they require the presence of at least two paramagnetic centers, which are often stable radicals. Recent developments have introduced transient triplet states, photo-activated by a laser pulse, as spin labels and probes, thereby establishing a new family of techniques-Light-induced PDS (LiPDS). In this chapter, an overview of these methods is provided, looking at the chromophores that can be used for LiPDS and some of the technical aspects of the experiments. A guide to the choice of technique that can yield the best results, depending on the type of system studied and the information required, is provided. Examples of previous LiPDS studies of model systems and proteins are given. Characterization data for the chromophores used in these studies is tabulated to help selection of appropriate triplet state probes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Bertran
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice M Bowen
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; EPSRC National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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14
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Yan Y, Bese D, Bese C, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG. Long‐Lived Charge‐Transfer State in Spiro Compact Electron Donor–Acceptor Dyads Based on Pyromellitimide‐Derived Rhodamine: Charge Transfer Dynamics and Electron Spin Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A. Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Damla Bese
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
| | - Cagri Bese
- Department of Physics Engineering Hacettepe University 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Violeta K. Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Engineering Ankara University 06100, Beşevler Ankara Turkey
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15
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Pini F, Francés-Soriano L, Peruffo N, Barbon A, Hildebrandt N, Natile MM. Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Luminescence Quenching in Small Upconversion Nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11883-11894. [PMID: 35213132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) have become one of the most promising nanomaterials for biosensing, imaging, and theranostics. However, their ultimate translation into robust luminescent probes for daily use in biological and medical laboratories requires comprehension and control of the many possible deactivation pathways that cause upconversion luminescence (UCL) quenching. Here, we demonstrate that thorough modeling of UCL rise and decay kinetics using a freely accessible software can identify the UCL quenching mechanisms in small (<40 nm) UCNCs with spatial and temporal resolution. Applied to the most relevant β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNCs, our model showed that only a few distinct nonradiative low-energy transitions were deactivated via specific solvent and ligand vibrations with a strong downstream effect on the population and depopulation dynamics of the emitting states. UCL quenching could penetrate ca. 4 nm inside the UCNC, which resulted in significant size-dependent changes of UCL intensities and spectra. Despite the large surface-to-volume ratios and UCL quenching via the UCNC surface, we found strong contributions of the outer layers to the overall UCL, which will be highly important for the design of UCNPs to investigate biomolecular interactions via distance-dependent energy transfer methods. Our advanced kinetic model is easily scalable to different UCNC architectures, environments, and energy transfer interactions such that relatively simple modeling of UCL kinetics can be used for efficiently optimizing UCNCs for their final application as practical luminescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pini
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Reactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR 3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie dell'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Laura Francés-Soriano
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Reactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR 3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie dell'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Reactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR 3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Marta Maria Natile
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie dell'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
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16
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Biondi B, Syryamina VN, Rocchio G, Barbon A, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Raap J, Dzuba SA. Is Cys(MTSL) the Best α-Amino Acid Residue to Electron Spin Labeling of Synthetically Accessible Peptide Molecules with Nitroxides? ACS Omega 2022; 7:5154-5165. [PMID: 35187331 PMCID: PMC8851612 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, particularly its pulse technique double electron-electron resonance (DEER) (also termed PELDOR), is rapidly becoming an extremely useful tool for the experimental determination of side chain-to-side chain distances between free radicals in molecules fundamental for life, such as polypeptides. Among appropriate probes, the most popular are undoubtedly nitroxide electron spin labels. In this context, suitable biosynthetically derived, helical regions of proteins, along with synthetic peptides with amphiphilic properties and antibacterial activities, are the most extensively investigated compounds. A strict requirement for a precise distance measurement has been identified in a minimal dynamic flexibility of the two nitroxide-bearing α-amino acid side chains. To this end, in this study, we have experimentally compared in detail the side-chain mobility properties of the two currently most widely utilized residues, namely, Cys(MTSL) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC). In particular, two double-labeled, chemically synthesized 20-mer peptide molecules have been adopted as appropriate templates for our investigation on the determination of the model intramolecular separations. These double-Cys(MTSL) and double-TOAC compounds are both analogues of the almost completely rigid backbone peptide ruler which we have envisaged and 3D structurally analyzed as our original, unlabeled compound. Here, we have clearly found that the TOAC side-chain labels are largely more 3D structurally restricted than the MTSL labels. From this result, we conclude that the TOAC residue offers more precise information than the Cys(MTSL) residue on the side chain-to-side chain distance distribution in synthetically accessible peptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Biondi
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Victoria N. Syryamina
- Institute
of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Gabriele Rocchio
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Raap
