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Huang R, Zhang P, Zhang X, Chen S, Sun J, Jiang X, Zhang D, Li H, Yi X, Qu L, Wang T, Gao K, Hall-Spencer JM, Adams J, Gao G, Lin X. Ocean acidification alters microeukaryotic and bacterial food web interactions in a eutrophic subtropical mesocosm. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119084. [PMID: 38823617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is known to influence biological and ecological processes, mainly focusing on its impacts on single species, but little has been documented on how OA may alter plankton community interactions. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with ambient (∼410 ppmv) and high (1000 ppmv) CO2 concentrations in a subtropical eutrophic region of the East China Sea and examined the community dynamics of microeukaryotes, bacterioplankton and microeukaryote-attached bacteria in the enclosed coastal seawater. The OA treatment with elevated CO2 affected taxa as the phytoplankton bloom stages progressed, with a 72.89% decrease in relative abundance of the protist Cercozoa on day 10 and a 322% increase in relative abundance of Stramenopile dominated by diatoms, accompanied by a 29.54% decrease in relative abundance of attached Alphaproteobacteria on day 28. Our study revealed that protozoans with different prey preferences had differing sensitivity to high CO2, and attached bacteria were more significantly affected by high CO2 compared to bacterioplankton. Our findings indicate that high CO2 changed the co-occurrence network complexity and stability of microeukaryotes more than those of bacteria. Furthermore, high CO2 was found to alter the proportions of potential interactions between phytoplankton and their predators, as well as microeukaryotes and their attached bacteria in the networks. The changes in the relative abundances and interactions of microeukaryotes between their predators in response to high CO2 revealed in our study suggest that high CO2 may have profound impacts on marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China
| | - Shouchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiazhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan; School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jonathan Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China.
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Dutkiewicz S, Boyd PW, Riebesell U. Exploring biogeochemical and ecological redundancy in phytoplankton communities in the global ocean. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1196-1213. [PMID: 33342048 PMCID: PMC7986797 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced alterations of oceanic conditions will lead to the ecological niches of some marine phytoplankton species disappearing, at least regionally. How will such losses affect the ecosystem and the coupled biogeochemical cycles? Here, we couch this question in terms of ecological redundancy (will other species be able to fill the ecological roles of the extinct species) and biogeochemical redundancy (can other species replace their biogeochemical roles). Prior laboratory and field studies point to a spectrum in the degree of redundancy. We use a global three-dimensional computer model with diverse planktonic communities to explore these questions further. The model includes 35 phytoplankton types that differ in size, biogeochemical function and trophic strategy. We run two series of experiments in which single phytoplankton types are either partially or fully eliminated. The niches of the targeted types were not completely reoccupied, often with a reduction in the transfer of matter from autotrophs to heterotrophs. Primary production was often decreased, but sometimes increased due to reduction in grazing pressure. Complex trophic interactions (such as a decrease in the stocks of a predator's grazer) led to unexpected reshuffling of the community structure. Alterations in resource utilization may cause impacts beyond the regions where the type went extinct. Our results suggest a lack of redundancy, especially in the 'knock on' effects on higher trophic levels. Redundancy appeared lowest for types on the edges of trait space (e.g. smallest) or with unique competitive strategies. Though highly idealized, our modelling findings suggest that the results from laboratory or field studies often do not adequately capture the ramifications of functional redundancy. The modelled, often counterintuitive, responses-via complex food web interactions and bottom-up versus top-down controls-indicate that changes in planktonic community will be key determinants of future ocean global change ecology and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Global Change ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Philip W. Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
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