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Flaudias V, Gonthier C, Picot MC, Llorca PM, Schmitt A, Perriot J, Georgescu V, Courtet P, Quantin X, Guillaume S. Neuropsychological assessment fails to predict relapse among cigarette smokers: A prospective study of neurocognitive abilities. Addict Behav 2024; 151:107940. [PMID: 38134598 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the factors that lead to relapse is a major challenge for the clinical support of smoking cessation. Neurocognitive abilities such as attention, executive functioning and working memory, are possible predictors of relapse and can be easily assessed in everyday clinical practice. In this prospective longitudinal study, we investigated the relationship between pre-smoking cessation neurocognitive performance and relapse at six months in a sample of patients being treated for their tobacco dependence. METHODS 130 tobacco consumers were included in the study. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical assessment before smoking cessation. The targeted abilities were intelligence, inhibition, shifting, working memory updating, verbal fluency and decision-making. RESULTS The rate of tobacco relapse at 6 months was 58%. Logistic regressions were used to assess which variables best explained relapse. None of the neuropsychological tests was a significant predictor of relapse at either 1, 3 or 6 months, either alone, or controlling for other covariates acting as significant predictors of relapse. CONCLUSIONS Common neuropsychological tests, even those specifically targeting executive functioning such as inhibition, are not useful predictors of the success of a smoking cessation program in a clinical setting. Other variables, such as motivation to quit smoking or the presence of comorbid depression or anxiety disorders, appear to be more useful predictors of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Nantes Université, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL UR 4638), F-44000 Nantes, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Corentin Gonthier
- Nantes Université, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL UR 4638), F-44000 Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Marie Christine Picot
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Schmitt
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile Roux, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vera Georgescu
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Flaudias V, Pires S, Martinot D, Boudoukha AH, Damase E, Mondillon L, Llorca PM, Silvert L. Anorexia nervosa: Enhancing motivation to change with self-determination theory. Encephale 2024:S0013-7006(24)00001-0. [PMID: 38311480 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Motivational deficits (little or no motivation to change) are often reported in patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa. The motivational approaches frequently used by French clinicians rely solely on a dichotomous view of motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic). In self-determination theory, certain forms of extrinsic motivation can strengthen an individual's commitment to an activity, providing they are self-determined. This theory therefore extends and enriches the dual motivational approach by highlighting potentially useful forms of extrinsic motivation and by emphasizing the importance of behavioral regulation. Empirical work is now needed to assess how clinicians can use self-determination theory to enhance motivation to change among patients with anorexia nervosa and encourage their adherence to care management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), UR 4638, université d'Angers, Nantes université, chemin de la Censive-du-Tertre, 44300 Nantes, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Sylvie Pires
- CRIAVS AURA, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Martinot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdel-Halim Boudoukha
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), UR 4638, université d'Angers, Nantes université, chemin de la Censive-du-Tertre, 44300 Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurie Mondillon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, Clermont-Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Silvert
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Flaudias V, Samalin L, Godin O, Gard S, Brousse G, Loftus J, Aubin V, Belzeaux R, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y, Mazer N, de Prémorel A, Roux P, Polosan M, Schwitzer T, Aouizerate B, Llorca PM, Biseul I, Etain B, Moirand R, Olié E, Haffen E, Leboyer M, Courtet P, Icick R, Guillaume S. Crossed clinical features between eating disorders and types of bipolar disorder: Results from the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise - Bipolar Disorder cohort. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:177-185. [PMID: 37178826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) are liable to alter the disease course of bipolar disorder (BD). We explored the crossed clinical features between EDs and BD, particularly as a function of BD type (BD1 vs. BD2). METHODS 2929 outpatients attending FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise were assessed for BD and lifetime EDs with a semi-structured interview, and their sociodemographic, dimensional and clinical data were collected according to a standardized procedure. For each ED type, bivariate analyses were used to investigate associations between these variables and the type of BD type followed by multinomial regressions with the variables associated with EDs and BDs after Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Comorbid EDs were diagnosed in 478 (16.4 %) cases, and were more prevalent in patients with BD2 than in those with BD1 (20.6 % vs. 12.4 %, p < 0.001). Regression models showed no difference according to the subtype of bipolar disorder on the characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED). After multiple adjustments, the factors differentiating BD patients with versus without ED were primarily age, gender, body mass index, more affective lability and comorbidity with anxiety disorders. BD patients with BED also scored higher regarding childhood trauma. BD patients with AN also showed higher risk of past suicide attempts than those with BED. CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of patients with BD, we found a high prevalence of lifetime EDs, especially for the BD2 type. EDs were associated with several severity indicators, but not with BD type-specific characteristics. This should prompt clinicians to carefully screen patients with BD for EDs, regardless of BD and ED types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, Nantes, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Sébastien Gard
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Center Hospitalier Charles Perrens, France NutriNeuro, INRAE UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joséphine Loftus
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Center Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Valérie Aubin
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Center Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Raoul Belzeaux
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, INT-UMR7289, CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Nicolas Mazer
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Alix de Prémorel
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Paul Roux
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Le Chesnay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, DisAP-DevPsy-CESP, INSERM UMR1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Mircea Polosan
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU de Grenoble et des Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN) Inserm U 1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Schwitzer
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Université de Lorraine, Inserm U 1254, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie CPN, Laxou, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Center Hospitalier Charles Perrens, France NutriNeuro, INRAE UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Biseul
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; AP-HP.Nord, Groupe Hospitalo-universitaire Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; AP-HP.Nord, Groupe Hospitalo-universitaire Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris F-75010, France; INSERM UMRS 1144, Université de Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Remi Moirand
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response ΨR2 Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, F-69678, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital CHU, Montpellier, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, Laboratoire de Recherche Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, F-94010, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Icick
