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Xu X, Wu G. Non-canonical Golgi-compartmentalized Gβγ signaling: mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:98-111. [PMID: 36494204 PMCID: PMC9901158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein Gβγ subunits are key mediators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling under physiological and pathological conditions; their inhibitors have been tested for the treatment of human disease. Conventional wisdom is that the Gβγ complex is activated and subsequently exerts its functions at the plasma membrane (PM). Recent studies have revealed non-canonical activation of Gβγ at intracellular organelles, where the Golgi apparatus is a major locale, via translocation or local activation. Golgi-localized Gβγ activates specific signaling cascades and regulates fundamental cell processes such as membrane trafficking, proliferation, and migration. More recent studies have shown that inhibiting Golgi-compartmentalized Gβγ signaling attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and prostate tumorigenesis, indicating new therapeutic targets. We review novel activation mechanisms and non-canonical functions of Gβγ at the Golgi, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions by targeting Golgi-biased Gβγ-directed signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Chen H, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Targeting GRK2 and GRK5 for treating chronic degenerative diseases: Advances and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Adipose-derived stem cells regulate CD4+ T-cell-mediated macrophage polarization and fibrosis in fat grafting in a mouse model. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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4
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Karuppagounder V, Pinamont W, Yoshioka N, Elbarbary R, Kamal F. Early Gβγ-GRK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Development by Simultaneous Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147933. [PMID: 35887281 PMCID: PMC9323311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an important regulator of inflammation and pathological macrophage phenotype in a variety of diseases. We hypothesize that Gβγ-GRK2 signaling promotes the early inflammatory response and chondrocyte loss in osteoarthritis (OA). Using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model in 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, we determined the role of Gβγ-GRK2 signaling in synovitis, macrophage activation, and OA development. We achieved Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition at the time of DMM by administering the Gβγ inhibitor “gallein” and the GRK2 inhibitor “paroxetine” daily, starting from 2 days before DMM surgery, for a duration of 1 or 12 weeks. Synovial and cartilage structural changes were evaluated by histomorphometry, and molecular events and macrophage activation were examined. We studied the direct role of Gβγ-GRK2 in synovitis and macrophage activation in vitro using SW982 and THP1 cells. Continuous Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition initiated at the time of DMM attenuated OA development and decreased chondrocyte loss more effectively than delayed treatment. GRK2 expression and the M1 macrophage phenotype were elevated in the inflamed synovium, while early gallein and paroxetine treatment for 1 and 12 weeks following DMM resulted in their reduction and an upregulated M2 macrophage phenotype. In vitro experiments showed that Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition attenuated synoviocyte inflammation and the M1 phenotype. We show that early Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition is of higher therapeutic efficacy in OA than delayed inhibition, as it prevents OA development by inhibiting the early inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - William Pinamont
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Natalie Yoshioka
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Reyad Elbarbary
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (F.K.); Tel.: +717-531-4808 (F.K.)
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (F.K.); Tel.: +717-531-4808 (F.K.)
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5
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Gajić D, Despotović S, Koprivica I, Miljković Đ, Saksida T. Ethyl Pyruvate Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121768. [PMID: 34944410 PMCID: PMC8698267 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has profound anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Here, its effects were determined on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced in mice by heart-specific myosin-alpha heavy chain peptide immunization. EP was applied intraperitoneally, daily, starting with the immunization. Severity of EAM was determined by histological assessment of immune cell infiltrates into the heart. Cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. Concentration of cytokines in cell culture supernatants and sera was determined by ELISA. EP reduced the infiltration of immune cells into the heart and lessened heart inflammation. Smaller number of total immune cells, as well as of CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells were isolated from the hearts of EP-treated mice. A reduced number of antigen-presenting cells, detected by anti-CD11c, MHC class II and CD86 antibodies, as well as of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, detected by anti-CD4, IFN-γ and IL-17 antibodies, was determined in mediastinal lymph nodes draining the heart, in parallel. In the spleen, only the number of CD11c+ cells were reduced, but not of the other examined populations, thus implying limited systemic effect of EP. Reduced production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by myosin-alpha heavy chain peptide-restimulated cells of the lymph nodes draining the site of immunization was observed in EP-treated mice. Our results clearly imply that EP restrains autoimmunity in EAM. Therapeutic application of EP in the treatment of myocarditis in humans should be addressed in the forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Gajić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.G.); (I.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Sanja Despotović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivan Koprivica
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.G.); (I.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.G.); (I.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078390
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.G.); (I.K.); (T.S.)