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sergei A. Dzuba
- Institute
of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Department
of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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17
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Hussain M, El-Zohry AM, Hou Y, Toffoletti A, Zhao J, Barbon A, Mohammed OF. Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing of Compact Naphthalenediimide-Carbazole Electron-Donor-Acceptor Triads. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10813-10831. [PMID: 34542290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compact electron donor-acceptor triads based on carbazole (Cz) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). By variation of the molecular conformation and electron-donating ability of the carbazole moieties, the electronic coupling between the two units was tuned, and as a result charge-transfer (CT) absorption bands with different magnitudes were observed (ε = 4000-18 000 M-1 cm-1). Interestingly, the triads with NDI attached at the 3-C position or with a phenyl spacer at the N position of the Cz moiety, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was observed. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy indicated fast electron transfer (0.8-1.5 ps) from the Cz to NDI unit, followed by population of the triplet state (150-600 ps). Long-lived triplet states (up to τT = 45-50 μs) were observed for the triads. The solvent-polarity-dependent singlet-oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) is 0-26%. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectral study of TADF molecules indicated the presence of the 3CT state for NDI-Cz-Ph (zero-field-splitting parameter D = 21 G) and an 3LE state for NDI-Ph-Cz (D = 586 G). The triads were used as triplet photosensitizers in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion by excitation into the CT absorption band; the upconversion quantum yield was ΦUC = 8.2%, and there was a large anti-Stokes shift of 0.55 eV. Spatially confined photoexcitation is achieved with the upconversion using focusing laser beam excitation, and not the normally used collimated laser beam, i.e., the upconversion was only observed at the focal point of the laser beam. Photo-driven intermolecular electron transfer was demonstrated with reversible formation of the NDI-• radical anion in the presence of the sacrificial electron donor triethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushraf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.,NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ahmed M El-Zohry
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physics - AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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18
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Imran M, Zhang X, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhao J, Barbon A, Voronkova VK. Electron spin dynamics in excited state photochemistry: recent development in the study of intersystem crossing and charge transfer in organic compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15835-15868. [PMID: 34318823 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01937f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electron spin dynamics are crucial to photochemical and photophysical processes. However, to a large extent, they are neglected in routine photochemistry studies. Herein, we summarized the recent developments of electron spin dynamics in organic molecular systems. The electron-spin selective intersystem crossing (ISC) as well as charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR) of the organic molecular system are discussed, including ISC of the compounds with twisted π-conjugation frameworks and CR-induced ISC in compact orthogonal electron donor-acceptor dyads. We found that the electron spin polarization (ESP) of the triplet state formed in these systems is highly dependent on the molecular structure and geometry. The zero-field-splitting (ZFS) D and E parameters of the triplet state of series chromophores determined with time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy are presented. Some unanswered questions in related areas are raised, which may inspire further theoretical investigations. The examples demonstrate that the study of electron spin dynamics is not only important in fundamental photochemistry to attain in-depth understanding of the ISC and the charge transfer processes, but is also useful for designing new efficient organic molecular materials for applications including photodynamic therapy, organic light-emitting diodes, and photon upconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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19
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Yan Y, Sukhanov AA, Bousquet MHE, Guan Q, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Escudero D, Barbon A, Xing Y, Gurzadyan GG, Jacquemin D. Does Twisted π-Conjugation Framework Always Induce Efficient Intersystem Crossing? A Case Study with Benzo[ b]- and [ a]Phenanthrene-Fused BODIPY Derivatives and Identification of a Dark State. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6280-6295. [PMID: 34077214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties, especially the intersystem crossing (ISC) of two heavy-atom-free BODIPY derivatives with twisted π-conjugated frameworks (benzo[b]-fused BODIPY, BDP-B; and [a]phenanthrene-fused BODIPY, BDP-P), are studied with steady-state and time-resolved optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopic methods as well as with ADC(2) theoretical investigations. Interestingly, BDP-B has a planar π-conjugation framework, but it displays weaker UV-vis absorption (ε = 3.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 569 nm) and fluorescence (ΦF < 0.1%), a short-lived singlet-excited state (fluorescence lifetime, τF = 0.2 ns), and a long-lived triplet state (τT = 132.3 μs). In comparison, the more twisted BDP-P shows stronger UV-vis absorption (ε = 9.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 640 nm) and fluorescence (ΦF = 70%), longer singlet-excited-state lifetime (τF = 6.4 ns), and shorter triplet-state lifetime (τT = 18.9 μs). In contrast to helicenes (ΦT = ca. 90%), the ISC of BDP-P and BDP-B is nonefficient (ΦT < 23%). The electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the derivatives is different, manifested by the phase pattern of the TREPR spectra as AAEAEE and EEEAAA for BDP-B and BDP-P, respectively. The spatially confined T1 state wave function of the twisted molecule keeps the T1 state energy high (1.44-1.61 eV). A dark S1 state was identified for BDP-B. This work demonstrated that the twisted π-conjugated framework does not necessarily induce efficient ISC and we found a dark singlet state for BODIPY, which is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | | | - Qinglin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yongheng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44322, France
