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Shabu SA, M-Amin K, Mahmood KI, Shabila NP. Risk Perception and Behavioral Response to COVID-19: A Survey of University Students and Staff in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Soc Work Public Health 2021; 36:474-485. [PMID: 33866952 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1915909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the risk perceptions and behavioral responses of university academics and students toward the COVID-19 pandemic. All universities in Iraqi Kurdistan were invited to take part in a self-administered online survey; 976 individuals ultimately completed it. The survey included eight main questions about personal risk perception and behavioral response to COVID-19 based on a five- or nine-point ordinal scale. A high percentage of the respondents perceived it as highly unlikely they were at risk of getting infection (26.9%), serious illness (29.7%), and death (41.7%). The percentage of the respondents who applied protective measures frequently or always was high for most protective behavior types, except for wearing masks, wearing gloves, and avoiding touching the face. There was a significant (P < .001) weak positive correlation between risk perception and protective behaviors. The respondents followed protective behavior measures reasonably, but the frequency of undertaking some important protective behaviors was relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherzad A Shabu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Karwan M-Amin
- College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Nazar P Shabila
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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2
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Hartney E. The Shadow Pandemic of Alcohol Use during COVID-19: A Canadian Health Leadership Imperative. Healthc Policy 2021; 16:17-24. [PMID: 34129475 PMCID: PMC8200837 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2021.26502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased alcohol consumption among Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our health systems in the short and longer term, through increased hospitalizations due to alcohol-related illness, addiction, violence and accidents. The increased stress due to involuntary unemployment, confinement and boredom during the pandemic has led to an escalation in alcohol use. It is imperative that policy makers recognize and address the inherently conflicting roles of provincial/territorial governments as regulators/retailers of alcohol and funders of healthcare and prioritize the development and implementation of an evidence-based framework to mitigate the increased population health risks of alcohol-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hartney
- Adjunct Professor, Royal Roads University; CEO/Director, Mind Science Consultants Inc., Victoria, BC
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3
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Restar AJ, Jin H, Jarrett B, Adamson T, Baral SD, Howell S, Beckham SW. Characterising the impact of COVID-19 environment on mental health, gender affirming services and socioeconomic loss in a global sample of transgender and non-binary people: a structural equation modelling. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e004424. [PMID: 33753401 PMCID: PMC7985976 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterised the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic conditions, access to gender affirmation services and mental health outcomes in a sample of global transgender (trans) and non-binary populations. METHODS Between 16 April 2020 and 3 August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of trans and non-binary people (n=849) through an online social networking app. We conducted structural equational modelling procedures to determine direct, indirect and overall effects between poor mental health (ie, depression and anxiety) and latent variables across socioecological levels: social (ie, reduction in gender affirming services, socioeconomic loss impact) and environmental factors (ie, COVID-19 pandemic environment). RESULTS Anxiety (45.82%) and depression (50.88%) in this sample were prevalent and directly linked to COVID-19 pandemic environment. Adjusted for gender identity, age, migrant status, region, education and level of socioeconomic status, our final model showed significant positive associations between relationships of (1) COVID-19 pandemic environment and socioeconomic loss impact (β=0.62, p<0.001), (2) socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services (β=0.24, p<0.05) and (3) reduction in gender affirming services and poor mental health (β=0.19, p<0.05). Moreover, socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services were found to be partial mediators in this model. CONCLUSION The study results supported the importance of bolstering access to gender affirming services and strengthening socioeconomic opportunities and programmatic support to buffer the impact of COVID-19 pandemic environment on poor mental health among trans and non-binary communities globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjee Javellana Restar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brooke Jarrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler Adamson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan David Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - S Wilson Beckham
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Szcześniak D, Gładka A, Misiak B, Cyran A, Rymaszewska J. The SARS-CoV-2 and mental health: From biological mechanisms to social consequences. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110046. [PMID: 32730915 PMCID: PMC7384993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) infection was reported. In only few weeks it has caused a global pandemic, with mortality reaching 3.4%, mostly due to a severe pneumonia. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the central nervous system (CNS) and mental health outcomes remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of other types of coronaviruses in the brain, especially in the brainstem. There is evidence that the novel coronavirus can penetrate CNS through the olfactory or circulatory route as well as it can have an indirect impact on the brain by causing cytokine storm. There are also first reports of neurological signs in patients infected by the SARS-Cov-2. They show that COVID-19 patients have neurologic manifestations like acute cerebrovascular disease, conscious disturbance, taste and olfactory disturbances. In addition, there are studies showing that certain psychopathological symptoms might appear in infected patients, including those related to mood and psychotic disorders as well as post-traumatic stress disorder. Accumulating evidence also indicates that the pandemic might have a great impact on mental health from the global perspective, with medical workers being particularly vulnerable. In this article, we provide a review of studies investigating the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS and mental health outcomes. We describe neurobiology of the virus, highlighting the relevance to mental disorders. Furthermore, this article summarizes the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 from the public health perspective. Finally, we present a critical appraisal of evidence and indicate future directions for studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Gładka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cyran
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland.
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Liné C, Andrieu B, Moro MR, Lachal J. Étude qualitative de l’expérience psychocorporelle des autotouchers faciaux spontanés chez des infirmiers portés volontaires en renfort covid. Rech Soins Infirm 2020:77-85. [PMID: 33319720 DOI: 10.3917/rsi.142.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction : The COVID-19 pandemic has warranted the implementation of barrier actions and the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE). These behavioral adaptations counteract spontaneous self-touching reflex gestures. I propose to explore the mind-body experience generated by these gesture changes in this health context.Method : I conducted a qualitative study with nine nurses who volunteered as reinforcements. The semistructured interviews I carried out were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach.Results : The perception of the risk of self-inoculation is not related to the level of virus exposure. Facial PPE is perceived both as reassuring and difficult to put up with. The experience of self-touches is influenced by the level of attention the subject pays to his or her face and by the medical background related to this. Three kinds of mind-body adaptations are used to control self-touching : control by avoidance, control by keeping one’s hands busy, and compensatory bodily strategies. The representations of the bodily self are modified in terms of gestures and of the feeling of humanness. This generates a form of bodily abandonment and a lived experience of soiled bodies.Conclusion : The results highlight the cognitive load involved in refraining from self-touching and with the wearing of facial PPE. They emphasize the importance of questioning the implications of these sensorimotor modifications. Supporting health professionals in assessing the mind-body repercussions in a pandemic situation appears key.