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; AP-HP.Nord, Groupe Hospitalo-universitaire Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris F-75010, France; INSERM UMRS 1144, Université de Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil F-94000, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital CHU, Montpellier, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Naillon PL, Flaudias V, Brousse G, Laporte C, Baker JS, Brusseau V, Comptour A, Zak M, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Cannabis Use in Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicines (Basel) 2023; 10:medicines10050029. [PMID: 37233605 DOI: 10.3390/medicines10050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cannabis use by physicians can be detrimental for them and their patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of cannabis use by medical doctors (MDs)/students. Method: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycInfo and ScienceDirect were searched for studies reporting cannabis use in MDs/students. For each frequency of use (lifetime/past year/past month/daily), we stratified a random effect meta-analysis depending on specialties, education level, continents, and periods of time, which were further compared using meta-regressions. Results: We included 54 studies with a total of 42,936 MDs/students: 20,267 MDs, 20,063 medical students, and 1976 residents. Overall, 37% had used cannabis at least once over their lifetime, 14% over the past year, 8% over the past month and 1.1 per thousand (‱) had a daily use. Medical students had a greater cannabis use than MDs over their lifetime (38% vs. 35%, p < 0.001), the past year (24% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), and the past month (10% vs. 2%, p < 0.05), without significance for daily use (0.5% vs. 0.05%, NS). Insufficient data precluded comparisons among medical specialties. MDs/students from Asian countries seemed to have the lowest cannabis use: 16% over their lifetime, 10% in the past year, 1% in the past month, and 0.4% daily. Regarding periods of time, cannabis use seems to follow a U-shape, with a high use before 1990, followed by a decrease between 1990 and 2005, and a rebound after 2005. Younger and male MDs/students had the highest cannabis use. Conclusions: If more than a third of MDs tried cannabis at least once in their lifetime, this means its daily use is low but not uncommon (1.1‱). Medical students are the biggest cannabis users. Despite being common worldwide, cannabis use is predominant in the West, with a rebound since 2005 making salient those public health interventions during the early stage of medical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Naillon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, NPsy-Sydo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Addiction, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien S Baker
- Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon CN-99230, Hong Kong
| | - Valentin Brusseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Comptour
- INSERM, CIC 1405 CRECHE Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marek Zak
- Institute of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, P-25-002 Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Pires S, Denizot H, Boudoukha AH, Mennuti J, Miele C, Potard C, Riquoir G, Llorca PM, Flaudias V, Gerbaud L. Selflife: A Life Skills Development Tool to Prevent Sexual Violence among Healthcare Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5198. [PMID: 36982106 PMCID: PMC10049533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND in France, 14.5% of women and 3.9% of men aged 20-69 years have experienced sexual violence. Of these, 40% will go on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Sexual violence is therefore a major public health issue. In the present study, we tested a life skills development tool (Selflife) designed to prevent sexual violence in a population of healthcare students. METHODS a total of 225 French healthcare students were randomly divided into a control group using case studies (n = 114) and a group using Selflife (n = 111) to discuss the topic of sexual violence. After the session, they completed self-report questionnaires collecting sociodemographic data and probing their feelings about their participation, their life skills, and their verdict on the intervention. RESULTS compared with controls, participants in the Selflife group reported gaining more knowledge about sexual violence, a greater sense of improving their life skills, and greater satisfaction with the intervention. CONCLUSIONS these results suggest that, in addition to providing information about sexual violence, Selflife helped students develop their life skills, thereby empowering them to act when confronted with sexual violence. Its impact on prevalence and on the psychological and psychiatric consequences remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pires
- CRIAVS ARA, Délégation de Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Santé Publique, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Denizot
- CRIAVS ARA, Délégation de Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Santé Publique, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Pôle de Psychiatrie B, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdel Halim Boudoukha
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Julie Mennuti
- CRIAVS ARA, Délégation de Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Santé Publique, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Miele
- Pôle de Psychiatrie B, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Potard
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Riquoir
- Service de Santé Publique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS-UMR 6602, Institut Pascal, Axe TGI, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Pôle de Psychiatrie B, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS-UMR 6602, Institut Pascal, Axe TGI, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Gerbaud
- Service de Santé Publique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS-UMR 6602, Institut Pascal, Axe TGI, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zerhouni O, Flaudias V, Barré M, Rodgers RF. The effects of exposure to social media images of thin and average size women on body satisfaction among young women: Emotion regulation and self-efficacy as modulating factors. Body Image 2022; 43:292-300. [PMID: 36240693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although appearance comparison has emerged as an important mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of exposure to idealized social media images on body image among young women, little is known regarding the role of the direction of these comparisons. In addition, to date, little attention has been paid to the role of self-regulation processes in these effects. A sample of 260 female students (Mage = 19.6) from a University in Paris completed an online survey where they were randomly assigned to view thin-ideal or average size social media images of women. Participants reported on state body satisfaction before and after exposure, as well as state appearance comparison and direction of appearance comparison, and trait emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy. Findings revealed no main effect of condition. However, among participants who engaged in upwards appearance comparison the thin-ideal condition was associated with greater decreases in body satisfaction. In addition, three-way interactions revealed that emotional regulation difficulties and self-efficacy both further moderated these effects. These findings suggest that self-regulation processes may be important to account for in the effects of exposure to social media images on body satisfaction among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oulmann Zerhouni
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France; Université de Rouen Normandie, Centre de Recherche sur les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologiques (CRFDP, EA 7475), UFR SHS.
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Université de Nantes, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maréva Barré
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
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Maurage P, Heeren A, Lannoy S, Flaudias V. The Role of Attentional Networks in Smoking Behavior Among Young Adults: Specific Contribution of Executive Control. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1906-1913. [PMID: 35536744 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exploration of cognitive impairments associated with tobacco use disorder has expanded during the last decades, centrally showing working memory and executive deficits among smokers. Despite their critical role in everyday life and in the smoking cessation process, attentional abilities have seldom been explored. Previous studies yielded discordant results, and the involvement of attentional deficits in smoking habits remains unclear. AIMS AND METHODS Capitalizing on the Attention Network Test, a theory-grounded task allowing the simultaneous but distinct evaluation of three attentional networks (alerting, orienting, executive control), we explored attentional abilities in three groups of 25 college students (nonsmokers, light smokers, heavy smokers), matched for demographic and psychopathological characteristics. RESULTS While light smokers did not present any deficit compared with nonsmokers, heavy smokers showed a specific impairment of the executive control subcomponent of attention, contrasting with preserved alerting and orienting attentional abilities. The executive control deficit was not related to current craving or to smoking duration. CONCLUSIONS Beyond the already explored memory and executive deficits, tobacco use disorder is associated with attentional impairments, characterized by a reduced ability to focus attentional resources on pertinent stimuli and resist to distractors interference. Given the assumed role of attentional impairments in smoking, our findings suggest that a critical step in future translational iterations is to develop neuropsychological rehabilitation programs tapping into the executive network of attention among smokers. IMPLICATIONS This study clarifies the presence and extent of attentional impairments in tobacco use disorder. We measured three attention networks (alerting, orienting, executive control) in light smokers, heavy smokers and matched healthy controls through a theory-grounded task (Attention Network Test). Heavy smokers (but not light ones) present a specific deficit for the executive control of attention. This deficit, uncorrelated with psychopathological comorbidities or current craving, appears directly related to smoking. Given the currently scattered literature on this topic, attentional processes deserve a thorough audit in tobacco use disorder, notably to develop specific neurocognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Stress and Anxiety Research Lab, Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Université de Nantes, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, Nantes, France