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Poggini L, Lunghi A, Collauto A, Barbon A, Armelao L, Magnani A, Caneschi A, Totti F, Sorace L, Mannini M. Chemisorption of nitronyl-nitroxide radicals on gold surface: an assessment of morphology, exchange interaction and decoherence time. Nanoscale 2021; 13:7613-7621. [PMID: 33881100 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A combined Tof-SIMS, XPS and STM characterization has been performed to study the deposition of a sulphur-functionalized nitronyl nitroxide radical on Au(111) clearly demonstrating the chemisorption of intact molecules. Continuous -wave EPR characterization showed that the radical molecules maintain their paramagnetic character. Pulsed EPR measurements allowed to determine the decoherence time of the nanostructure at 80 K, which turned out to be comparable to the one measured in frozen solution and longer than previously reported for many radicals and other paramagnetic molecules at much lower temperatures. Furthermore, we conducted a state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics study, suggesting different possible scenarios for chemisorption geometries and predicting the energetically favoured geometry. Calculation of the magnetic properties indicates a partial non-innocent role of the gold surface in determining the magnetic interactions between radicals in packed structures. This suggests that the observed EPR spectrum is to be attributed to low-density domains of disordered radicals interacting via dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Poggini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. and ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Lunghi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Padua, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Padua, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Research Unit, University of Padua, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council of Italy, ICMATE-CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy and Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, DSCTM - CNR, Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, and INSTM Research Unit, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Caneschi
- DIEF - Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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21
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Zarrabi N, Bayard BJ, Seetharaman S, Holzer N, Karr P, Ciuti S, Barbon A, Di Valentin M, van der Est A, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. A charge transfer state induced by strong exciton coupling in a cofacial μ-oxo-bridged porphyrin heterodimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:960-970. [PMID: 33367389 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers with high energy, long lasting charge-transfer states are important components in systems designed for solar energy conversion by multistep electron transfer. Here, we show that in a push-pull type, μ-oxo-bridged porphyrin heterodimer composed of octaethylporphyrinatoaluminum(iii) and octaethylporphyrinatophosphorus(v), the strong excitonic coupling between the porphyrins and the different electron withdrawing abilities of Al(iii) and P(v) promote the formation of a high energy CT state. Using, an array of optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods along with theoretical calculations, we demonstrate photodynamics of the heterodimer that involves the initial formation of a singlet CT which relaxes to a triplet CT state with a lifetime of ∼130 ps. The high-energy triplet CT state (3CT = 1.68 eV) lasts for nearly 105 μs prior to relaxing to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Brandon J Bayard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Noah Holzer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Paul Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, USA
| | - Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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22
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Wang Z, Toffoletti A, Hou Y, Zhao J, Barbon A, Dick B. Insight into the drastically different triplet lifetimes of BODIPY obtained by optical/magnetic spectroscopy and theoretical computations. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2829-2840. [PMID: 34164047 PMCID: PMC8179375 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The triplet state lifetimes of organic chromophores are crucial for fundamental photochemistry studies as well as applications as photosensitizers in photocatalysis, photovoltaics, photodynamic therapy and photon upconversion. It is noteworthy that the triplet state lifetime of a chromophore can vary significantly for its analogues, while the exact reason was rarely studied. Herein with a few exemplars of typical BODIPY derivatives, which show triplet lifetimes varying up to 110-fold (1.4–160 μs), we found that for these derivatives with short triplet state lifetimes (ca. 1–3 μs), the electron spin polarization (ESP) pattern of the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra of the triplet state is inverted at a longer delay time after laser pulse excitation, as a consequence of a strong anisotropy in the decay rates of the zero-field state sublevel of the triplet state. For the derivatives showing longer triplet state lifetimes (>50 μs), no such ESP inversion was observed. The observed fast decay of one sublevel is responsible for the short triplet state lifetime; theoretical computations indicate that it is due to a strong coupling between the Tz sublevel and the ground state mediated by the spin–orbit interaction. Another finding is that the heavy atom effect on the shortening of the triplet state lifetime is more significant for the T1 states with lower energy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study to rationalize the short triplet state lifetime of visible-light-harvesting organic chromophores. Our results are useful for fundamental photochemistry and the design of photosensitizers showing long-lived triplet states. The electron spin polarization inversion and anisotropic decay of triplet substates explain the short triplet state lifetime of BODIPY derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd. Dalian 116024 China
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd. Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd. Dalian 116024 China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
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23