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Linnemayr S, Barreras JL, Izenberg M, Brooks RA, Gonzalez A, MacCarthy S. Longitudinal Assessment of Changes in Mental and Sexual Health Outcomes Due to COVID-19 Among Latinx SMM and TGW. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 85:e90-e92. [PMID: 32947443 PMCID: PMC8259611 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna L Barreras
- School of Social Work,California State University,Long Beach, CA
- Bienestar Human Services, Inc,Los Angeles, CA
| | - Max Izenberg
- Pardee RAND Graduate School,RAND Corporation,Santa Monica, CA
| | | | | | - Sarah MacCarthy
- Behavioral and Policy Sciences,RAND Corporation,Santa Monica, CA
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7
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Mamun MA, Syed NK, Griffiths MD. Indian celebrity suicides before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated risk factors: Evidence from media reports. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 131:177-179. [PMID: 32979693 PMCID: PMC7477604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabeel Kashan Syed
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, Trent University, United Kingdom
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8
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Ballivian J, Alcaide ML, Cecchini D, Jones DL, Abbamonte JM, Cassetti I. Impact of COVID-19-Related Stress and Lockdown on Mental Health Among People Living With HIV in Argentina. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 85:475-482. [PMID: 33136748 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has necessitated widespread lockdown to mitigate the pandemic. This study examines the influence of resilience on the impact of COVID-related stress and enforced lockdown on mental health, drug use, and treatment adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Argentina. SETTING PLWH residing predominantly in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area and urban regions of Argentina were identified from a private clinic electronic database. METHODS Participants completed an anonymous online survey to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on economic disruption, resilience, mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness), adherence to HIV treatment, and substance use. We performed ordinary least squares and logistic regressions to test whether resilient coping buffered the impact of economic disruption on mental health and drug use during quarantine. RESULTS A total of 1336 PLWH aged 18-82 were enrolled. The impact of economic disruption on mental health ΔF(1,1321) = 8.86, P = 0.003 and loneliness ΔF(1,1326) = 5.77, P = 0.016 was buffered by resilience. A 3-way interaction between resilient buffering, stress, and sex was significant ΔF(1,1325) = 4.76, P = 0.029. Participants reported less than excellent adherence to medication (33%), disruption to mental health services (11%), and disruption to substance abuse treatment (1.3%) during lockdown. DISCUSSION The impact of COVID-stress and lockdown on emotional distress seemed mitigated by resilience coping strategies, and the buffering impact of resilience on perceived stress was greater among women. Results highlight PLWH's capacity to adhere to treatment in challenging circumstances and the importance of developing resilience skills for better coping with stress and adversity.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Argentina
- Betacoronavirus
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/economics
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/psychology
- Female
- HIV Infections/complications
- HIV Infections/psychology
- Humans
- Intimate Partner Violence/trends
- Least-Squares Analysis
- Logistic Models
- Loneliness
- Male
- Mental Health/trends
- Mental Health Services/standards
- Middle Aged
- Pandemics/economics
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/economics
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/psychology
- Resilience, Psychological
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sex Factors
- Social Isolation/psychology
- Social Support
- Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/etiology
- Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/psychology
- Substance-Related Disorders/etiology
- Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Treatment Adherence and Compliance
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | | | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - John M Abbamonte
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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9
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Abstract
AIM To study the sleep and mental health of chronic insomnia patients in China during coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS A total of 764 patients with chronic insomnia were included in this study. From 17 January 2020 to 24 January 2020, insomnia, anxiety and physical symptoms were evaluated online, and they were followed up for 4 and 8 weeks. Main outcomes and indicators were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and each factor score, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), respectively. In addition, insomnia, anxiety and physical symptoms were assessed at baseline and at the end of fourth and eighth weeks. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the changes in patients' scale scores at different time points. RESULTS Among the 764 participants, there were 755 and 738 evaluators who completed the fourth and eighth weeks, respectively, and the questionnaire completion rates were 98.82% and 96.60%, respectively. Among them, there are 459 (60.0%) aged 41-60 years old, 546 (71.5%) women, 218 (28.5%) men and 313 (41%) college degrees. After 8 weeks of follow-up, the differences in sleep status, anxiety symptoms and physical symptoms were statistically significant. Among the factors of PSQI, there were differences in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance (disorder), sleep efficiency and daytime function. At 4 weeks of follow-up, there was a statistically significant difference in the use of hypnotic drugs; at 8 weeks of follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in the use of hypnotic drugs. CONCLUSION Under the influence of the COVID-19, the sleep status and anxiety of patients with chronic insomnia are affected by the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Zhenghe Yu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - You Xu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Special Examination, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Hongjing Mao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
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10
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Abstract
For decades, religion has provided explanations and answers to existential questions and queries that can emerge during a pandemic. This characteristic of religion has helped communities in finding answers and meanings to their confusions. During a pandemic, healthcare professionals are often unprepared in answering the patients' religious beliefs regarding the diseases. Moreover, patients are faced with religious clichés and stigma that results because of religious beliefs and practices. To overcome the religious stigma, a deeper understanding of religious beliefs and values is required so that a perception or practice change can take place. Therefore, the inclusion and collaboration of spiritual leaders with healthcare professionals are needed to ensure a holistic understanding and overcome the stigma that can shape as a barrier for reaching an optimal therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qaiser Iqbal
- University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Haque
- University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Saleem
- University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
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11
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Grannell A, le Roux CW, McGillicuddy D. "I am terrified of something happening to me" The lived experience of people with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12406. [PMID: 32885595 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is emerging as a risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity. The impact of the pandemic and knowledge of obesity as a risk factor on the lived experience of people with obesity is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2 ), currently engaged in multi-modal treatment. The primary objectives were to examine the impact of the pandemic on their lived experience from a treatment and psychosocial standpoint and additionally explore their awareness of obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity. An in-depth qualitative study was adopted employing semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. Interpretive thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data and identify key themes taking a grounded approach. Themes that emerged from the perspective of impact on lived experience were (a) challenge sustaining treatment and (b) psychosocial impact. There was an even split regarding awareness and lack of awareness of obesity as risk factor which itself contributes towards a negative psychosocial impact in most patients. The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a diverse challenge to people with obesity. This has implications for their on-going treatment. From an ethical standpoint, there is a need to fully elucidate the link between obesity and COVID-19, disseminate this information using people friendly language and imagery in a manner that does not exacerbate a harmful psychosocial response or lead to stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grannell
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Poteat TC, Reisner SL, Miller M, Wirtz AL. Vulnerability to COVID-19-related Harms Among Transgender Women With and Without HIV Infection in the Eastern and Southern U.S. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 85:e67-e69. [PMID: 33136755 PMCID: PMC7722524 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a new pandemic, and its impact by HIV status is unknown. National reporting does not include gender identity; therefore, data are absent on the impact of COVID-19 on transgender people, including those with HIV. Baseline data from the American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women in High Risk Areas (LITE) Study provide an opportunity to examine pre-COVID factors that may increase vulnerability to COVID-19-related harms among transgender women. SETTING Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Miami, New York City, Washington, DC. METHODS Baseline data from LITE were analyzed for demographic, psychosocial, and material factors that may affect vulnerability to COVID-related harms. RESULTS The 1020 participants had high rates of poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, homelessness, and sex work. Transgender women with HIV (n = 273) were older, more likely to be Black, had lower educational attainment, and were more likely to experience material hardship. Mental and behavioral health symptoms were common and did not differ by HIV status. Barriers to health care included being mistreated, provider discomfort serving transgender women, and past negative experiences; as well as material hardships, such as cost and transportation. However, most reported access to material and social support-demonstrating resilience. CONCLUSIONS Transgender women with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to pandemic harms. Mitigating this harm would benefit everyone, given the highly infectious nature of this coronavirus. Collecting gender identity in COVID-19 data is crucial to inform an effective public health response. Transgender-led organizations' response to this crisis serve as an important model for effective community-led interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia C. Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sari L. Reisner
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Andrea L. Wirtz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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13
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Satre DD, Iturralde E, Ghadiali M, Young-Wolff KC, Campbell CI, Leibowitz AS, Sterling SA. Treatment for Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Strategies. J Addict Med 2020; 14:e293-e296. [PMID: 33156267 PMCID: PMC7892198 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to exacerbate existing anxiety and substance use disorders (SUDs) and increase vulnerability among individuals previously free of these conditions. Numerous pandemic-related stressors-coronavirus infection fears, social distancing and isolation, activity restrictions, financial insecurity and unemployment, caregiving or childcare responsibilities-place a substantial burden both on the general population and on many health care providers. Anxiety symptoms such as worry, tension, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disruption are increasingly prevalent. For individuals in SUD treatment, anxiety can complicate efforts to achieve treatment goals. In this commentary, we outline the potential impact of anxiety on substance use problems during the COVID-19 crisis and describe key behavioral, pharmacological, and digital health treatment considerations. We highlight populations of special concern due to heightened vulnerability and challenges accessing services, strategies to support health care providers, and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek D. Satre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Esti Iturralde
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Murtuza Ghadiali
- Addiction Medicine and Recovery Services, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Cynthia I. Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Amy S. Leibowitz
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Stacy A. Sterling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
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Simmerling M. An Offering of Hope During COVID-19: A Personal Reflection. J Relig Health 2020; 59:2692-2696. [PMID: 32734517 PMCID: PMC7392123 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This essay offers a philosophical and spiritual exploration of some of the language that has become part of daily life amidst the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Simmerling
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA.
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15
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Dan B. DMCN 2020 highlights: COVID-19 and beyond. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1345. [PMID: 33146436 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Cox RC, Jessup SC, Luber MJ, Olatunji BO. Pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicts increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors: Evidence for a diathesis-stress model. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 76:102315. [PMID: 33007711 PMCID: PMC7507982 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although health anxiety and corresponding safety behaviors can facilitate disease transmission avoidance, they can be maladaptive in excess, including during the coronavirus pandemic. Disgust proneness (i.e., tendency to experience and be sensitive to disgust) is one factor that may predict elevated coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors during the pandemic, given the role of disgust in avoiding disease transmission. The present study examined the relations between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors in community adults who completed a 2016 study and were re-contacted on 4/1/2020 (N = 360). Interactions between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and current perceived stress were tested to examine a diathesis-stress model of the role of disgust proneness in anxiety response to the pandemic. Increased pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicted increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors, controlling for number of COVID-19 cases by state. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, current perceived stress moderated this effect, such that highest coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors were reported by those with high disgust proneness and high stress. Trait disgust proneness may be a vulnerability factor for anxiety responses to the coronavirus pandemic, particularly among individuals experiencing high stress. Assessing disgust proneness and current stress may facilitate targeted anxiety intervention during the pandemic.