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Flaudias V, Zerhouni O, Chakroun-Baggioni N, De Chazeron I, Llorca PM, Brousse G. Evaluation of a Smartphone Application on the Reduction of Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Among Students†. Front Psychol 2022; 13:790030. [PMID: 35222189 PMCID: PMC8869174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.790030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The recent development of “serious games” has produced encouraging results in maintaining adherence to health-related interventions. In alcohol research, several studies have shown that computerized training on attentional bias decreases alcohol consumption bias among students. However, these highly controlled experimental situations, do not allow for direct large-scale dissemination. Our objective is to evaluate an attentional bias remediation program using a gamified smartphone training procedure. Methods Fifty students from Clermont-Ferrand University were invited to participate in the study. After a cognitive assessment in the laboratory, the smartphone application was installed on each Student’s smartphone. Participants were randomly assigned to either the alcohol attentional training group or the control group Each student had to complete the 2-min program at least once a day for 15 days. After 15 days, a new cognitive assessment of attention bias was conducted in the laboratory. Forty-seven students were included in the study. Results Our analyses did not show any effect of the cognitive remediation program on attentional bias reduction between the two group [F(1, 44) < 1, p = 0.87], attentional performance [F(1, 45) = 1.63, p = 0.20] or inhibitory abilities [F(1, 45) < 1, p = 0.73]. These results were confirmed by Bayesian analyses. Discussion Despite the absence of group effects, both the alcohol and control (non-alcohol) version of this program appeared to reduce attentional bias and increase inhibition capacities in the subset of participants who had attentional bias for alcohol at baseline This pilot study identifies areas for improvement in smartphone applications for future developments. Attentional bias remediation programs remain an interesting way to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Université de Nantes, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Valentin Flaudias,
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, Nanterre, France
| | - Nadia Chakroun-Baggioni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid De Chazeron
- CMP-B CHU, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- CMP-B CHU, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- CMP-B CHU, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bourduge C, Teissedre F, Morel F, Flaudias V, Izaute M, Brousse G. Lockdown Impact on Stress, Coping Strategies, and Substance Use in Teenagers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:790704. [PMID: 35126203 PMCID: PMC8813749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.790704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government took many measures, the most notable of which was a national lockdown on 17 March 2020. Its effects have been widely studied, but to our knowledge, no study has sought to determine how adolescents have adapted to cope with this situation. The present study set out to explore teenagers' stress levels, coping strategies, and substance use during this period. METHODS This paper is a cross-sectional study that rides on an existing prevention program interviewed 348 French middle school students (209 girls and 139 boys) in grade 8 (M age = 13.45; SDage = 0.54) using an online questionnaire between March 17 and May 11, 2020 (COVID-19 lockdown). The study examined the teenagers' perceived stress, coping strategies they had used, including recent use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis, during COVID-19 lockdown. RESULTS Teenagers reported lower perceived stress during lockdown than usually, with a significant decrease for girls. Those who perceived the least social support reported the highest levels of stress. The strategies of planning, behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, positive reframing, acceptance, and religion were used more than usual, while active coping and self-blame were used less. Acceptance was the most often used strategy and a source of decreased stress during lockdown. A significant decrease in recent tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use was also observed. CONCLUSION Changes in the use of coping strategies, withdrawal from the stressful school environment, and greater exposure to parents than to peers caused adolescents to be less stressed and to decrease their substance use during the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrine Bourduge
- LAPSCO, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d'addictologie et Pathologies Duelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Florence Morel
- Service d'addictologie et Pathologies Duelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Service d'addictologie et Pathologies Duelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA-4638), Université de Nantes, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Izaute
- LAPSCO, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Chapoton B, Sarda E, Tinquaut F, Bègue L, Chirain A, Brousse G, Chauvin F, Flaudias V. Suggestibility, Facebook use and relationship with substance addictive behaviors. Encephale 2022; 49:261-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Benistand P, Vorilhon P, Laporte C, Bouillon-Minois JB, Brousse G, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Flaudias V, Mulliez A, Dutheil F. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychotropic drug consumption. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1020023. [PMID: 36590615 PMCID: PMC9797694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health, there is no comprehensive longitudinal study of the entire population of a country without selection bias. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription of psychotropic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from the French national health data system (SNDS). DESIGN SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Prescriptions for psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antipsychotics) from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2021 were collected from administrative data provided by the SNDS. This database includes more than 99% of the French population, i.e., 67 million people. The data were analyzed using an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Consumption of psychotropic drugs was aggregated in months and expressed in number of boxes per thousand inhabitants. RESULTS During the study period, more than 1.3 billion boxes of psychotropic medications were dispensed. Comparison of psychotropic drug dispensing before and after the pandemic showed a relative increase of 0.76 (95 CI 0.57 to 0.95, p<0.001) boxes per month per thousand inhabitants, all classes of psychotropic drugs combined. Three classes saw their consumption increase in an almost similar proportion, respectively, by 0.23 (0.15 to 0.32, p<0.001) boxes for antidepressants, 0.27 (0.20 to 0.34, p<0.001) boxes for anxiolytics and 0.23 (0.17 to 0.30, p<0.001) boxes for hypnotics. The change in antipsychotic consumption was very small, with an increase of 0.04 boxes (0.02 to 0.06, p = 0.001) per month per thousand population. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic had led to an increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs, confirming the significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Benistand
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Vorilhon
- Research Unit AutomédiCation aCcompagnement Pluriprofessionnel PatienT (ACCePPT), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LaPSCo), Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélien Mulliez
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et Innovations Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LaPSCo), Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Iceta S, Rodrigue C, Legendre M, Daoust J, Flaudias V, Michaud A, Bégin C. Cognitive function in binge eating disorder and food addiction: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110400. [PMID: 34256024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An extensive body of recent research has focused on the contribution of cognitive functioning to eating behaviors. In binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA), the extent of cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study aimed to characterize, among those with BED and FA, neurocognitive functions using performances based on neuropsychological tasks in the context of neutral stimuli in adults. METHOD MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and gray literature (ProQuest and OpenGrey) were used to identify studies that reported neurocognitive assessments in BED or FA up to December 2019. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS A significant overall effect was found for global cognitive impairments, suggesting that individuals with BED or FA have poorer performances when completing cognitive tasks. Analyses for specific cognitive domains revealed that individuals with BED showed poorer performances at tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, attention and planning. Analyses regarding FA were inconclusive due to a lack of studies. Thus, the results were described qualitatively. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis highlighted the cognitive weaknesses that seem to come with BED and the necessity to integrate them in the assessment and treatment of this condition. It also stressed the lack of quality studies surrounding the cognitive features of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Iceta
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Integrated Center of Obesity, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, France; CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Christopher Rodrigue
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Justine Daoust
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Andreanne Michaud
