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Zerhouni O, Flaudias V, Barré M, Rodgers RF. The effects of exposure to social media images of thin and average size women on body satisfaction among young women: Emotion regulation and self-efficacy as modulating factors. Body Image 2022; 43:292-300. [PMID: 36240693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although appearance comparison has emerged as an important mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of exposure to idealized social media images on body image among young women, little is known regarding the role of the direction of these comparisons. In addition, to date, little attention has been paid to the role of self-regulation processes in these effects. A sample of 260 female students (Mage = 19.6) from a University in Paris completed an online survey where they were randomly assigned to view thin-ideal or average size social media images of women. Participants reported on state body satisfaction before and after exposure, as well as state appearance comparison and direction of appearance comparison, and trait emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy. Findings revealed no main effect of condition. However, among participants who engaged in upwards appearance comparison the thin-ideal condition was associated with greater decreases in body satisfaction. In addition, three-way interactions revealed that emotional regulation difficulties and self-efficacy both further moderated these effects. These findings suggest that self-regulation processes may be important to account for in the effects of exposure to social media images on body satisfaction among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oulmann Zerhouni
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France; Université de Rouen Normandie, Centre de Recherche sur les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologiques (CRFDP, EA 7475), UFR SHS.
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Université de Nantes, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maréva Barré
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
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Munsch S, Forrer F, Naas A, Mueller V, Rubo M, Hannoun F, Mugellini E. Correlates of interpersonal emotion regulation problems in Loss of Control eating (LOC) in youth: study protocol of the combined online and App based questionnaire, laboratory and randomized controlled online intervention i-BEAT trial. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:193. [PMID: 34895337 PMCID: PMC8666071 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge Eating Disorder (BED) represents a common eating disorder associated with marked health impairments. A subclinical variant, loss of control eating (LOC) is prevalent in youth. LOC is associated with similar mental distress as full-blown BED, increases the risk to develop a BED and promotes continuous weight gain. The etiology of LOC is not yet fully understood and specialized treatment for youth is scarce. METHODS The i-BEAT study includes a cross-sectional and longitudinal online questionnaire study (N = 600), an App based daily-life approach and a laboratory virtual reality study in N = 60 youths (14-24 years) with and without LOC as well as a controlled randomized online treatment trial to investigate the feasibility, acceptance and efficacy of a CBT and an interpersonal emotion regulation module for youth (N = 120). The primary outcomes include self-reported as well as measured (heart rate variability, gaze behavior, reaction times in stop signal task) associations between emotion regulation problems (such as dealing with RS), psychological impairment and binge eating in a healthy control group and youth with LOC. Secondary outcomes encompass general eating disorder pathology, social anxiety, body mass index, hyperscanning behavior and therapists' rating of patients' condition pre and post treatment. Epigenetic correlates of RS are assessed in healthy controls and youth with LOC and explored before and after treatment. DISCUSSION The expected findings will specify the role of interpersonal emotion regulation problems such as coping with the experience of social exclusion and rejection sensitivity (RS) in LOC and clarify, whether including a training to cope with RS adds to the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT). TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00023706. Registered 27 November 2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Munsch
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-de-Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felicitas Forrer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-de-Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Naas
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-de-Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Verena Mueller
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-de-Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marius Rubo
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-de-Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fouad Hannoun
- Technology for Human Well-Being Institute (HumanTech), University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Boulevard de Pérolles 80, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elena Mugellini
- Technology for Human Well-Being Institute (HumanTech), University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Boulevard de Pérolles 80, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Puttevils L, Vanderhasselt MA, Horczak P, Vervaet M. Differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies between anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2021; 109:152262. [PMID: 34265598 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has identified abnormal emotion regulation (ER) as an underlying mechanism in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. Yet, it still remains unclear whether different forms of ER, adaptive and maladaptive strategies, are similar across categories of eating disorders. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to look at ER differences between anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), two common eating disorder pathologies with different eating patterns. RESULTS 41 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed no differences in the use of maladaptive ER strategies between individuals with AN and BN, however patients with AN tend to use less adaptive ER strategies as compared to patients with BN. CONCLUSIONS Making less use of adaptive strategies in AN might be due to low body weight and high levels of alexithymia which define AN. In order to improve treatment outcome in individuals suffering from AN, these findings suggest to focus more on improving the use of adaptive ER strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Puttevils