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Abawi O, Welling MS, van den Eynde E, van Rossum EFC, Halberstadt J, van den Akker ELT, van der Voorn B. COVID-19 related anxiety in children and adolescents with severe obesity: A mixed-methods study. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12412. [PMID: 32920993 PMCID: PMC7685119 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 related lockdown measures in general paediatric cohorts. Since obesity is a risk factor for COVID-19 in adults, children (including adolescents) with obesity might perceive themselves to be vulnerable. Using a combined quantitative and qualitative approach, we explored COVID-19 related anxiety in paediatric patients with severe obesity in the Netherlands using semi-structured telephone interviews and the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire, which had also been completed by the study population at baseline in the year prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. In total, 75 families participated in the semi-structured telephone interviews during the lockdown, April 2020. Characteristics of included patients were: median age 10.5 years (interquartile range = 7.6-15.2); 52% female; mean BMI standard deviation score 3.8 (SD = 1.0). COVID-19 related anxiety was reported for 24/75 (32%) children. The mean decrease in PedsQL score between baseline visit and COVID-19 outbreak did not differ between children for whom anxiety was reported vs those for whom it was not (mean change -10.3 ± 36.5 vs -3.3 ± 24.4, P = .54). Self-imposed strict quarantine measures were taken by 19/75 (25%) families. During follow-up, several families reported that the previous contact alleviated their anxiety. In conclusion, healthcare professionals should address possible COVID-19 related anxiety in children with severe obesity. Addressing COVID-19 related anxiety could mitigate its potential negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozair Abawi
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mila S. Welling
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emma van den Eynde
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jutka Halberstadt
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erica L. T. van den Akker
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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18
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Kowalczyk O, Roszkowski K, Montane X, Pawliszak W, Tylkowski B, Bajek A. Religion and Faith Perception in a Pandemic of COVID-19. J Relig Health 2020; 59:2671-2677. [PMID: 33044598 PMCID: PMC7549332 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted religion and faith in different ways. Numerous restrictions have been implemented worldwide. Believers are in conflict with authorities' warnings that gatherings must be limited to combat the spread of the virus. Religion has always played a role of the balm for the soul, and the regular religious participation is associated with better emotional health outcomes. In our study, we examined whether the exposure to COVID-19 enhances the faith. The instrument used was a survey verifying the power of spirituality in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Kowalczyk
- Research and Education Unit for Communication in Healthcare, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Curie Sklodowskiej St. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Roszkowski
- Department of Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Romanowskiej St. 2, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Xavier Montane
- Departament de Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wojciech Pawliszak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Curie Sklodowskiej St. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Chemical Technologies Unit, Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering Chair of Urology and Andrology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza St. 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Lutz M, Hayney MS, Farraye FA, Caldera F. Reducing the Risk of Vaccine Preventable Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2868-2872. [PMID: 32979321 PMCID: PMC7513818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lutz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary S Hayney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Francis A Farraye
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Freddy Caldera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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20
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Xiao CX, Lin YJ, Lin RQ, Liu AN, Zhong GQ, Lan CF. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on negative emotions and sleep quality in COVID-19 patients: A clinical observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23185. [PMID: 33217826 PMCID: PMC7676563 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on negative mood and sleep quality in Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) patients.COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease, and there is still uncertainty about when the outbreak will be contained and the effectiveness of treatments. Considering that this disease is highly contagious, patients need to be treated in isolation. This may lead to psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression, and even sleep problems.This study is a clinical observation study.Participants included 79 COVID-19 patients admitted to a designated hospital for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan from February to March, 2020. Patients were selected and assigned to the control group and the observation group according to their wishes, with 40 and 39 cases in each group, respectively. The control group received routine treatment and nursing, and the observation group received progressive muscle relaxation training, in addition to the routine treatment and nursing. We compared scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) before and after the intervention.There was no significant difference in PSQI, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores between the control group and the observation group before the intervention (P > .05). After the intervention, the difference in scores of PSQI, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 in the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < .05).Progressive muscle relaxation training can significantly reduce anxiety and depression and improve sleep quality in COVID-19 patients during isolation treatment.Progressive muscle relaxation training was shown to improve the treatment effect of patients and is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cai-Feng Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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21
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Wang Y, Luo G, Shen M, Ge X, Huang Y, Wei T, Chen X. The effect of meditative movement on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23225. [PMID: 33217838 PMCID: PMC7676540 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia is currently ongoing all over the world. The treatment scheme is generally isolation treatment and symptomatic support treatment. While the majority of patients recover from this disease through methods above, COVID-19 Infection severely affect the physical and mental health of rehabilitation patients, as well as their living quality. Thus, meditative movement is needed to improve outcome of COVID-19 patients in recovery period. METHODS We will conduct systematic searches to identify all relevant studies without any language limitation from the following electronic databases from inception to October 2020: Medline, Ovid, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System and Wan fang Database. At the same time, we will search the following Clinical trial registries to identify records of on-going or completed but not yet published trials, including WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). No limits will be placed on language. The article will study the effect of meditative movement on the quality of life of convalescent patients. The main outcome will be the effect of meditative movement on the quality of life of patients in recovery period. The secondary results will select accompanying symptoms (including myalgia, cough, sputum, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea), disappearance rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), the quality of life improved, CT image improvement, average hospitalization time, occurrence rate of common type to severe form, clinical cure rate, and mortality. Data collection and management 3 authors will independently carry out data from eligible studies in a pretested and standardized Microsoft Excel sheet, with reciprocal validation of data extraction results. Data analysis and quantitative data synthesis will be performed using RevMan software (V.5.3). RESULTS The findings of the study will provide new and relatively high-quality evidence in meditative movement treatment for COVID-19. CONCLUSION The conclusion of systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether meditative movement is an effective intervention for patient with COVID-19 in recovery period. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020210256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital Chongming Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
| | - Gongwen Luo
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital Chongming Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
| | - Mou Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital Chongming Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
| | - Xin Ge
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital Chongming Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital Chongming Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
| | - Tian Wei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China
| | - Xianchuan Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital Chongming Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China
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22
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Humer E, Schimböck W, Kisler IM, Schadenhofer P, Pieh C, Probst T. How the COVID-19 Pandemic Changes the Subjective Perception of Meaning Related to Different Areas of Life in Austrian Psychotherapists and Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8600. [PMID: 33228105 PMCID: PMC7699404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We assessed psychotherapists' and patients' ratings of their subjective perception of meaning related to different areas of life before the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the time during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a quantitative cross-sectional study, Austrian psychotherapists (N = 222) were recruited by e-mail, who in turn recruited their patients (N = 139). Therapists and patients were asked to rate the meaning of different areas of life before as well as during the COVID-19 crisis. The psychotherapists showed an overall higher rating of the importance of areas of life compared to their patients (p < 0.001). The rating of the importance of the domains of living was differently affected by the COVID-19 situation (p < 0.001). While the meaning of physical and mental health during COVID-19 was rated higher than before, the opposite was observed for work (p < 0.001). No differences were found for relationships and friends, as well as for hobbies. As no interactions between perspective (therapists vs. patients), area of life, and time point (before vs. during COVID-19) were observed, it can be concluded that the COVID-19 situation changed the subjective attribution of meaning concerning different aspects of life similarly in therapists as well as patients. While mental and physical health gained subjective importance, the opposite was observed for work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Humer
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Schimböck
- ABILE-Viktor Frankl Education Austria, 3390 Melk, Austria; (W.S.); (I.-M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Ida-Maria Kisler
- ABILE-Viktor Frankl Education Austria, 3390 Melk, Austria; (W.S.); (I.-M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Petra Schadenhofer
- ABILE-Viktor Frankl Education Austria, 3390 Melk, Austria; (W.S.); (I.-M.K.); (P.S.)
- Telephone Emergency Service—Lower Austria (TelefonSeelsorge NÖ), Diocese St. Pölten, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.)
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.)