- Research Center of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche FRQ-S Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Besson A, Tarpin A, Flaudias V, Brousse G, Laporte C, Benson A, Navel V, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Smoking Prevalence among Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182413328. [PMID: 34948936 PMCID: PMC8705497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major public health problem. Although physicians have a key role in the fight against smoking, some of them are still smoking. Thus, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched. The prevalence of smoking among physicians was estimated and stratified, where possible, by specialties, continents, and periods of time. Then, meta-regressions were performed regarding putative influencing factors such as age and sex. RESULTS Among 246 studies and 497,081 physicians, the smoking prevalence among physicians was 21% (95CI 20 to 23%). Prevalence of smoking was 25% in medical students, 24% in family practitioners, 18% in surgical specialties, 17% in psychiatrists, 16% in medical specialties, 11% in anesthesiologists, 9% in radiologists, and 8% in pediatricians. Physicians in Europe and Asia had a higher smoking prevalence than in Oceania. The smoking prevalence among physicians has decreased over time. Male physicians had a higher smoking prevalence. Age did not influence smoking prevalence. CONCLUSION Prevalence of smoking among physicians is high, around 21%. Family practitioners and medical students have the highest percentage of smokers. All physicians should benefit from targeted preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Besson
- Family Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tarpin
- Family Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Georges Brousse
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France; (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France; (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Amanda Benson
- Sport Innovation Research Group, Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Valentin Navel
- CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-74-36-04-23; Fax: +33-4-73-27-46-49
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Méry R, Flaudias V, Guillaume S, Geneste J, Llorca PM, Samalin L. [Interest of hypnosis with a paradigm's use in anorexia nervosa: A case report]. Encephale 2021; 48:226-228. [PMID: 34511245 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Méry
- Department of Psychiatry, Clermont-Auvergne INP, institut Pascal, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V Flaudias
- Department of Psychiatry, Clermont-Auvergne INP, institut Pascal, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Guillaume
- Inserm U1061, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Geneste
- Department of Psychiatry, Clermont-Auvergne INP, institut Pascal, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P M Llorca
- Department of Psychiatry, Clermont-Auvergne INP, institut Pascal, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Samalin
- Department of Psychiatry, Clermont-Auvergne INP, institut Pascal, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Brelet L, Flaudias V, Désert M, Guillaume S, Llorca PM, Boirie Y. Stigmatization toward People with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082834. [PMID: 34444994 PMCID: PMC8400545 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research about stigmatization in eating disorders (EDs) has highlighted stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against people with EDs, as well as their harmful effects on them, including self-stigma and a difficult recovery process. Whereas a recent review focused on the consequences of ED stigma, our work aimed to provide a broader synthesis of ED stigma, including its consequences, but also its content and distribution. More precisely, we focused on three EDs-namely, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Based on a systematic search of four major databases in psychology, the present scoping review includes 46 studies published between 2004 and 2021. We did not conduct any quality assessment of the studies included, because our aim was to provide a wide-ranging overview of these topics instead of an appraisal of evidence answering a precise research question. The review confirmed the existence of a common ED stigma: all individuals affected by EDs reviewed here were perceived as responsible for their situation, and elicited negative emotions and social distance. However, our review also depicted a specific stigma content associated with each ED. In addition, the demographic characteristics of the stigmatizing individuals had a notable influence on the extent of ED stigma: men, young adults, and low-income individuals appeared to be the most stigmatizing toward individuals with EDs. It is important to note that ED stigma had a negative effect on individuals' eating disorders, psychological wellbeing, and treatment-seeking behavior. There is an urgent need for further research on the adverse effects of ED stigma and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Brelet
- Pôle R&D Santé, Jeolis Solutions, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- EA 780 NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Désert
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Département des Urgences Psychiatriques, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- CMP-B CHU, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Yves Boirie
- Centre Troubles des Conduites Alimentaires (TCA), Service de Nutrition Clinique, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Gabriel Montpied, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Icick R, Gard S, M'Bailara K, Biseul I, Samalin L, Brousse G, Flaudias V, Llorca PM, Loftus J, Cussac I, Aubin V, Schwan R, Roux P, Polosan M, Courtet P, Olié E, Henry C, Mazer N, Haffen E, Etain B, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Belzeaux R, Godin O, Guillaume S. The course of bipolar disorder as a function of the presence and sequence of onset of comorbid alcohol use disorders in outpatients attending the Fondamental Advanced Centres of Expertise. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:196-203. [PMID: 33799038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and bipolar disorder (BD) has been repeatedly associated with poorer clinical outcomes than BD without AUD. We aimed to extend these findings by focusing on the characteristics associated with the sequence of onset of BD and AUD. METHODS 3,027 outpatients from the Fondamental Advanced Centres of Expertise were ascertained for BD-1, BD-2 and AUD diagnoses, including their respective ages at onset (AAOs, N =2,804). We selected the variables associated with both the presence and sequence of onset of comorbid AUD using bivariate analyses corrected for multiple testing to enter a binary regression model with the sequence of onset of BD and AUD as the dependent variable (AUD first - which also included 88 same-year onsets, vs. BD first). RESULTS BD patients with comorbid AUD showed more severe clinical profile than those without. Compared to BD-AUD (N =269), AUD-BD (N =276) was independently associated with a higher AAO of BD (OR =1.1, p <0.001), increased prevalence of comorbid cannabis use disorder (OR =2.8, p <0.001) a higher number of (hypo)manic/mixed BD episodes per year of bipolar illness (OR =3, p <0.01). LIMITATIONS The transversal design prevents from drawing causal conclusions. CONCLUSION Increased severity of BD with AUD compared to BD alone did not differ according to the sequence of onset. A few differences, though, could be used to better monitor the trajectory of patients showing either one of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Icick
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France. Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire 'FHU NOR-SUD'.; Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Gard
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Hôpital Charles Perrens, Centre Expert Trouble Bipolaire, Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire (3/4/7), Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia M'Bailara
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Hôpital Charles Perrens, Centre Expert Trouble Bipolaire, Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire (3/4/7), Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Biseul
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France. Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire 'FHU NOR-SUD'
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joséphine Loftus
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Iréna Cussac
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Valérie Aubin
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Raymund Schwan
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1114, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Paul Roux
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU de Grenoble et des Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN) Inserm U 1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Mazer
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-universitaire Nord, DMU ESPRIT, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie. Hopital Louis Mourier, Colombes, Inserm U1266, Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centres Experts FondaMental, Centre Investigation Clinique 1431-INSERM, EA 481 Neurosciences, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France. Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire 'FHU NOR-SUD'.; Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010, Créteil, France - AP-HP, HU Henri Mondor, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Precision (FHU IMPACT) F-94010, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, DMU Neurosciences, Département de psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France. Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire 'FHU NOR-SUD'.; Université de Paris, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Raoul Belzeaux
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France, INT-UMR7289, CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ophélia Godin