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Cabrellon G, Tampieri F, Rossa A, Barbon A, Marotta E, Paradisi C. Application of Fluorescence-Based Probes for the Determination of Superoxide in Water Treated with Air Non-thermal Plasma. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2866-2875. [PMID: 32799531 PMCID: PMC8011984 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in non-thermal plasmas generated by electrical discharges in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. One important application of such plasmas is the activation of advanced oxidation processes for air and water decontaminating treatments. When in contact with aqueous media, ROS and notably superoxide can react at the plasma/liquid interface or transfer and react into the liquid. While the detection of superoxide in plasma-treated water has been reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, quantitative determinations are lacking. We report here the determination of superoxide rate of formation and steady-state concentration in water subjected to air non-thermal plasma in a streamer discharge reactor used previously to treat various organic contaminants. After detecting the presence of superoxide by spin-trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses, we applied superoxide-selective fluorescent probes to carry out quantitative determinations. The first probe tested, 3',6'-bis(diphenylphosphinyl) fluorescein (PF-1), was not sufficiently soluble, but the second one, fluorescein-bis-[(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)sulfonate iodide] (FMSI), was applied successfully. Under typical plasma operating conditions, the rate of superoxide formation and its steady-state concentration were (0.27 ± 0.15) μM s-1 and (0.007 ± 0.004) nM, respectively. The procedure outlined here can be usefully applied to detect and quantify superoxide in water treated by different plasma sources in various types of plasma reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cabrellon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Marotta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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24
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Schmallegger M, Barbon A, Bortolus M, Chemelli A, Bilkis I, Gescheidt G, Weiner L. Systematic Quantification of Electron Transfer in a Bare Phospholipid Membrane Using Nitroxide-Labeled Stearic Acids: Distance Dependence, Kinetics, and Activation Parameters. Langmuir 2020; 36:10429-10437. [PMID: 32787070 PMCID: PMC7586382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present a method to characterize the kinetics of electron transfer across the bilayer of a unilamellar liposome composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The method utilizes synthetic phospholipids containing noninvasive nitroxide spin labels having the >N-O• moiety at well-defined distances from the outer surface of the liposome to serve as reporters for their local environment and, at the same time, permit measurement of the kinetics of electron transfer. We used 5-doxyl and 16-doxyl stearic acids. The paramagnetic >N-O• moiety is photo-oxidized to the corresponding diamagnetic oxoammonium cation by a ruthenium electron acceptor formed in the solution. Electron transfer is monitored by three independent spectroscopic methods: by both steady-state and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance and by optical spectroscopy. These techniques allowed us to differentiate between the electron transfer rates of nitroxides located in the outer leaflet of the phospholipid bilayer and of those located in the inner leaflet. Measurement of electron transfer rates as a function of temperature revealed a low-activation barrier (ΔG‡ ∼ 40 kJ/mol) that supports a tunneling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmallegger
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Angela Chemelli
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Itzhak Bilkis
- Faculty
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Lev Weiner
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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25
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Wang Z, Huang L, Yan Y, El‐Zohry AM, Toffoletti A, Zhao J, Barbon A, Dick B, Mohammed OF, Han G. Elucidation of the Intersystem Crossing Mechanism in a Helical BODIPY for Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16114-16121. [PMID: 32449273 PMCID: PMC7540422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intersystem crossing (ISC) of triplet photosensitizers is a vital process for fundamental photochemistry and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we report the co-existence of efficient ISC and long triplet excited lifetime in a heavy atom-free bodipy helicene molecule. Via theoretical computation and time-resolved EPR spectroscopy, we confirmed that the ISC of the bodipy results from its twisted molecular structure and reduced symmetry. The twisted bodipy shows intense long wavelength absorption (ϵ=1.76×105 m-1 cm-1 at 630 nm), satisfactory triplet quantum yield (ΦT =52 %), and long-lived triplet state (τT =492 μs), leading to unprecedented performance as a triplet photosensitizer for PDT. Moreover, nanoparticles constructed with such helical bodipy show efficient PDT-mediated antitumor immunity amplification with an ultra-low dose (0.25 μg kg-1 ), which is several hundred times lower than that of the existing PDT reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology2 Ling Gong RoadDalian116024China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts01605USA
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology2 Ling Gong RoadDalian116024China
| | - Ahmed M. El‐Zohry
- Division of Physical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 135121PadovaItaly
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology2 Ling Gong RoadDalian116024China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 135121PadovaItaly
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische ChemieInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts01605USA
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26
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Bonetto R, Altieri R, Tagliapietra M, Barbon A, Bonchio M, Robert M, Sartorel A. Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to CO by a Competent Fe I Intermediate Bearing a Schiff Base Ligand. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:4111-4120. [PMID: 32657523 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron complexes with a N2 O2 -type N,N'-bis(salicylaldehyde)-1,2-phenylenediamine salophen ligand catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in acetonitrile with phenol as the proton donor, giving rise to 90-99 % selectivity, faradaic efficiency up to 58 %, and turnover frequency up to 103 s-1 at an overpotential of 0.65 V. This novel class of molecular catalyst for CO2 reduction operate through a mononuclear FeI intermediate, with phenol being involved in the process with first-order kinetics. The molecular nature of the catalyst and the low cost, easy synthesis and functionalization of the salophen ligand paves the way for catalyst engineering and optimization. Competitive electrodeposition of the coordination complex at the electrode surface results in the formation of iron-based nanoparticles, which are active towards heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes mainly leading to proton reduction to hydrogen (faradaic efficiency up to 80 %) but also to the direct reduction of CO2 to methane with a faradaic efficiency of 1-2 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Bonetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Altieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Mirko Tagliapietra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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27