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23
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Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, Berchialla P, Bovetti M, Carosso AR, Malandrone F, Carletto S, Benedetto C. Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:703. [PMID: 33208115 PMCID: PMC7671935 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma, natural and man-made catastrophic events can be predictors of postpartum psychological distress. In a public health response due to coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the Italian government imposed a lockdown from March 9 to May 3. This extraordinary situation may have been challenging for maternal psychological health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms in women giving birth during the Covid-19 pandemic and its associations with quarantine measures, obstetrical factors, and relational attachment style. METHODS Women who gave birth in a high-volume obstetric/gynaecological medical centre located in an epidemic area during the Covid-19 pandemic (March 8 to June 15) were asked to complete an online survey about their childbirth experience and the perceived effect of the pandemic. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) were administered to assess levels of postpartum depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and relational style of attachment, respectively. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify associations between quarantine measures, childbirth experience, attachment style, and EPDS and IES-R scores. RESULTS The survey was completed by 163 women (response rate 60.8%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44.2% (EPDS cut-off score ≥ 11) and the PTSS rate was 42.9% (IES-R cut-off score ≥ 24). Dismissive and fearful avoidant attachment styles were significantly associated with the risk of depression and PTSS, respectively. Perceived pain during birth was a risk factor for postpartum depression. Perceived support provided by healthcare staff was a protective factor against depression and PTSS. Another protective factor against PTSS was quiet on the ward due to the absence of hospital visitors. CONCLUSION This study reports a high prevalence of postpartum depressive and PTSS in women who gave birth during the Covid-19 pandemic. Postnatal psychological distress seemed to be associated more with the prenatal experience and other individual factors than with the pandemic hospital restrictions. Early detection during pregnancy of an insecure attachment style is fundamental to provide targeted preventive and therapeutic psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ostacoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Service, City of Health and Science, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Bevilacqua
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Bovetti
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Clinical Psychology Service, City of Health and Science, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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24
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Kalok A, Sharip S, Abdul Hafizz AM, Zainuddin ZM, Shafiee MN. The Psychological Impact of Movement Restriction during the COVID-19 Outbreak on Clinical Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17228522. [PMID: 33212969 PMCID: PMC7698578 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia and the subsequent closure of all educational institutions. We aimed to examine the psychological impact of the MCO among clinical undergraduates. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires that were distributed online using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS 21), Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), and the newly designed MCO effect questionnaire. Seven hundred seventy-two students completed the survey. The prevalence of psychological distress was 52.8%, with around 60% of respondents reporting disruption to their daily lives. Older (p = 0.015) and more senior students (p < 0.001) were less likely to be anxious than their younger and junior counterparts, respectively. A greater number of social support (three or more) was linked to a lower score of depression (p = 0.005) and stress (p = 0.045). Undergraduates who received family support demonstrated lower depression scores (p = 0.037) and higher mental wellbeing (p = 0.020) compared to those without. Government support was independently associated with a lesser risk of depressive symptoms (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR 0.68; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.47–0.99) and a greater sense of mental wellbeing (AOR 1.54; 95% CI 1.06–2.22). The present finding provides evidence of a high prevalence of psychological distress among clinical undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate social support is important in alleviating anxiety and stress and promoting greater mental wellbeing amongst students during the nationwide quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kalok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (A.M.A.H.)
| | - Shalisah Sharip
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Muzhill Abdul Hafizz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (A.M.A.H.)
| | - Zulkifli Md Zainuddin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Nasir Shafiee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (A.K.); (A.M.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9145-6485
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25
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Huang F, Ding H, Liu Z, Wu P, Zhu M, Li A, Zhu T. How fear and collectivism influence public's preventive intention towards COVID-19 infection: a study based on big data from the social media. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1707. [PMID: 33198699 PMCID: PMC7667474 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite worldwide calls for precautionary measures to combat COVID-19, the public's preventive intention still varies significantly among different regions. Exploring the influencing factors of the public's preventive intention is very important to curtail the spread of COVID-19. Previous studies have found that fear can effectively improve the public's preventive intention, but they ignore the impact of differences in cultural values. The present study examines the combined effect of fear and collectivism on the public's preventive intention towards COVID-19 through the analysis of social media big data. METHODS The Sina microblog posts of 108,914 active users from Chinese mainland 31 provinces were downloaded. The data was retrieved from January 11 to February 21, 2020. Afterwards, we conducted a province-level analysis of the contents of downloaded posts. Three lexicons were applied to automatically recognise the scores of fear, collectivism, and preventive intention of 31 provinces. After that, a multiple regression model was established to examine the combined effect of fear and collectivism on the public's preventive intention towards COVID-19. The simple slope test and the Johnson-Neyman technique were used to test the interaction of fear and collectivism on preventive intention. RESULTS The study reveals that: (a) both fear and collectivism can positively predict people's preventive intention and (b) there is an interaction of fear and collectivism on people's preventive intention, where fear and collectivism reduce each other's positive influence on people's preventive intention. CONCLUSION The promotion of fear on people's preventive intention may be limited and conditional, and values of collectivism can well compensate for the promotion of fear on preventive intention. These results provide scientific inspiration on how to enhance the public's preventive intention towards COVID-19 effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Ding
- Graduate School, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peijing Wu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Finance and Economics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Ang Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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26
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Huang F, Ding H, Liu Z, Wu P, Zhu M, Li A, Zhu T. How fear and collectivism influence public's preventive intention towards COVID-19 infection: a study based on big data from the social media. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1707. [PMID: 33198699 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-46035/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite worldwide calls for precautionary measures to combat COVID-19, the public's preventive intention still varies significantly among different regions. Exploring the influencing factors of the public's preventive intention is very important to curtail the spread of COVID-19. Previous studies have found that fear can effectively improve the public's preventive intention, but they ignore the impact of differences in cultural values. The present study examines the combined effect of fear and collectivism on the public's preventive intention towards COVID-19 through the analysis of social media big data. METHODS The Sina microblog posts of 108,914 active users from Chinese mainland 31 provinces were downloaded. The data was retrieved from January 11 to February 21, 2020. Afterwards, we conducted a province-level analysis of the contents of downloaded posts. Three lexicons were applied to automatically recognise the scores of fear, collectivism, and preventive intention of 31 provinces. After that, a multiple regression model was established to examine the combined effect of fear and collectivism on the public's preventive intention towards COVID-19. The simple slope test and the Johnson-Neyman technique were used to test the interaction of fear and collectivism on preventive intention. RESULTS The study reveals that: (a) both fear and collectivism can positively predict people's preventive intention and (b) there is an interaction of fear and collectivism on people's preventive intention, where fear and collectivism reduce each other's positive influence on people's preventive intention. CONCLUSION The promotion of fear on people's preventive intention may be limited and conditional, and values of collectivism can well compensate for the promotion of fear on preventive intention. These results provide scientific inspiration on how to enhance the public's preventive intention towards COVID-19 effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Ding
- Graduate School, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peijing Wu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Finance and Economics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Ang Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Kim YJ, Kim ES. Relationship between Phobic Anxiety in Work and Leisure Activity Situations, and Optimistic Bias Associated with COVID-19 among South Koreans. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8436. [PMID: 33202624 PMCID: PMC7697353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the public is unable to maintain a proper balance between work and leisure, and an increase in community-based infections is causing severe phobic anxiety. Therefore, the present study investigated the differences in phobic anxiety between work and leisure activities according to optimistic bias among 533 South Korean citizens. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-tests, and a one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the data. The results showed that for leisure activities, women showed a higher perception of phobic anxiety. In addition, the group showing high optimistic bias had a higher perception of phobic anxiety in both work and leisure activity situations. Therefore, support measures to lower phobic anxiety among women are needed at the government level, while support and interest from family members are needed at home. Moreover, local governments must ensure active involvement to mitigate phobic anxiety among individuals, and measures are needed to more actively implement infectious disease prevention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E-Sack Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
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Rossinot H, Fantin R, Venne J. Behavioral Changes During COVID-19 Confinement in France: A Web-Based Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8444. [PMID: 33202686 PMCID: PMC7696923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A global pandemic due to COVID-19 emerged in November 2019 and hit France in early March 2020. It not only resulted in a loss of lives, but also in very strict confinement measures. The objective of this study was to understand what the determinants of the changes in participants' behavior and mental state were during the confinement. METHODS An online survey was launched on 23 April 2020 and closed on 7 May 2020. The final sample included 1454 participants from 24 to 65 years old. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were then performed. RESULTS In total, 28.7% reported having a more balanced diet, against 17.1% with a less balanced diet, 22.7% of respondents reported an increased alcohol consumption, as opposed to only 12.2% declaring a decrease, and 11.2% of respondents increased their tobacco consumption, while 6.3% decreased it. In total, 50.6% of the participants reported being more depressed, stressed, or irritable since the beginning of the lockdown. Confinement had a negative effect on every behavior studied in this survey, except for nutrition. We also found that negative mental state changes were strongly associated with nutrition, sleep, physical activity and alcohol consumption changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Rossinot
- Sharecare Europe, 8 rue de l’Hôtel de Ville, 92200 Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Romain Fantin