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010, Créteil, France - AP-HP, HU Henri Mondor, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Precision (FHU IMPACT) F-94010, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Carre A, Shankland R, Flaudias V, Morvan Y, Lamboy B. Les psychologues dans le champ de la santé mentale : les perspectives en promotion de la santé mentale positive. PRAT PSYCHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Flaudias V, Zerhouni O, Pereira B, Cherpitel CJ, Boudesseul J, de Chazeron I, Romo L, Guillaume S, Samalin L, Cabe J, Bègue L, Gerbaud L, Rolland B, Llorca PM, Naassila M, Brousse G. The Early Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Stress and Addictive Behaviors in an Alcohol-Consuming Student Population in France. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628631. [PMID: 33633612 PMCID: PMC7900161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated factors linked with perceived stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and addictive behaviors prior to and during lockdown in a sample of students who indicated engaging in alcohol consumption behaviors before lockdown. Methods: Cross-sectional study. French students from four universities participated in this study, and 2,760 students reported alcohol use. During the first week of lockdown, students reported their perceived levels of stress regarding COVID-19. Substance use and addictive behaviors were reported before and during lockdown, and media exposure, demographical, living conditions, and environmental stressors were reported during lockdown. Results: Women reported greater levels of stress (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.93, p < 0.001). Highly-stressed students also report less social support (95% CI: -1.04 to -0.39, p < 0.001) and were more likely to worry about the lockdown (95% CI: 0.27 to -0.65, p < 0.001). Alcohol-related problemswere more prevalent among the most stressed students (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.09, p = 0.004) as well as eating problems (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.36, p = 0.016) and problematic internet use (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.14, p < 0.001). Students reporting the highest levels of stress also indicated more compulsive eating during the previous seven days (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.19, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The level of stress was strongly related to four categories of variables: (i) intrinsic characteristics, (ii) addictive behaviors before lockdown, (iii) lockdown-specific conditions, and (iv) addictive behaviors during the lockdown. Several variables linked to COVID-19 were not directly linked with perceived stress, while perceived stress was found to correlate with daily life organization-related uncertainty and anticipated consequences of lockdown. Importantly, social support seems to be a protective factor on high level of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Ferrand, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie, University Paris Nanterre, Ad Hoc Lab, Nanterre, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Ferrand, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jordane Boudesseul
- Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Ingrid de Chazeron
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Ferrand, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, U de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier/INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Ferrand, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Cabe
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Ferrand, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Laurent Gerbaud
- Service de Santé Publique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS-UMR 6602, Institut Pascal, Axe TGI, Groupe PEPRADE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), Pôle MOPHA, CRNL, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | | | - Mickael Naassila
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Unité INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Amiens, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Ferrand, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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19
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Flaudias V, Iceta S, Zerhouni O, Rodgers RF, Billieux J, Llorca PM, Boudesseul J, de Chazeron I, Romo L, Maurage P, Samalin L, Bègue L, Naassila M, Brousse G, Guillaume S. COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:826-835. [PMID: 32976112 PMCID: PMC8943668 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Since mid-March 2020, over 3 billion people have been confined as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic eating behaviors are likely to be impacted by the pandemic through multiple pathways. This study examined the relationships between stress related to lockdown measures and binge eating and dietary restriction in a population of French students during the first week of confinement. METHODS A sample of undergraduate students (N = 5,738) completed an online questionnaire 7 days after lockdown measures were introduced. The survey comprised variables related to lockdown measures and the COVID-19-pandemic, mood, stress, body image, binge eating and dietary restriction during the past 7 days, as well as intent to binge eat and restrict in the following 15 days. RESULTS Stress related to the lockdown was associated with greater likelihood of binge eating and dietary restriction over the past week and intentions to binge eat and restrict over the next 15 days. Greater exposure to COVID-19-related media was associated with increased eating restriction over the past week. Binge eating and restriction (past and intentions) were associated with established risk factors, including female gender, low impulse regulation, high body dissatisfaction, and having a concurrent probable eating disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The higher the stress related to the first week of confinement, the higher the risk of problematic eating behaviors among students, particularly those characterized by eating-related concerns. Screening for risk factors and providing targeted interventions might help decrease problematic eating behaviors among those who are most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Referral Center for Eating Disorder, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University, F-69677, Bron, France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Département de Psychologie, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, University Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, APPEAR, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier/INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Billieux
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier/INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ingrid de Chazeron
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- CMME GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Bègue
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Georges Brousse
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Unité INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l’Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, 80025, Amiens, France
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20
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Chapoton B, Régnier Denois V, Nekaa M, Chauvin F, Flaudias V. Social Networking Sites and Perceived Content Influence: An Exploratory Analysis from Focus Groups with French Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17197025. [PMID: 32992902 PMCID: PMC7579363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNSs) are invested in heavily by marketers aiming to reach a growing number of consumers. Concerns regarding the influence of posts displayed on SNSs in relation to behaviour were raised, in particular the promotion of ill-health behaviour directed to adolescents who may be at risk from suggestible practices. Although adolescents tend to be critical towards traditional forms of advertising, little is known about their perception of influencing strategies developed online, especially where sponsor- and user-generated content coexist. This exploratory study aims to gather information directly from adolescents about their use of SNSs their awareness of the influence that SNS content may have, particularly when it comes to tobacco and alcohol messages. Ten focus groups were conducted with 39 adolescents (11-16 years old; 56.4% male). Qualitative analysis documents the differences associated with adolescents' favourite SNSs. The different parameters linked to each SNS and the expectation to find entertaining content and values associated with friendship may decrease adolescents' perception of potential risk for health associated with SNS use. Authors advocate for the development of educational programs based on eHealth literacy and the use of social marketing techniques to facilitate and motivate adolescents to develop their competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Chapoton
- Institut PRESAGE, Université Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (V.R.D.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Véronique Régnier Denois
- Institut PRESAGE, Université Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (V.R.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Mabrouk Nekaa
- French Academic Directorate of the National Education Services of the Loire Department, Univ. Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Franck Chauvin