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Wang Z, Huang L, Yan Y, El‐Zohry AM, Toffoletti A, Zhao J, Barbon A, Dick B, Mohammed OF, Han G. Elucidation of the Intersystem Crossing Mechanism in a Helical BODIPY for Low‐Dose Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ahmed M. El‐Zohry
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35121 Padova Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35121 Padova Italy
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
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28
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Zanut A, Fiorani A, Canola S, Saito T, Ziebart N, Rapino S, Rebeccani S, Barbon A, Irie T, Josel HP, Negri F, Marcaccio M, Windfuhr M, Imai K, Valenti G, Paolucci F. Insights into the mechanism of coreactant electrochemiluminescence facilitating enhanced bioanalytical performance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2668. [PMID: 32472057 PMCID: PMC7260178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful transduction technique with a leading role in the biosensing field due to its high sensitivity and low background signal. Although the intrinsic analytical strength of ECL depends critically on the overall efficiency of the mechanisms of its generation, studies aimed at enhancing the ECL signal have mostly focused on the investigation of materials, either luminophores or coreactants, while fundamental mechanistic studies are relatively scarce. Here, we discover an unexpected but highly efficient mechanistic path for ECL generation close to the electrode surface (signal enhancement, 128%) using an innovative combination of ECL imaging techniques and electrochemical mapping of radical generation. Our findings, which are also supported by quantum chemical calculations and spin trapping methods, led to the identification of a family of alternative branched amine coreactants, which raises the analytical strength of ECL well beyond that of present state-of-the-art immunoassays, thus creating potential ECL applications in ultrasensitive bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanut
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Andrea Fiorani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sofia Canola
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Toshiro Saito
- Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 312-8504, Japan
| | - Nicole Ziebart
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Rebeccani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Takashi Irie
- Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 312-8504, Japan
| | | | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Kyoko Imai
- Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 312-8504, Japan
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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29
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Zhao Y, Chen K, Yildiz EA, Li S, Hou Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhao J, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG, Wu H. Efficient Intersystem Crossing in the Tröger's Base Derived From 4‐Amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide and Application as a Potent Photodynamic Therapy Reagent. Chemistry 2020; 26:3591-3599. [PMID: 31916322 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Kepeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering PhysicsFaculty of EngineeringAnkara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara Turkey
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering &Key Laboratory of, Protein Modification and DiseaseDalian University of Technology Liaoning Province 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering PhysicsFaculty of EngineeringAnkara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara Turkey
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering &Key Laboratory of, Protein Modification and DiseaseDalian University of Technology Liaoning Province 116024 Dalian P. R. China
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30
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Barbon A, Dal Farra MG, Ciuti S, Albertini M, Bolzonello L, Orian L, Di Valentin M. Comprehensive investigation of the triplet state electronic structure of free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin by a combined advanced EPR and theoretical approach. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034201. [PMID: 31968969 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the photoexcited triplet state of free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS4-) has been investigated by advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques combined with quantum chemical calculations. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, D and E, the orientation of the transition dipole moment in the ZFS tensor frame, and the proton hyperfine couplings have been determined by magnetophotoselection-EPR and pulse electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. Both time-resolved and pulse experiments exploit the electron spin polarization of the photoexcited triplet state. Comparison of the magnetic observables with computational results, including CASSCF calculations of the ZFS interaction tensor, provides an accurate picture of the triplet-state electronic structure. The theoretical investigation has been integrated with a systematic analysis on the parent free-base porphyrin molecule to assess the effect of the sulfonatophenyl substituents on the magnetic tensors. Additionally, the magnetophotoselection effects are discussed in terms of tautomerization in the excited singlet state of H2TPPS4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Dal Farra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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31