- Centro Centroamericano de Población, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica;
- Escuela de Salud Pública y Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Julien Venne
- UNU-MERIT (Maastricht Economic & Social Research Institute on Innovation & Technology), United Nations University, Maastricht University, 6211AX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Digital Health & Wellbeing (CDHW), Prasanna School of Public Health (PSPH), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Généreux M, Schluter PJ, Hung KKC, Wong CS, Pui Yin Mok C, O’Sullivan T, David MD, Carignan ME, Blouin-Genest G, Champagne-Poirier O, Champagne É, Burlone N, Qadar Z, Herbosa T, Ribeiro-Alves G, Law R, Murray V, Chan EYY, Pignard-Cheynel N, Salerno S, Lits G, d’Haenens L, Coninck DD, Matthys K, Roy M. One Virus, Four Continents, Eight Countries: An Interdisciplinary and International Study on the Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8390. [PMID: 33202706 PMCID: PMC7697775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about several features that increased the sense of fear and confusion, such as quarantine and financial losses among other stressors, which may have led to adverse psychosocial outcomes. The influence of such stressors took place within a broader sociocultural context that needs to be considered. The objective was to examine how the psychological response to the pandemic varied across countries and identify which risk/protective factors contributed to this response. An online survey was conducted from 29 May 2020-12 June 2020, among a multinational sample of 8806 adults from eight countries/regions (Canada, United States, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hong Kong, Philippines, New Zealand). Probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression episode (MDE) were assessed. The independent role of a wide range of potential factors was examined using multilevel logistic regression. Probable GAD and MDE were indicated by 21.0% and 25.5% of the respondents, respectively, with an important variation according to countries/regions (GAD: 12.2-31.0%; MDE: 16.7-32.9%). When considered together, 30.2% of the participants indicated probable GAD or MDE. Several factors were positively associated with a probable GAD or MDE, including (in descending order of importance) weak sense of coherence (SOC), lower age, false beliefs, isolation, threat perceived for oneself/family, mistrust in authorities, stigma, threat perceived for country/world, financial losses, being a female, and having a high level of information about COVID-19. Having a weak SOC yielded the highest adjusted odds ratio for probable GAD or MDE (3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.73-3.77). This pandemic is having an impact on psychological health. In some places and under certain circumstances, however, people seem to be better protected psychologically. This is a unique opportunity to evaluate the psychosocial impacts across various sociocultural backgrounds, providing important lessons that could inform all phases of disaster risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Généreux
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philip J. Schluter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury-Te Whare Wananga o Waitaha, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Kevin KC Hung
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Chi Shing Wong
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Catherine Pui Yin Mok
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Tracey O’Sullivan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
| | - Marc D. David
- Département de communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Marie-Eve Carignan
- Département de communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Gabriel Blouin-Genest
- School of Applied Politics, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Olivier Champagne-Poirier
- Département de communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Éric Champagne
- School of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; (É.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Burlone
- School of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; (É.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Zeeshan Qadar
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Teodoro Herbosa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Philippines, Manille Grand Manille 1000, Philippines;
| | | | - Ronald Law
- Department of Health, Manila, Manille 2932, Philippines;
| | | | - Emily Ying Yang Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | | | - Sébastien Salerno
- Université de Genève, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve 40, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Grégoire Lits
- Institut Langage et Communication, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Leen d’Haenens
- Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - David De Coninck
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Koenraad Matthys
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Family Medicine & Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
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Leeb RT, Bitsko RH, Radhakrishnan L, Martinez P, Njai R, Holland KM. Mental Health-Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, January 1-October 17, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:1675-1680. [PMID: 33180751 PMCID: PMC7660659 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6945a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Kim YJ, Qian L, Aslam MS. The impact of substance use disorder on the mental health among COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23203. [PMID: 33181701 PMCID: PMC7668455 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with a high risk of physical and mental illness such as anxiety, depression, personality disorders, eating disorders, and abnormal mood changes. During the pandemic, SUD, a significant problem related to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is affecting adolescents. The recent available literature also emphasizes understanding the relationship between mental illness and SUD. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the scientific approach and examine the presented findings of articles published on SUD during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus bibliographic databases. The grey literature on the impact of SUD on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents will be identified using scholar google. The dependability and credibility of the findings will be examined using the ConQual approach. The methodologies of the included studies will be compared using ROBIS (risk of bias in systematic reviews tool), a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and the JBI critical appraisal tool. The systematic review will be carried out on published articles, so it is exempt from ethics approval. The Center for Open Science (OSF) will be used as a data repository during the preparation of the protocol and completion of the systematic review. The research findings will be published in a related peer-reviewed journal.
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Gori A, Topino E, Di Fabio A. The protective role of life satisfaction, coping strategies and defense mechanisms on perceived stress due to COVID-19 emergency: A chained mediation model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242402. [PMID: 33186367 PMCID: PMC7665746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a worldwide emergency, which may have harmful consequences on people’s mental health. Parallel to research focused on risk factors, it could be useful to investigate the factors that help to cope with such crises at an emotional level. Therefore, this study aimed to strengthen the role of variables that protect from subjective distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, explore the pathways between satisfaction with life and perceived stress, and consider the role of coping strategies and defense mechanisms in this relationship. A sample of 1102 Italian participants who were experiencing the COVID-19 lockdown measures (Mage = 34.91, SD = 11.91) completed an online survey in which the Ten Item Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory and Forty-Item Defense Style Questionnaire were included. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderation analysis. A chained-mediation model showed that the relationship between life satisfaction and perceived stress is partially mediated by approach coping, positive attitude and mature defenses. This study contributes toward gaining a better understanding of a protective pathway for mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be useful from both a preventive and an intervention perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Di Fabio
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Letters and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ma Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Chen D, Wang T, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Yu Q, Jiang J, Fan F, Liu X. Mental health problems and correlates among 746 217 college students during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e181. [PMID: 33185174 PMCID: PMC7681173 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health concern all over the world. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population. This study aimed to assess the mental health problems and associated factors among a large sample of college students during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. METHODS This cross-sectional and nation-wide survey of college students was conducted in China from 3 to 10 February 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess psychosocial factors, COVID-19 epidemic related factors and mental health problems. Acute stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Chinese versions of the impact of event scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Univariate and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with mental health problems. RESULTS Among 821 218 students who participated in the survey, 746 217 (90.9%) were included for the analysis. In total, 414 604 (55.6%) of the students were female. About 45% of the participants had mental health problems. The prevalence rates of probable acute stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms were 34.9%, 21.1% and 11.0%, respectively. COVID-19 epidemic factors that were associated with increased risk of mental health problems were having relatives or friends being infected (adjusted odds ratio = 1.72-2.33). Students with exposure to media coverage of the COVID-19 ≥3 h/day were 2.13 times more likely than students with media exposure <1 h/day to have acute stress symptoms. Individuals with low perceived social support were 4.84-5.98 times more likely than individuals with high perceived social support to have anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition, senior year and prior mental health problems were also significantly associated with anxiety or/and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale survey of college students in China, acute stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms are prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple epidemic and psychosocial factors, such as family members being infected, massive media exposure, low social support, senior year and prior mental health problems were associated with increased risk of mental health problems. Psychosocial support and mental health services should be provided to those students at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J. Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y. Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - D. Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T. Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z. Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z. Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q. Yu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J. Jiang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - F. Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X. Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
It has been two months since Wuhan eased the lockdown and the people of Wuhan have been under great pressure during COVID-19. The psychological status among healthcare workers and residents were barely know due to the lack of research after Wuhan eased of the lockdown. The purpose of this study was to assess people's mental health and the changes after Wuhan eased the lockdown. A cross-sectional online study among citizens in Wuhan was conducted. Among 1417 participants, 387(27.0%) were frontline healthcare workers and 1035(73.0%) were residents from the general public. Their COVID-19 psychological status was evaluated using Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Results show that 16.1%,22.3% and 17.2% healthcare workers and 21.2%, 16.7% and 17.2% general public had symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD ranging from moderate to severe. Anxiety levels were not significantly different between healthcare workers and the general public. The decreased income and the frequent social media exposure are the risk factors for general public. Compared to the early COVID-19 epidemic period, the proportion of anxiety and depression among both the general public and health workers decreased after Wuhan eased the lockdown. Our finding can be used to help the government of Wuhan to develop psychological interventions to improve the mental health of the population and work as a reference of public health guidelines for other cities with severe COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Lu
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Lu