- Institut PRESAGE, Université Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (V.R.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- CIRCEA, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université d’Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G, Flaudias V. [Strategy and stopping smoking interventions in smokers with tuberculosis]. Rev Med Liege 2020; 75:100-104. [PMID: 32030934 DOI: pmid/32030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and smoking are causing a heavy mortality worldwide. Tobacco smoke increases the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease, including severe pulmonary tuberculosis, resistant bacilli forms and death from this disease. Smoking patients with TB have poorer compliance with treatment of tuberculosis than non-smokers. In countries with high TB incidence and smoking prevalence tending to increase, smoking cessation is a means of controlling the TB epidemic. Stopping smoking improves the course of tuberculosis and promotes its final cure, it is accompanied by a better therapeutic observance. WHO recommended coordination between national tuberculosis and tobacco control programs to optimize control of the TB epidemic. The mobilization of health professionals in helping smokers with tuberculosis stopping smoking is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perriot
- Dispensaire Emile Roux, Centre de Lutte antituberculeuse et de Tabacologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Underner
- Centre Henri Laborit, Unité de Recherche clinique, Poitiers, France
| | - G Peiffer
- Service de Pneumologie, CHR Metz-Thionville, Metz, France
| | - V Flaudias
- Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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22
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Flaudias V, Zerhouni O, Chakroun-Baggioni N, Pires S, Schmitt A, De Chazeron I, Llorca PM, Brousse G. Reducing Attentional Bias in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorders With a Tablet Application: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:51-55. [PMID: 31724703 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cognitive bias modification (CBM) training has been considered a promising and effective intervention tool for reducing cognitive biases toward alcohol. However, the link between the cognitive process and actual behavior remains statistically insignificant because computerized tasks do not have sufficient ecological validity and suffer from high dropout rates. The recent development of 'serious games' has shown encouraging results in maintaining adherence to health-related interventions. We aim to evaluate a CBM program using a gamified attentional bias (AB) training procedure on a touchpad for individuals with alcohol use disorders. METHODS Forty-one patients were included in this study, 33 of whom displayed an AB and were randomly assigned into the 'CBM group' (N = 18, 16.7% women) or 'Memory group'-which involved playing a memory game-(N = 15, no woman). Eight other participants (12.5% women) with no AB comprised the 'Without AB group'. Efficacy was assessed for AB, craving, and inhibition and attentional capacities before and after the program. RESULTS We observed that the reduction of AB was higher for the 'CBM group' (Mbefore = 153.61, SD = 172.21; Mafter = 18.00, SD = 77.71; t (17) = 4.21, P = 0.001) than for the 'Memory group' (Mbefore = 73.20, SD = 66.65; Mafter =42.47, SD = 113.77; ts < 1). The analysis showed that for the 'Without AB group', there was no significant difference in AB (t (7) = -2.15, P = .07) after the program. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an increased reduction of AB for patients included in the CBM program on a touchpad than for patients playing only a memory game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58 Rue Montalembert F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, 28 Place Henri Dunant BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, 200 avenue de la République. F-92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Nadia Chakroun-Baggioni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6024, LAPSCO, 34 Avenue Carnot F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Pires
- Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58 Rue Montalembert F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Schmitt
- Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58 Rue Montalembert F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid De Chazeron
- Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58 Rue Montalembert F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, 28 Place Henri Dunant BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Michel Llorca
- Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58 Rue Montalembert F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, 28 Place Henri Dunant BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 58 Rue Montalembert F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, 28 Place Henri Dunant BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Shankland R, Favre P, Corubolo D, Méary D, Flaudias V, Mermillod M. Food-Cal: development of a controlled database of high and low calorie food matched with non-food pictures. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1041-1050. [PMID: 30980250 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrialization has led to more varied and attractive high-calorie foods. Health problems such as obesity and diabetes are partially attributed to eating-related self-regulation difficulties that may be caused by increasingly frequent cues for highly palatable foods. Research studies aim at understanding the factors underlying responses to food cues. This has led to the development of food stimuli databases. However, they present some limitations. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at providing a controlled set of pictures, including 40 food pictures with high- and low-calorie stimuli, matched with 40 non-food pictures. The second objective was to provide a ready-to-use database with normative data regarding responses and associations between demographic, anthropometric and eating-related characteristics, and picture ratings. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 264 participants rated the total set of pictures. MEASURES Attractiveness, arousal and palatability were assessed for each picture, as well as participant's current type of diet, BMI, hunger levels and eating behaviors (uncontrolled and emotional eating). RESULTS Image characteristics (shape, colors, luminance) were comparable between food and matched non-food pictures. Positive correlations were found between hunger levels and attractiveness, arousal and palatability of food. Uncontrolled and emotional eating was positively correlated with high-calorie food palatability, and uncontrolled eating was positively correlated with high-calorie food attractiveness. Participants who did not report any specific diet rated high-calorie foods as more attractive and arousing, whereas vegan and vegetarian participants assessed low-calorie foods as more attractive and palatable. CONCLUSION The Food-Cal controlled set of picture database can be considered as a useful tool for experimental research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shankland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc BSHM, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, EA 4145, 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Pauline Favre
- INSERM U955 Team 15 « Translational Psychiatry », Neurospin, CEA Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Corubolo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc BSHM, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, EA 4145, 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Méary
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LPNC, CNRS UMR 5105, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Univ. d'Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LPNC, CNRS UMR 5105, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Flaudias V, Maurage P, Izaute M, de Chazeron I, Brousse G, Chakroun-Baggioni N. Craving Mediates the Relation Between Impulsivity and Alcohol Consumption Among University Students. Am J Addict 2019; 28:489-496. [PMID: 31423682 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The relationship between impulsivity and craving in severe alcohol use disorders is well established, but the presence and characteristics of this link in University students are still to be established. The present study aims to better understand the relationship between impulsivity and craving in university students and to determine the influence of these variables on alcohol consumption characteristics. METHODS A large sample of university students (N = 1055, mean age: 20.9 years; 713 women) completed an online questionnaire to evaluate alcohol use, impulsivity, and craving. RESULTS Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the compulsive dimensions of craving (P < .001), sensation seeking (P < .001), and lack of premeditation (P < .001) constitute strong predictors of current consumption. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the threshold level above which craving intensity can identify specific high-risk populations. A mediation analysis showed that craving has a partial mediator effect on the impact of impulsivity on alcohol consumption for this population (37,8%, P < .001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The sensation seeking and lack of premeditation dimensions of impulsivity, coupled with compulsive craving, are efficient predictors of excessive alcohol consumption for university students. The partial mediator effect of craving is important in terms of characterizing the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol consumption. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Our study centrally shows that the interaction between elevated levels of impulsivity and craving constitute a crucial risk factor for alcohol consumption in university students, and should thus constitute a target for primary prevention programs (Am J Addict 2019;00:00-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie Izaute
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid de Chazeron
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nadia Chakroun-Baggioni
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