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Tampieri F, Cabrellon G, Rossa A, Barbon A, Marotta E, Paradisi C. Comment on "Water-Soluble Fluorescent Probe with Dual Mitochondria/Lysosome Targetability for Selective Superoxide Detection in Live Cells and in Zebrafish Embryos". ACS Sens 2019; 4:3080-3083. [PMID: 31674770 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new water-soluble, fluorescein-based probe for the detection of superoxide radical anion in aqueous media was developed by Lu et al. (ACS Sens. 2018, 3, 59-64). The probe was proven to be selective for superoxide and was used successfully also in cells and zebrafish embryos. To characterize the response of the probe to superoxide, Lu et al. used KO2 dissolved in deionized water as a surrogate. In testing this probe in different applications, we repeated some of these experiments and came to realize that the fluorescence signal observed by the Authors in their experiments with KO2 was incorrectly attributed to the reaction of the probe with superoxide and is due instead to its reactions with HO- and HO2-. We show that indeed under the conditions used in these assays KO2 undergoes very fast reaction with water to form HO- and HO2-. On the other hand, by using a proper surrogate, namely, KO2 dissolved in DMSO, and spin trapping experiments, we confirmed the ability of the probe to detect superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tampieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cabrellon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Marotta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Grande S, Tampieri F, Nikiforov A, Giardina A, Barbon A, Cools P, Morent R, Paradisi C, Marotta E, De Geyter N. Radicals and Ions Formed in Plasma-Treated Organic Solvents: A Mechanistic Investigation to Rationalize the Enhancement of Electrospinnability of Polycaprolactone. Front Chem 2019; 7:344. [PMID: 31165059 PMCID: PMC6535498 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports and discusses the beneficial effects on the quality of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers brought about by pretreatment of the solvent with non-thermal plasma. Chloroform/dimethylformamide 9:1 (CHCl3:DMF 9:1) and pure chloroform were pretreated by a few minute exposure to the plasma generated by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). Interestingly, when pure chloroform was used, the advantages of plasma pretreatment of the solvent were way less pronounced than found with the CHCl3:DMF 9:1 mixture. The chemical modifications induced by the plasma in the solvents were investigated by means of complementary analytical techniques. GC-MS revealed the formation of solvent-derived volatile products, notably tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (C2H2Cl4), pentachloroethane (C2HCl5), hexachloroethane (C2Cl6) and, in the case of the mixed solvent, also N-methylformamide (C2H5NO). The chlorinated volatile products are attributed to reactions of ·Cl and Cl-containing methyl radicals and carbenes formed in the plasma-treated solvents. ·Cl and ·CCl3 radicals were detected and identified by EPR spectroscopy analyses. Ion chromatography revealed the presence of Cl-, NO 3 - , and HCOO- (the latter only in the presence of DMF) in the plasma-treated solvents, thus accounting for the observed increased conductivity and acidification of the solvent after plasma treatment. Mechanisms for the formation of these solvent derived products induced by plasma are proposed and discussed. The major role of radicals and ions in the plasma chemistry of chloroform and of the chloroform/dimethylformamide mixture is highlighted. The results provide insight into the interaction of plasma with organic solvents, a field so far little explored but holding promise for interesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grande
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Agata Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Pieter Cools
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rino Morent
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ester Marotta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Mobbili G, Crucianelli E, Barbon A, Marcaccio M, Pisani M, Dalzini A, Ussano E, Bortolus M, Stipa P, Astolfi P. Correction: Liponitroxides: EPR study and their efficacy as antioxidants in lipid membranes. RSC Adv 2019. [PMCID: PMC9073097 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra90073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Liponitroxides: EPR study and their efficacy as antioxidants in lipid membranes’ by Giovanna Mobbili et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 98955–98966.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Emanuela Crucianelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Michela Pisani
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalzini
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Eleonora Ussano
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
- Department of Material Sciences
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
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Toffoletti A, Wang Z, Zhao J, Tommasini M, Barbon A. Precise determination of the orientation of the transition dipole moment in a Bodipy derivative by analysis of the magnetophotoselection effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20497-20503. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise determination, in isotropic samples, of the electronic transition dipole moment orientation in the molecular frame by exploiting magnetophotoselection effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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Zerbi G, Barbon A, Bengalli R, Lucotti A, Catelani T, Tampieri F, Gualtieri M, D'Arienzo M, Morazzoni F, Camatini M. Graphite particles induce ROS formation in cell free systems and human cells. Nanoscale 2017; 9:13640-13650. [PMID: 28876004 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that the toxicity of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) is due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce biological damage in the exposed cells. It is also known that PM produced during the combustion processes consists of a carbonaceous core "dressed" with other organic and/or inorganic materials. In spite of this knowledge, the role of these materials in the production of ROS has not yet been clear. This work aims at understanding whether "naked" carbonaceous particles are capable of forming ROS either in cell-free or in-cell systems. The problem has been treated based on the data collected from pure graphite samples of different sizes obtained by ball-milling pure graphite for various lengths of time. The experimental approach considered Raman, ESR (spin trapping), cell viability and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. These techniques allowed us to carry out measurements both in cell and cell-free systems and the results consistently indicate that also pure naked carbonaceous particles can catalyze the electron transfer that produces superoxide ions. The process depends on the particle size and enlightens the role of the edges of the graphitic platelets. Evidence has been collected that even "naked" graphitic nanoparticles are capable of producing ROS and decreasing the cell viability thus representing a potential danger to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zerbi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Barbon A, Toffoletti A, Liu Y, An Y, Xu L, Karatay A, Yaglioglu HG, Yildiz EA, Hayvali M. Radical-Enhanced Intersystem Crossing in New Bodipy Derivatives and Application for Efficient Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7831-7842. [PMID: 28524657 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West
Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West
Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West
Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin An