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Belgium; Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Paula Horczak
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Belgium
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Wyssen A, Balsiger N, Djurdjevic A, Munsch S, Trier S. [Treatment Evaluation in Inpatient Psychiatry: Transdiagnostic Factors as Correlates of Treatment Outcome - Implications for Clinical Practice and for Effectiveness Research]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 48:361-370. [PMID: 33626578 DOI: 10.1055/a-1348-9358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM An inpatient psychiatric-psychotherapeutic treatment was evaluated in a naturalistic setting (effectiveness research). Transdiagnostic factors were examined as correlates of treatment outcome. METHODS Self-report questionnaires were administered at the beginning and the end of the inpatient treatment. The sample (N = 378) consisted of women and men (16-80 years, M = 40.4, SD = 15.8) with primary diagnoses of depressive, anxiety or eating disorders. The average treatment duration was 8.2 weeks (SD = 3.8). Primary outcome variables were severity of symptoms and level of psychosocial functioning. As transdiagnostic correlates, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation were included in the regression analyses. RESULTS The change in transdiagnostic factors explained a significant proportion of the treatment outcome (explained variance: 8-27 % self-efficacy, 23-42 % self-esteem, 10-26 % emotion regulation). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The present study shows that the evaluation of a treatment in a naturalistic clinical setting is feasible. Transdiagnostic factors explained a substantial part of the statistical variance in treatment outcome across all disorders. Even if the present study design does not allow conclusions about causality, the results underline the relevance of transdiagnostic trainings (e. g., in emotion regulation) to improve effectiveness of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wyssen
- Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Fribourg, Schweiz.,Privatklinik Aadorf, Schweiz.,Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Nora Balsiger
- Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Fribourg, Schweiz
| | | | - Simone Munsch
- Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Fribourg, Schweiz
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Emotion regulation deficits mediate childhood sexual abuse effects on stress sensitization and depression outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:157-170. [PMID: 33023709 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942000098x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a notable risk factor for depressive disorders. Though multiply determined, increased sensitivity to stress (stress sensitization) and difficulty managing distress (emotion regulation) may reflect two pathways by which CSA confers depression risk. However, it remains unclear whether stress sensitization and emotion regulation deficits contribute to depression risk independently or in a sequential manner. That is, the frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation responses and insufficient use of those that attenuate distress (adaptive emotion regulation) may lead to stress sensitization. We tested competing models of CSA, stress sensitization, and emotion regulation to predict depression symptoms and depressive affects in daily life among adults with and without histories of CSA. Results supported a sequential mediation: CSA predicted greater maladaptive repertoires that, in turn, exacerbated the effects of stress on depression symptoms. Maladaptive responses also exacerbated the effects of daily life stress on contemporaneous negative affect (NA) levels and their increase over time. Independent of stress sensitization, emotion regulation deficits also mediated CSA effects on both depressive outcomes, though the effect of maladaptive strategies was specific to NA, and adaptive responses to positive affect. Our findings suggest that emotion regulation deficits and stress sensitization play key intervening roles between CSA and risk for depression.
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Wyssen A, Leins J, Reichenberger J, Blechert J, Munsch S, Steins-Loeber S. Body-related cognitive distortions (thought-shape fusion body) associated with thin-ideal exposure in female students-An ecological momentary assessment study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:220-227. [PMID: 31868277 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Etiological models of eating disorders (EDs) describe body dissatisfaction (BD)as one of the major influences fostering dysfunctional body-related behaviour and disordered eating behaviour. BD is influenced by repeated exposure to thin ideals that evoke high self-ideal discrepancy and result in body-related cognitive distortions such as thought-shape fusion body (TSF-B). The aim of this study was to investigate the covariation of daily media exposure and the experience of TSF-B in a naturalistic setting. It was further analysed whether TSF-B is associated with self-ideal discrepancy, dysfunctional body-related behaviour, and disordered eating behaviour. Moreover, person-related predictors of TSF-B were explored. Altogether, 51healthy female students (mean age 21.06years, SD = 1.76) participated in an ecological momentary assessment study with four daily surveys during 10consecutive days. Exposure with thin ideals in contrast to exposure to unspecific media contents went along with the experience of TSF-B. TSF-B was associated with higher self-ideal discrepancy and dysfunctional body-related behaviour as well as more pronounced disordered eating behaviour, suggesting that TSF-B is a common phenomenon in young healthy females' everyday life. A main effect of trait measures (e.g., pre-existing BD) on TSF-B was observable but has no moderating effect. Thus, a specific vulnerability has not been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wyssen
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Judith Leins
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simone Munsch
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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