Background and objectives: To which extent is a perpetrator responsible for an offense when he has (or not) consumed alcohol remains subject to conflicting results. Methods: In this study, participants (n = 162) were randomly asked to sentence a perpetrator for an assault in a nightclub (mild) and spousal violence (severe). In each case, the perpetrator was either sober or had consumed alcohol. Results: Our results show that participants judge the perpetrator less severely when he was an alcohol user, but only when the seriousness of the offense is mild. In both cases, the more participants believed in Free Will, the harsher the sentence. Conclusions and scientific significance: Methodological and implications of how individuals' beliefs may bias legal decisions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oulmann Zerhouni
- a Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie , Université Paris Nanterre , Nanterre , France
| | - Coralie Girod
- b Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social , UFR SHS , Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- c CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B , Clermont-Ferrand , France
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Brousse G, Zerhouni O, Perriot J, Bègue L, Flaudias V. [Plain Packaging: The study that makes tabacologists coff]. Encephale 2018; 44:489-490. [PMID: 30446288 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Brousse
- EA NPsy-Sydo, université Clermont-Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O Zerhouni
- Département de psychologie, laboratoire parisien de psychologie sociale, université Paris Nanterre, 200, avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| | - J Perriot
- Department of respiratory medicine, centre Emile-Roux, IRAAT, university of Auvergne, 11, rue Vaucanson, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Bègue
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de psychologie, personnalité, cognition, changement social, UFR SHS, université Grenoble-Alpes, 1251, avenue Centrale, BP 47, 38040 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - V Flaudias
- EA NPsy-Sydo, université Clermont-Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Prost-Lehmann C, Shankland R, França LR, Laurent A, Flaudias V. Symptomatology long-term evolution after hospitalization for anorexia nervosa: Drive for thinness to explain effects of body dissatisfaction on type of outcome. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:212-217. [PMID: 29859637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric disorder associated with the highest mortality rate. Body dissatisfaction (BD) is now considered as an important risk factor for AN onset and relapse. Recent results lead to the hypothesis according to which AN and drive for thinness (DT) are related to body dissatisfaction. The primary aim of this current study was to identify whether DT mediated the relationship between BD and AN symptoms several years after hospitalization. As a secondary aim, self-reported Body Shape Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test, Eating Disorder Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory scores were compared between the 48 women with a history of severe AN and 73 matched controls. A mediation analysis didn't show evidence of a direct effect of BD on eating disorder symptomatology after controlling for DT suggesting a full mediation of DT on the association between BD and eating disorders symptomatology. Results also showed that patients with a bad outcome had a higher score of DT than controls, which was not the case of patients with a good outcome. These findings highlight the potential importance of DT and the usefulness of targeting this dimension in therapeutic interventions for AN patients if further research confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Prost-Lehmann
- Child and adolescent psychiatry unit - Grenoble University Hospital, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France
| | | | | | - Annie Laurent
- Child and adolescent psychiatry unit - Grenoble University Hospital, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280 NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France..
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Bertin C, Zerhouni O, Perriot J, de Chazeron I, Brousse G, Flaudias V. Relationship between Tobacco Craving and Quality of Life among French Students: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:942-948. [PMID: 29172869 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1385634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the factors leading to smoking cessation is of primary importance in reducing the death burden. Recently introduced in the DSM-5, craving is a potentially promising mechanism involved in relapse, but its articulation with quality of life and deprivation on tobacco student's consumers has never been investigated. OBJECTIVES Our study explores the relationship between tobacco craving and sub-dimensions of quality of life when controlling effect of deprivation on a youth population with tobacco consumption. METHOD Comparison between deprived and non-deprived students were conducted with online questionnaires on demographic data, level of dependency, perceived quality of life, deprivation and craving. Multivariate linear regression with backward procedure was conducted to assess the predictive validity of these variables on craving. Finally, Bayesian analysis was conducted to evaluate the model proposed by the regression. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-four participants were included. Craving was significantly correlated with all the other variables and increases when the level of deprivation rises, while it decreases when physical health improves. These results are confirmed by Bayesian linear regression. Conclusions/Importance: Environmental and social factors are usually overlooked when it comes to understanding individuals, deeply rooted biological mechanisms such as craving. Working on physical health is of interest to diminished craving and improves the quality of life during smoking cessation and thereby to support success on the student population. Consequences for the triadic neurocognitive model of addiction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célian Bertin
- a Observatoire Français des Médicaments Antalgiques (OFMA), Inserm, Faculté de Médecine , Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,b Centre de Pharmacovigilance et Addictovigilance, Pharmacologie Médicale , CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- c Université Paris Nanterre , Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Département de Psychologie , Nanterre , France
| | - Jean Perriot
- d Dispensaire Émile Roux , Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,e Pôle Psychiatrie B , CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Ingrid de Chazeron
- e Pôle Psychiatrie B , CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,f EA NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Georges Brousse
- e Pôle Psychiatrie B , CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,f EA NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- e Pôle Psychiatrie B , CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,f EA NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France
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Kempf C, Llorca PM, Pizon F, Brousse G, Flaudias V. What's New in Addiction Prevention in Young People: A Literature Review of the Last Years of Research. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1131. [PMID: 28729846 PMCID: PMC5498551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Addiction prevention is a major public health problem, particularly concerning young people. Despite the consensus that primary prevention is essential, the evaluation of its impact is questioned. Objective: The objective of this paper is to assess the latest knowledge of addiction prevention programs for young people. Method: Review a collection of research articles using a keyword-based search on three databases: Pubmed, Eric, and PsycInfo. The research was carried out using three groups of keywords and the eligibility study was completed using two criteria: articles published between 2010 and 2017, and articles in refereed journals. Results: Of a total of 13,720 articles in the three databases, 32 studies were included in the review and listed in a grid with five themes: authors, type of population, total population, addictive behavior, and results. Four categories were created based on the objective of the studies: the evaluation of prevention strategies, the study of risk factors for consumption, the prevalence study and other subjects studied. The analysis of the corpus was used to establish a list of risk factors to be taken into consideration in future interventions and research. A list of key elements for performing effective interventions and future research is also proposed. Conclusion: The understanding of the prevention strategies implementation process is discussed as a central element for future research, which will combine stakeholders and researchers. The complexity of the situations and the multifactorial aspects of addiction prevention in young people require a multidisciplinary approach involving the various stakeholders and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Kempf
- Laboratoire HESPER EA7425, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- EA NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne-Université d'AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie BClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frank Pizon
- Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS/SIGMA/Institut Pascal - UMR 6602 - TGI/PEPRADE - ESPE Clermont-AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- EA NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne-Université d'AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie BClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- EA NPsy-Sydo, Université Clermont Auvergne-Université d'AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie BClermont-Ferrand, France