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Medical Records Statistics Division of Wuhan Forth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Trumello C, Bramanti SM, Ballarotto G, Candelori C, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Crudele M, Lombardi L, Pignataro S, Viceconti ML, Babore A. Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontline and Non-Frontline Professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8358. [PMID: 33198084 PMCID: PMC7696387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emergency situations have been associated with negative psychological adjustment outcomes in healthcare professionals, although studies on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic amongst Italian health workers are limited. The main aim of this study was to investigate the psychological adjustment of healthcare professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluating differences according to working or not with patients affected by COVID-19 and in areas with a more severe spread of this pandemic. Healthcare professionals' attitudes toward psychological support were analyzed. The levels of anxiety, depression, psychological stress, and professional quality of life (compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue) and attitudes toward psychological support were measured among 627 Italian healthcare workers (mean age = 40.55 years; SD = 11.49; range: 27-72). Significantly higher levels of stress, burnout, secondary trauma, anxiety, and depression were observed among professionals working with COVID-19 patients. Higher levels of stress and burnout and lower levels of compassion satisfaction were detected in professionals working in areas with higher rates of contagion. No interaction effects were found between working (or not) with patients affected by COVID-19 and working (or not) in areas with a more severe diffusion of this pandemic. Finally, in the group of professionals who worked with COVID-19 patients, the percentage of professionals who thought to ask for psychological support was twice that of the group that did not work with COVID-19 patients. The overall findings indicate that the mental health of frontline healthcare workers requires further consideration and that targeted prevention and intervention programs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Trumello
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Sonia Monique Bramanti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Giulia Ballarotto
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Carla Candelori
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno di Roma, 00186 Roma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Monia Crudele
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Silvia Pignataro
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Maria Luisa Viceconti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Alessandra Babore
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (S.P.); (M.L.V.)
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Cusinato M, Iannattone S, Spoto A, Poli M, Moretti C, Gatta M, Miscioscia M. Stress, Resilience, and Well-Being in Italian Children and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8297. [PMID: 33182661 PMCID: PMC7696524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has forced parents and children to adopt significant changes in their daily routine, which has been a big challenge for families, with important implications for family stress. In this study, we aimed to analyze the potential risk and protective factors for parents' and children's well-being during a potentially traumatic event such as the COVID-19 quarantine. Specifically, we investigated parents' and children's well-being, parental stress, and children's resilience. The study involved 463 Italian parents of children aged 5-17. All participants completed an online survey consisting of the Psychological General Well Being Index (PGWB) to assess parental well-being, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure children's well-being, the Parent Stress Scale (PSS) to investigate parental stress, and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) to measure children's resilience. The results show that confinement measures and changes in daily routine negatively affect parents' psychological dimensions, thus exposing children to a significant risk for their well-being. Our results also detect some risk factors for psychological maladjustments, such as parental stress, lower levels of resilience in children, changes in working conditions, and parental psychological, physical, or genetic problems. In this study, we attempted to identify the personal and contextual variables involved in the psychological adjustment to the COVID-19 quarantine to identify families at risk for maladjustment and pave the way for ad hoc intervention programs intended to support them. Our data show promising results for the early detection of the determinants of families' psychological health. It is important to focus attention on the needs of families and children-including their mental health-to mitigate the health and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cusinato
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Sara Iannattone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.G.)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Mikael Poli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Carlo Moretti
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (M.G.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy;
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López-Moreno M, López MTI, Miguel M, Garcés-Rimón M. Physical and Psychological Effects Related to Food Habits and Lifestyle Changes Derived from Covid-19 Home Confinement in the Spanish Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3445. [PMID: 33182816 PMCID: PMC7696994 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of COVID-19, millions of households have suffered mobility restrictions and changes in their lifestyle over several months. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on the food habits, lifestyle and emotional balance of the Spanish population. This cross-sectional study used data collected via an anonymous online questionnaire during the month before lockdown finished in Spain, with a total of 675 participants. 38.8% of the respondents experienced weight gain while 31.1% lost weight during confinement. The increase in body weight was positively correlated with age (Rs = 0.14, p < 0.05) and BMI (Rs = 0.20, p < 0.05). We also identified that 39.7% reported poorer quality sleep, positively correlated with BMI (Rs = -0.18, p < 0.05) and with age (Rs = -0.21, p < 0.05). 44.7% of the participants had not performed physical exercise during confinement with differences by sex (p < 0.05), by age (p < 0.05), by BMI (p < 0.05) and by sleep quality (p < 0.05). According to an emotional-eater questionnaire, 21.8% and 11% were classified as an emotional eater or a very emotional eater, respectively. We emphasize the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Iglesias López
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
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Shayganfard M, Mahdavi F, Haghighi M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Brand S. Health Anxiety Predicts Postponing or Cancelling Routine Medical Health Care Appointments among Women in Perinatal Stage during the Covid-19 Lockdown. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218272. [PMID: 33182388 PMCID: PMC7664877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To avoid spreading the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), health authorities have forced people to reorganize their working and private lives and to avoid open and public spaces as much as possible. This has also been the case for women both during pregnancy and after delivery. Here, we investigated the associations between subjective beliefs in risk of infections and health anxiety, depression, stress, and other perinatal dimensions. To this end, we assessed 103 women (mean age: 28.57 years) during pregnancy and after delivery. They completed a series of questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, perinatal information, health anxiety, post-partum depression, and stress. Sixty-six participants (64.1%) were in the pre-partum stage, and 37 (35.9%) were post-partum. Health anxiety was unrelated to depression or stress. Knowing and being close to infected people was associated with higher health anxiety. Strict following of the safety recommendations was associated with greater health anxiety, depression, and stress. Postponing or cancelling routine medical check appointments was observed among participants with high health anxiety scores. Higher illness severity, overall health anxiety scores, and lower stress scores predicted those participants who postponed or cancelled their routine medical check appointments. Post-partum stage and a larger number of children were associated with higher stress scores, but not with depression or stress. The results are of practical and clinical importance; it appears that health anxiety, which is to say fear of getting infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy or at the post-partum stage, was associated with postponing or cancelling routine medical check appointments, but not with stress or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 3848176341, Iran;
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 3848176341, Iran
| | - Fateme Mahdavi
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 3848176341, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 65174, Iran;
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA;
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA;
- Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health, Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 25529, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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Magnavita N, Soave PM, Ricciardi W, Antonelli M. Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Anesthetists during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218245. [PMID: 33171618 PMCID: PMC7664621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetist-intensivists who treat patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) are exposed to significant biological and psychosocial risks. Our study investigated the occupational and health conditions of anesthesiologists in a COVID-19 hub hospital in Latium, Italy. Ninety out of a total of 155 eligible workers (59%; male 48%) participated in the cross-sectional survey. Occupational stress was assessed with the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, organizational justice with the Colquitt Scale, insomnia with the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), and mental health with the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS). A considerable percentage of workers (71.1%) reported high work-related stress, with an imbalance between high effort and low rewards. The level of perceived organizational justice was modest. Physical activity and meditation—the behaviors most commonly adopted to increase resilience—decreased. Workers also reported insomnia (36.7%), anxiety (27.8%), and depression (51.1%). The effort made for work was significantly correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms (r = 0.396). Anesthetists need to be in good health in order to ensure optimal care for COVID-19 patients. Their state of health can be improved by providing an increase in individual resources with interventions for better work organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3473300367
| | - Paolo Maurizio Soave
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Janik E, Ceremuga M, Niemcewicz M, Bijak M. Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56:E591. [PMID: 33172013 PMCID: PMC7694656 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are various organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, which can cause severe illnesses to their hosts. Throughout history, pathogens have accompanied human populations and caused various epidemics. One of the most significant outbreaks was the Black Death, which occurred in the 14th century and caused the death of one-third of Europe's population. Pathogens have also been studied for their use as biological warfare agents by the former Soviet Union, Japan, and the USA. Among bacteria and viruses, there are high priority agents that have a significant impact on public health. Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Variola virus, Filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg), Arenoviruses (Lassa), and influenza viruses are included in this group of agents. Outbreaks and infections caused by them might result in social disruption and panic, which is why special operations are needed for public health preparedness. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that significantly impede treatment and recovery of patients are also valid threats. Furthermore, recent events related to the massive spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are an example of how virus-induced diseases cannot be ignored. The impact of outbreaks, such as SARS-CoV-2, have had far-reaching consequences beyond public health. The economic losses due to lockdowns are difficult to estimate, but it would take years to restore countries to pre-outbreak status. For countries affected by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), their health systems have been overwhelmed, resulting in an increase in the mortality rate caused by diseases or injuries. Furthermore, outbreaks, such as SARS-CoV-2, will induce serious, wide-ranging (and possibly long-lasting) psychological problems among, not only health workers, but ordinary citizens (this is due to isolation, quarantine, etc.). The aim of this paper is to present the most dangerous pathogens, as well as general characterizations, mechanisms of action, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Michal Ceremuga
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland;
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.J.); (M.N.)