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West
Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West
Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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Giorio C, Campbell SJ, Bruschi M, Tampieri F, Barbon A, Toffoletti A, Tapparo A, Paijens C, Wedlake AJ, Grice P, Howe DJ, Kalberer M. Online Quantification of Criegee Intermediates of α-Pinene Ozonolysis by Stabilization with Spin Traps and Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3999-4008. [PMID: 28201872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic alkenes, which are among the most abundant volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, are readily oxidized by ozone. Characterizing the reactivity and kinetics of the first-generation products of these reactions, carbonyl oxides (often named Criegee intermediates), is essential in defining the oxidation pathways of organic compounds in the atmosphere but is highly challenging due to the short lifetime of these zwitterions. Here, we report the development of a novel online method to quantify atmospherically relevant Criegee intermediates (CIs) in the gas phase by stabilization with spin traps and analysis with proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Ozonolysis of α-pinene has been chosen as a proof-of-principle model system. To determine unambiguously the structure of the spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs, the reaction was tested in solution, and reaction products were characterized with high-resolution mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DFT calculations show that addition of the Criegee intermediate to the DMPO spin trap, leading to the formation of a six-membered ring adduct, occurs through a very favorable pathway and that the product is significantly more stable than the reactants, supporting the experimental characterization. A flow tube set up has been used to generate spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs in the gas phase. We demonstrate that spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs also form in the gas phase and that they are stable enough to be detected with online mass spectrometry. This new technique offers for the first time a method to characterize highly reactive and atmospherically relevant radical intermediates in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Claudia Paijens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Wedlake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Grice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Minelli A, Magri C, Barbon A, Bonvicini C, Segala M, Congiu C, Bignotti S, Milanesi E, Trabucchi L, Cattane N, Bortolomasi M, Gennarelli M. Proteasome system dysregulation and treatment resistance mechanisms in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e687. [PMID: 26624926 PMCID: PMC5068581 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that allelic variants related to inflammation and the immune system may increase the risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and reduce patient responsiveness to antidepressant treatment. Proteasomes are fundamental complexes that contribute to the regulation of T-cell function. Only one study has shown a putative role of proteasomal PSMA7, PSMD9 and PSMD13 genes in the susceptibility to an antidepressant response, and sparse data are available regarding the potential alterations in proteasome expression in psychiatric disorders such as MDD. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of these genes in the mechanisms underlying the response/resistance to MDD treatment. We performed a case-control association study on 621 MDD patients, of whom 390 were classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and we collected peripheral blood cells and fibroblasts for mRNA expression analyses. The analyses showed that subjects carrying the homozygous GG genotype of PSMD13 rs3817629 had a twofold greater risk of developing TRD and exhibited a lower PSMD13 mRNA level in fibroblasts than subjects carrying the A allele. In addition, we found a positive association between PSMD9 rs1043307 and the presence of anxiety disorders in comorbidity with MDD, although this result was not significant following correction for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, by confirming the involvement of PSMD13 in the MDD treatment response, our data corroborate the hypothesis that the dysregulation of the complex responsible for the degradation of intracellular proteins and potentially controlling autoimmunity- and immune tolerance-related processes may be involved in several phenotypes, including the TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, Brescia 25123, Italy. E-mail:
| | - C Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Bonvicini
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Segala
- Psychiatric Hospital ‘Villa Santa Chiara', Verona, Italy
| | - C Congiu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Bignotti
- Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Milanesi
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Trabucchi
- Psychiatric Hospital ‘Villa Santa Chiara', Verona, Italy
| | - N Cattane
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Bortolomasi
- Psychiatric Hospital ‘Villa Santa Chiara', Verona, Italy
| | - M Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy,Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Mobbili G, Crucianelli E, Barbon A, Marcaccio M, Pisani M, Dalzini A, Ussano E, Bortolus M, Stipa P, Astolfi P. Liponitroxides: EPR study and their efficacy as antioxidants in lipid membranes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting lipid peroxidation on its own ground: the antioxidant activity of new synthesized lipid-functionalized nitroxides is maximized in the PUFA region and correlates with the nitroxide location within the lipid bilayer as found by EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Emanuela Crucianelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Michela Pisani
- Department of Materials
- Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalzini
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Eleonora Ussano
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
- Department of Material Sciences
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Materials
- Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Department of Materials
- Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