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Zerhouni O, Bègue L, Duke AA, Flaudias V. Dynamic Exposure to Alcohol Advertising in a Sports Context Influences Implicit Attitudes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:422-8. [PMID: 26842261 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies investigating the impact of advertising with ecological stimuli on alcohol-related cognition are scarce. This research investigated the cognitive processes involved in learning implicit attitudes toward alcohol after incidental exposure to alcohol advertisements presented in a dynamic context. We hypothesized that incidental exposure to a specific alcohol brand would lead to heightened positive implicit attitudes toward alcohol due to a mere exposure effect. METHODS In total, 108 participants were randomly exposed to dynamic sporting events excerpts with and without advertising for a specific brand of alcohol, after completing self-reported measures of alcohol-related expectancies, alcohol consumption, and attitudes toward sport. Participants then completed a lexical decision task and an affective priming task. RESULTS We showed that participants were faster to detect brand name after being exposed to advertising during a sports game, and that implicit attitudes of participants toward the brand were more positive after they were exposed to advertising, even when alcohol usage patterns were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Incidental exposure to alcohol sponsorship in sport events impacts implicit attitudes toward the advertised brand and alcohol in general. The effect of incidental advertising on implicit attitudes is also likely to be due to a mere exposure effect. However, further studies should address this point specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oulmann Zerhouni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPPC2S, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, UFR SHS, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Bègue
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPPC2S, Grenoble, France.,Social Psychology, MSH Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Aaron A Duke
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPPC2S, Grenoble, France.,University Pierre Mendès-France, Grenoble, France.,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Flaudias V, Picot MC, Lopez-Castroman J, Llorca PM, Schmitt A, Perriot J, Georgescu V, Courtet P, Quantin X, Guillaume S. Executive Functions in Tobacco Dependence: Importance of Inhibitory Capacities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150940. [PMID: 26953688 PMCID: PMC4783097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Executive functions are linked to tobacco dependence and craving. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the impact of three executive functions: updating, inhibition and shifting processes on tobacco craving and dependence. Method 134 tobacco consumers were included in this study: 81 moderately (Fagerström score <7) and 53 heavily dependent (Fagerström score >7). Dependence was assessed with the Fagerström test and craving with the tobacco craving questionnaire (TCQ 12). We used the Stroop test and the Hayling test to measure inhibition, the Trail Making Test to measure shifting processes and the n-back test to measure updating processes. A multivariate logistic model was used to assess which variables explained best the level of nicotine dependence. Results Inhibition (p = 0.002) and updating (p = 0.014) processes, but not shifting processes, were associated with higher tobacco dependence. Inhibition capacity had a significant effect on the nicotine dependence level independently of age, education, time since last cigarette, intellectual quotient, craving, updating and shifting process. Conclusions Nicotine dependence level seems better explained by inhibition capacities than by craving and updating effects. The capacity to inhibit our behaviours is a good predictor of the severity of tobacco dependence. Our results suggest a prefrontal cortex dysfunction affecting the inhibitory capacities of heavy tobacco dependent smokers. Further studies are needed to investigate the application of these findings in the treatment of tobacco dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Schmitt
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile Roux, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier / INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Respiratory Disease Department, CHU Montpellier / Laboratoire Epsylon, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier / INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
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Flaudias V, de Chazeron I, Zerhouni O, Boudesseul J, Begue L, Bouthier R, Lévrier C, Llorca PM, Brousse G. Preventing Alcohol Abuse Through Social Networking Sites: A First Assessment of a Two-Year Ecological Approach. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e278. [PMID: 26681577 PMCID: PMC4704918 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention strategies to reduce alcohol use/consumption among young people are crucial to reducing alcohol-related deaths and preventing disease. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of a social networking site (SNS) alcohol prevention program targeted toward young people. Objective We hypothesized that the program would diminish the relation made by participants between alcohol and festive moments, and would result in a reduction of their declared consumption of alcohol at festive moments during the program. We also explored the interaction with the prevention program that was the most efficient. Methods The prevention program took the form of 3 lotteries over 2 years. The participants periodically received prevention messages, particularly on alcohol and festive moments (eg, videos on Facebook and short message service [SMS] text messages on their mobile phones). For the 3 periods, the participants had to answer questions exploring the level of their belief that alcohol consumption and festive moments are highly associated. A control group that did not participate in the prevention program was asked the same questions over the same number of days for the first 2 periods. During the second period, the participants were asked to answer questions about their alcohol consumption during parties. During the third period, we explored the interaction with the prevention program on the reduction of their belief that alcohol consumption and festive moments are associated. Results A total of 651 participants (age: mean 22.24, SD 4.10 years; women: n=430) during the first period, 301 participants (age: mean 21.27, SD 3.07 years; women n=199) during the second period, and 305 (age: mean 22.41, SD 4.65 years; women: n=190) during the third period correctly completed the survey. For the control group, 69 students completed the survey during the first period (age: mean 18.93, SD 1.14 years; women: n=59) and 50 during the second (age: mean 20.78, SD 1.94 years; women: n=45). We observed a significant reduction in the association of alcohol with festive moments in the participants over the 2 years (period 1: z=–4.80, P<.001; period 2: z=–2.11, P=.04; period 3: z=–2.30; P=.02), but not in the controls. We also observed a reduction in the number of glasses consumed during festive moments for the participants (z=–2.36, P=.02), but not for the controls during the second period. The third period showed that only the number of days since registration in the program had an impact on the reduction of the association of festive moments and alcohol consumption (t21=3.186, P=.005). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the SNS prevention program is promising in preventing the association of alcohol with festive moments and, more generally, in impacting social norms.
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Flaudias V, Brousse G, Llorca PM, Planche F, Brun J, De Chazeron I. 1099 – Hospital care for alcohol-dependent patients: attentional bias measured with the french version of the “alcohol stroop test”. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Flaudias V, Brousse G, de Chazeron I, Planche F, Brun J, Llorca PM. Treatment in hospital for alcohol-dependent patients decreases attentional bias. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:773-9. [PMID: 23785237 PMCID: PMC3682808 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s42556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies in alcohol-dependent patients have shown an attentional bias (AB) under related substance cues, which can lead to relapse. This AB can be evaluated by the alcohol Stroop test (AST). The AST is a modified Stroop task in which participants have to name the color of an alcohol-related word or a neutral word. AB is the response-time difference between these two types of words. The goal of the current study was to examine modification of AB during specialized hospitalization for alcohol dependence, with the suppression of a training bias that could be present in within-subject design. METHODS Individuals with alcohol-dependence disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) and admitted for withdrawal in the addiction unit of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (test group, n = 42) and persons with no alcohol or psychiatric disorder (control group, n = 16), recruited among colleagues and friends of the staff, performed the AST. A subgroup of the test group performed the AST in admission (admission group, n = 19), and another subgroup undertook the test immediately before discharge (discharge group, n = 23). RESULTS Results showed an AB only for patients seen at admission (F[1,55] = 3.283, P = 0.075). Moreover, we observed that the AB in the admission group (mean = 34 ms, standard deviation [SD] = 70.06) was greater than the AB in the control group (mean = 23 ms, SD = 93.42), itself greater than the AB in the discharge group (mean = -12 ms, SD = 93.55) (t[55] = -1.71; P = 0.09). CONCLUSION Although the results are preliminary, the present study provides evidence for changes in the AB during alcohol-addiction treatment and for the value of these methods to diminish AB during detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flaudias
- Clermont Université, EA 7280 NPsy-Sydo, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ; Pôle Psychiatrie B, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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