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Ammar A, Mueller P, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, Bouaziz B, Brach M, Schmicker M, Bentlage E, How D, Ahmed M, Aloui A, Hammouda O, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Braakman-jansen A, Wrede C, Bastoni S, Pernambuco CS, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Taheri M, Irandoust K, Khacharem A, Bragazzi NL, Adrian Washif J, Glenn JM, Bott NT, Gargouri F, Chaari L, Batatia H, khoshnami SC, Samara E, Zisi V, Sankar P, Ahmed WN, Ali GM, Abdelkarim O, Jarraya M, El Abed K, Romdhani M, Souissi N, Van Gemert-Pijnen L, Bailey SJ, Moalla W, Gómez-Raja J, Epstein M, Sanderman R, Schulz S, Jerg A, Al-Horani R, Mansi T, Jmail M, Barbosa F, Ferreira-Santos F, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Gaggioli A, Zmijewski P, Steinacker JM, Strahler J, Riemann L, Riemann BL, Mueller N, Chamari K, Driss T, Hoekelmann A. Psychological consequences of COVID-19 home confinement: The ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240204. [PMID: 33152030 PMCID: PMC7643949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily-living. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey (ECLB-COVID19) was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing. METHODS The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online-survey-platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia and the Americas. All participants were asked for their mental wellbeing (SWEMWS) and depressive symptoms (SMFQ) with regard to "during" and "before" home confinement. RESULTS Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental-wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p < .001 and Δ% = 9.4%) in total score of the SWEMWS questionnaire was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing "during" compared to "before" home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p < .001) in SMFQ total score with more people (+10%) showing depressive symptoms "during" compared to "before" home confinement. CONCLUSION The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning, UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Patrick Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michael Brach
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marlen Schmicker
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Bentlage
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniella How
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mona Ahmed
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Asma Aloui
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Christian Wrede
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Bastoni
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Morteza Taheri
- Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aïmen Khacharem
- UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes; LIRTES-EA 7313. Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Bott
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Faiez Gargouri
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Chaari
- Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT, Toulouse, France
| | - Hadj Batatia
- Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Vasiliki Zisi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Parasanth Sankar
- Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Waseem N. Ahmed
- Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala, India
| | | | - Osama Abdelkarim
- Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruher, Germany
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kais El Abed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Wassim Moalla
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jonathan Gómez-Raja
- FundeSalud, Dept. of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, Merida, Spain
| | | | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Achim Jerg
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramzi Al-Horani
- Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Taysir Mansi
- Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Laurel Riemann
- PharmD, BCBS; PharmIAD, Inc, Savannah, GA, United States of America
| | - Bryan L. Riemann
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States of America
| | - Notger Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory ''Sport Performance Optimization'', ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning, UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Roma P, Monaro M, Colasanti M, Ricci E, Biondi S, Di Domenico A, Verrocchio MC, Napoli C, Ferracuti S, Mazza C. A 2-Month Follow-Up Study of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218180. [PMID: 33167479 PMCID: PMC7663995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has called for unprecedented measures, including a national lockdown in Italy. The present study aimed at identifying psychological changes (e.g., changes in depression, stress, and anxiety levels) among the Italian public during the lockdown period, in addition to factors associated with these changes. An online follow-up survey was administered to 439 participants (original sample = 2766), between 28 April and 3 May 2020. A paired sample t-test tested for differences in stress, anxiety, and depression over the period. Multivariate regression models examined associations between sociodemographic variables, personality traits, coping strategies, depression, and stress. Results showed an increase in stress and depression over the lockdown, but not anxiety. Negative affect and detachment were associated with higher levels of depression and stress. Higher levels of depression at the start of the lockdown, as well as fewer coping strategies and childlessness, were associated with increased depression at follow-up, whereas higher levels of stress at the start of the lockdown and younger age were associated with higher stress at follow-up. These results may help us to identify persons at greater risk of suffering from psychological distress as a result lockdown conditions, and inform psychological interventions targeting post-traumatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Roma
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Eleonora Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvia Biondi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Cristina Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3461374688
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Kasting ML, Head KJ, Hartsock JA, Sturm L, Zimet GD. Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241662. [PMID: 33147261 PMCID: PMC7641367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health threat, both in scope and response. With no vaccine available, the public is advised to practice non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) including social distancing, mask-wearing, and washing hands. However, little is known about public perceptions of the effectiveness of these measures, and high perceived effectiveness is likely to be critical in order to achieve widespread adoption of NPI. Methods In May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among U.S. adults (N = 3,474). The primary outcome was a six-item measure assessing perceived effectiveness of recommended behaviors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection from 1 (not at all effective) to 5 (extremely effective). The sample was divided into “higher” and “lower” perceived effectiveness groups. Covariates included demographics, healthcare characteristics, and health beliefs. Variables that were significant at p<0.01 in bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable logistic regression and a best-fit model was created using a cutoff of p<0.01 to stay in the model. Results Mean age was 45.5 years and most participants were non-Hispanic White (63%) and female (52.4%). The high perceived effectiveness group was slightly larger than the low perceived effectiveness group (52.7% vs. 47.3%). Almost all health belief variables were significant in the best-fit regression model. COVID-19-related worry (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.64–2.02), and perceived threat to physical health (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.20–1.45) were positively associated with perceived effectiveness while perceived severity of COVID-19 (0.84; 95% CI = 0.73–0.96) and perceived likelihood of infection (0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) switched directions in the adjusted model and were negatively associated with perceived effectiveness. Conclusions This research indicates people generally believe NPI are effective, but there was variability based on health beliefs and there are mixed rates of engagement in these behaviors. Public health efforts should focus on increasing perceived severity and threat of SARS-CoV-2-related disease, while promoting NPI as effective in reducing threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Kasting
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katharine J. Head
- Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jane A. Hartsock
- Department of Clinical and Organizational Ethics, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Bioethics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Medical Humanities & Health Studies Program, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lynne Sturm
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Zimet
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Smith LE, Mottershaw AL, Egan M, Waller J, Marteau TM, Rubin GJ. The impact of believing you have had COVID-19 on self-reported behaviour: Cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240399. [PMID: 33147219 PMCID: PMC7641362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether people who think they have had COVID-19 are less likely to report engaging with lockdown measures compared with those who think they have not had COVID-19. Design On-line cross-sectional survey. Setting Data were collected between 20th and 22nd April 2020. Participants 6149 participants living in the UK aged 18 years or over. Main outcome measures Perceived immunity to COVID-19, self-reported adherence to social distancing measures (going out for essential shopping, nonessential shopping, and meeting up with friends/family; total out-of-home activity), worry about COVID-19 and perceived risk of COVID-19 to oneself and people in the UK. Knowledge that cough and high temperature / fever are the main symptoms of COVID-19. We used logistic regression analyses and one-way ANOVAs to investigate associations between believing you had had COVID-19 and binary and continuous outcomes respectively. Results In this sample, 1493 people (24.3%) thought they had had COVID-19 but only 245 (4.0%) reported having received a positive test result. Reported test results were often incongruent with participants’ belief that they had had COVID-19. People who believed that they had had COVID-19 were: more likely to agree that they had some immunity to COVID-19; less likely to report adhering to lockdown measures; less worried about COVID-19; and less likely to know that cough and high temperature / fever are two of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Conclusions At the time of data collection, the percentage of people in the UK who thought they had already had COVID-19 was about twice the estimated infection rate. Those who believed they had had COVID-19 were more likely to report leaving home. This may contribute to transmission of the virus. Clear communications to this growing group are needed to explain why protective measures continue to be important and to encourage sustained adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Smith
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mark Egan
- Behavioural Insights Team, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Waller
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa M. Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G. James Rubin
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London, United Kingdom
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C. Y. Yeung N, Huang B, Lau CYK, Lau JTF. Feeling Anxious amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosocial Correlates of Anxiety Symptoms among Filipina Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218102. [PMID: 33153082 PMCID: PMC7662612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts psychological well-being (e.g., anxiety symptoms) among the general population of Hong Kong and migrant Filipina domestic helpers (FDHs). Having to live with the employers by law, FDHs’ working environment might affect their well-being during COVID-19 (e.g., household crowdedness/size, insufficiency of protective equipment against COVID-19, increased workload). Research has suggested that coping resources (e.g., social support, COVID-19-related information literacy) and COVID-19-specific worries are associated with people’s well-being during COVID-19. This study examined the psychosocial correlates of probable anxiety among FDHs in Hong Kong amid the COVID-19 pandemic. By purposive sampling, FDHs (n = 295) were recruited and invited to complete a cross-sectional survey. Participants’ working environment (crowdedness, household size), COVID-19 job arrangements (workload, provision of protective equipment), coping resources (social support, COVID-19 information literacy), COVID-19-specific worries (contracting COVID-19, getting fired if contracting COVID-19), and anxiety symptoms were measured. Multivariate regression results showed that the insufficiency of protective equipment (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.11), increased workload (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.02, 2.25), and worries about being fired if getting COVID-19 (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.68) were significantly associated with probable anxiety. This was one of the earliest studies to indicate that job arrangements and COVID-19-specific worries significantly contributed to FDHs’ anxiety symptoms. Our findings shed light on the importance of addressing employment-related rights and pandemic-specific worries through interventions among FDHs in Hong Kong during pandemic situations.