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Marrale M, Longo A, Barbon A, Brustolon M, Brai M. Radical distributions in ammonium tartrate single crystals exposed to photon and neutron beams. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 161:398-402. [PMID: 24591730 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The radiation therapy carried out by means of heavy charged particles (such as carbon ions) and neutrons is rapidly becoming widespread worldwide. The success of these radiation therapies relies on the high density of energy released by these particles or by secondary particles produced after primary interaction with matter. The biological damages produced by ionising radiations in tissues and cells depend more properly on the energy released per unit pathlength, which is the linear energy transfer and which determines the radiation quality. To improve the therapy effectiveness, it is necessary to grasp the mechanisms of free radical production and distribution after irradiation with these particles when compared with the photon beams. In this work some preliminary results on the analysis of the spatial distributions of the free radicals produced after exposure of ammonium tartrate crystals to various radiation beams ((60)Co gamma photons and thermal neutrons) were reported. Electron spin resonance analyses were performed by the electron spin echo technique, which allows the determination of local spin concentrations and by double electron-electron resonance technique, which is able to measure the spatial distance distribution (range 1.5-8 nm) among pairs of radicals in solids. The results of these analyses are discussed on the basis of the different distributions of free radicals produced by the two different radiation beams used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marrale
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy Gruppo V, INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy Gruppo V, INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy Sezione di Padova Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brustolon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy Sezione di Padova Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Brai
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy Gruppo V, INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Marrale M, Longo A, Brai M, Barbon A, Brustolon M. Discrimination of Radiation Quality Through Second Harmonic Out-of-Phase cw-ESR Detection. Radiat Res 2014; 181:184-92. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13436.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Marrale
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy and Gruppo V INFN Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Anna Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy and Gruppo V INFN Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Maria Brai
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy and Gruppo V INFN Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 64, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy, and Gruppo V INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Marina Brustolon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy, and Gruppo V INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, Padova, 35131, Italy
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Eliash T, Barbon A, Brustolon M, Sheves M, Bilkis I, Weiner L. Nitroxyl Radicals for Studying Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Eliash T, Barbon A, Brustolon M, Sheves M, Bilkis I, Weiner L. Nitroxyl radicals for studying electron transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8689-92. [PMID: 23818422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Eliash
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Collauto A, Barbon A, Zerbetto M, Brustolon M. An advanced approach to the evaluation of the spin-rotational term for a nitronyl nitroxide in fluid solution. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.798695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Barbon A, Hauser J, Berger R, Brustolon M, Hulliger J. Rotational disorder of bis(mesitylene)vanadium in channels of a triazine inclusion compound. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Collauto A, Barbon A, Brustolon M. First determination of the spin relaxation properties of a nitronyl nitroxide in solution by electron spin echoes at X-band: a comparison with Tempone. J Magn Reson 2012; 223:180-186. [PMID: 22975247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied by electron spin echo pulse methods the spin relaxation properties of a phenyl nitronyl nitroxide radical (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, PTIO) at X-band in fluid toluene solution in a wide temperature range, and in a water/glycerol 1:1 mixture near room temperature. The relaxation properties of PTIO have been compared with that of Tempone, as a widely used nitroxide. By a new procedure, based on experimental results on the temperature dependences of the relaxation times T(1) and T(2), and on the approximation of an isotropic brownian rotational diffusion, we separated non-secular, spin rotational and residual terms from the transverse relaxation rate to isolate secular and pseudosecular contributions. By comparing the results for the two radicals we found the differences in the magnetic properties that give rise to slower transverse (T(2)) and longitudinal (T(1)) electron spin relaxation for PTIO in the whole temperature range explored in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collauto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process with an important role in gene modification. This editing process involves site-selective deamination of adenosine into inosine in the pre-mRNA, leading to the alteration of translation codons and splicing sites in nuclear transcripts, thereby enabling functionally distinct proteins to arise from a single gene. One important instance is the neuron editing of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). GluRs play a key role in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS); their channel properties are largely dictated by the subunit composition of the tetrameric receptors. AMPA/kainate channels are assembled from GluA1-4 AMPA or GluK1-5 kainate receptor subunits. In particular, three of the four AMPA and two of the five kainate receptor subunits are subject to RNA editing. The editing positions have been named on the basis of the amino acid substitutions, such as the Q/R site in AMPA GluA2; the Q/R site in GluK1 and GluK2; the R/G site in GluA2, GluA3, and GluA4; and the I/V and Y/C sites in GluK2. These amino acid changes lead to profound alterations of the channel properties. This paper reviews the most relevant data showing the importance of glutamate receptor RNA editing in finely tuning glutamatergic neurotransmission in the normal CNS and following alterations of the editing process in association with disease phenotypes. Overall, these data indicate that a highly regulated process of glutamate receptor editing is of key importance in the proper function of neuronal cells and in their ability to adapt and modulate synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbon
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
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Collauto A, Mannini M, Sorace L, Barbon A, Brustolon M, Gatteschi D. A slow relaxing species for molecular spin devices: EPR characterization of static and dynamic magnetic properties of a nitronyl nitroxide radical. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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