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Luo C, Li Y, Chen A, Tang Y. What triggers online help-seeking retransmission during the COVID-19 period? Empirical evidence from Chinese social media. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241465. [PMID: 33141860 PMCID: PMC7608884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The past nine months witnessed COVID-19's fast-spreading at the global level. Limited by medical resources shortage and uneven facilities distribution, online help-seeking becomes an essential approach to cope with public health emergencies for many ordinaries. This study explores the driving forces behind the retransmission of online help-seeking posts. We built an analytical framework that emphasized content characteristics, including information completeness, proximity, support seeking type, disease severity, and emotion of help-seeking messages. A quantitative content analysis was conducted with a probability sample consisting of 727 posts. The results illustrate the importance of individual information completeness, high proximity, instrumental support seeking. This study also demonstrates slight inconformity with the severity principle but stresses the power of anger in help-seeking messages dissemination. As one of the first online help-seeking diffusion analyses in the COVID-19 period, our research provides a reference for constructing compelling and effective help-seeking posts during a particular period. It also reveals further possibilities for harnessing social media's power to promote reciprocal and cooperative actions as a response to this deepening global concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yuru Li
- Centre for Media, Communication & Information Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anfan Chen
- School of Humanity and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Institute of Communication Studies, Communication University of China, Beijing, China
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Arnetz JE, Goetz CM, Arnetz BB, Arble E. Nurse Reports of Stressful Situations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Analysis of Survey Responses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8126. [PMID: 33153198 PMCID: PMC7663126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed nurses to conditions that threaten their health, well-being, and ability to work. It is therefore critical to study nurses' experiences and well-being during the current crisis in order to identify risk groups for ill health and potential sources of organizational intervention. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of the most salient sources of stress in the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic in a sample of U.S. nurses. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among a sample of 695 U.S. nurses in May 2020. Content analysis was conducted on nurses' responses (n = 455) to an open-ended question on the most stressful situations they had experienced during the pandemic. Six distinct themes emerged from the analysis: exposure/infection-self; illness/death-others; workplace; personal protective equipment/supplies; unknowns; opinions/politics. Two sub-themes concerned restrictions associated with the pandemic and feelings of inadequacy/helplessness regarding patients and their treatment. More than half of all comments concerned stress related to problems in workplace response to the pandemic. Healthcare institutions should provide opportunities for nurses to discuss the stress they are experiencing, support one another, and make suggestions for workplace adaptations during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.M.G.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Courtney M. Goetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.M.G.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Bengt B. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.M.G.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Eamonn Arble
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA;
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Galasso V, Pons V, Profeta P, Becher M, Brouard S, Foucault M. Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020. [PMID: 33060298 DOI: 10.3386/w27359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial public health response to the breakout of COVID-19 required fundamental changes in individual behavior, such as isolation at home or wearing masks. The effectiveness of these policies hinges on generalized public obedience. Yet, people's level of compliance may depend on their beliefs regarding the pandemic. We use original data from two waves of a survey conducted in March and April 2020 in eight Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries (n = 21,649) to study gender differences in COVID-19-related beliefs and behaviors. We show that women are more likely to perceive COVID-19 as a very serious health problem, to agree with restraining public policy measures, and to comply with them. Gender differences in attitudes and behavior are sizable in all countries. They are accounted for neither by sociodemographic and employment characteristics nor by psychological and behavioral factors. They are only partially mitigated for individuals who cohabit or have direct exposure to the virus. We show that our results are not due to differential social desirability bias. This evidence has important implications for public health policies and communication on COVID-19, which may need to be gender based, and it unveils a domain of gender differences: behavioral changes in response to a new risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Galasso
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Economic Policy Research, EC1V 0DX, London, UK
- Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research, 20136 Milan, Italy
- Dondena Center, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Pons
- Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Paola Profeta
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy;
- Dondena Center, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Becher
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, University Toulouse 1 Capitole, 31080 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Brouard
- Department of Political Science, Sciences Po, 75007 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherches Politiques de Sciences Po, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Martial Foucault
- Department of Political Science, Sciences Po, 75007 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherches Politiques de Sciences Po, 75007 Paris, France
- CNRS, 75 016 Paris, France
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Lee K, Jeong GC, Yim J. Consideration of the Psychological and Mental Health of the Elderly during COVID-19: A Theoretical Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8098. [PMID: 33153074 PMCID: PMC7663449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread worldwide causing an unprecedented public health crisis. After the World Health Organization declared a pandemic in March 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has continued to increase. This situation may be prolonged until an effective, tested, and safe treatment is available. COVID-19 can occur at any age. However, the maximum confirmed cases and deaths have occurred among the elderly. Particularly, the mental and physical health of the elderly aged above 60 and classified as high-risk groups is more vulnerable than other age groups, requiring more attention. Strong social restraint, social distancing, and quarantine measures to prevent the COVID-19 spread have raised concerns about their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze and identify the psychological concepts and protective factors that support and constitute these guidelines and strategies and prepare practical suggestions and guidelines to protect the mental health of the elderly during COVID-19. These discussions will facilitate a deeper understanding and expansion of these guidelines and strategies. Therefore, this study explores factors-including pandemic-induced stress, self-integration, self-efficacy, and resilience-in order to prepare practical and detailed suggestions and guidelines using studies that considered these factors, including coping with COVID-19-induced stress, social support, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunho Lee
- Department of Counselling Psychology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; (K.L.); (G.-C.J.)
| | - Goo-Churl Jeong
- Department of Counselling Psychology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea; (K.L.); (G.-C.J.)
| | - JongEun Yim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
- Active Aging Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
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Leandro GH, Martins DC, Vaz IM, Rios J. [The Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Approach in COVID-19 Patients with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Portugal]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2020; 33:778. [PMID: 33160427 DOI: 10.20344/amp.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Henriques Leandro
- Serviço de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação. Hospital de Faro. Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve. Faro. Portugal
| | - Daniela Costa Martins
- Serviço de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação. Hospital de Faro. Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve. Faro. Portugal
| | | | - Jonathan Rios
- Centro de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação do Sul. Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve. São Brás de Alportel. Portugal
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