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6
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Roberge N, Neville N, Douchant K, Noordhof C, Boev N, Sjaarda C, Sheth PM, Jia Z. Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Bacterial Polyphosphate Homeostasis Attenuates Virulence Factors and Helps Reveal Novel Physiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:764733. [PMID: 34764949 PMCID: PMC8576328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.764733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae currently rank amongst the most antibiotic-resistant pathogens, responsible for millions of infections each year. In the wake of this crisis, anti-virulence therapeutics targeting bacterial polyphosphate (polyP) homeostasis have been lauded as an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics. In this work, we show that the small molecule gallein, a known G-protein βγ subunit modulator, also recently proven to have dual-specificity polyphosphate kinase (PPK) inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in turn exhibits broad-spectrum PPK inhibition in other priority pathogens. Gallein treatment successfully attenuated virulence factors of K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii including biofilm formation, surface associated motility, and offered protection against A. baumannii challenge in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection. This was highlighted most importantly in the critically understudied A. baumannii, where gallein treatment phenocopied a ppk1 knockout strain of a previously uncharacterized PPK1. Subsequent analysis revealed a unique instance of two functionally and phenotypically distinct PPK1 isoforms encoded by a single bacterium. Finally, gallein was administered to a defined microbial community comprising over 30 commensal species of the human gut microbiome, demonstrating the non-disruptive properties characteristic of anti-virulence treatments as microbial biodiversity was not adversely influenced. Together, these results emphasize that gallein is a promising avenue for the development of broad-spectrum anti-virulence therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Roberge
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nolan Neville
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Katya Douchant
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Curtis Noordhof
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nadejda Boev
- Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (Q-GLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Calvin Sjaarda
- Queen's Genomics Lab at Ongwanada (Q-GLO), Ongwanada Resource Center, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Prameet M Sheth
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit (GIDRU), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zongchao Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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7
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Valencia-Guzmán CJ, Castro-Ruiz JE, García-Gasca T, Rojas-Molina A, Romo-Mancillas A, Luna-Vázquez FJ, Rojas-Molina JI, Ibarra-Alvarado C. Endothelial TRP channels and cannabinoid receptors are involved in affinin-induced vasodilation. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104985. [PMID: 34237389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Affinin is mainly recognized by its antinociceptive effect. Recently, our research group demonstrated that this compound produces vasodilation via activation of the gasotransmitters signaling pathways. However, the molecular targets of affinin were not identified. Considering the structural similarity of this alkamide with anandamide, we hypothesized that affinin-induced vasodilation could involve participation of TRP channels and cannabinoid receptors. In this work, by using the isolated rat aorta assay, we assessed involvement of TRP channels, the cannabinoid system, and the HNO-CGRP-TRPA1 pathway on the mechanism of action of affinin. Additionally, we measured NO and H2S levels elicited by affinin on rat aorta homogenates and carried out computer simulations of molecular interactions between affinin and the TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels and the CB1 receptor. Our results indicated that affinin induces an increase in aortic NO and H2S levels. We found evidence that the vasodilator effect induced by affinin involves activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels and the CB1 and eCB receptors. In silico analyses showed that affinin is able to bind with high affinity to these molecular targets. Moreover, we also proved that affinin-induced vasodilation is partly mediated via activation of the HNO-TRPA1-CGRP pathway. Based on these results we propose a novel mechanism of action to explain the vasodilatory effect of affinin, which could be developed as an alternative drug to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Valencia-Guzmán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
| | - Jesús E Castro-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Rojas-Molina
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
| | - Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Laboratorio de Diseño Asistido por Computadora y Síntesis de Fármacos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Luna-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Juana I Rojas-Molina
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - César Ibarra-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
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8
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A Dual-Specificity Inhibitor Targets Polyphosphate Kinase 1 and 2 Enzymes To Attenuate Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mBio 2021; 12:e0059221. [PMID: 34126765 PMCID: PMC8262977 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00592-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, which are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. Polyphosphate (polyP) plays a key role in P. aeruginosa virulence, stress response, and antibiotic tolerance, suggesting an attractive drug target. Here, we show that the small molecule gallein disrupts polyphosphate homeostasis by inhibiting all members of both polyphosphate kinase (PPK) families (PPK1 and PPK2) encoded by P. aeruginosa, demonstrating dual-specificity PPK inhibition for the first time. Inhibitor treatment phenocopied ppk deletion to reduce cellular polyP accumulation and attenuate biofilm formation, motility, and pyoverdine and pyocyanin production. Most importantly, gallein attenuated P. aeruginosa virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model and synergized with antibiotics while exhibiting negligible toxicity toward the nematodes or HEK293T cells, suggesting our discovery of dual-specificity PPK inhibitors as a promising starting point for the development of new antivirulence therapeutics.
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9
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Carlson EL, Karuppagounder V, Pinamont WJ, Yoshioka NK, Ahmad A, Schott EM, Le Bleu HK, Zuscik MJ, Elbarbary RA, Kamal F. Paroxetine-mediated GRK2 inhibition is a disease-modifying treatment for osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/580/eaau8491. [PMID: 33568523 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, with no available disease-modifying therapy. OA is driven by pathological chondrocyte hypertrophy (CH), the cellular regulators of which are unknown. We have recently reported the therapeutic efficacy of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibition in other diseases by recovering protective G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. However, the role of GPCR-GRK2 pathway in OA is unknown. Thus, in a surgical OA mouse model, we performed genetic GRK2 deletion in chondrocytes or pharmacological inhibition with the repurposed U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressant paroxetine. Both GRK2 deletion and inhibition prevented CH, abated OA progression, and promoted cartilage regeneration. Supporting experiments with cultured human OA cartilage confirmed the ability of paroxetine to mitigate CH and cartilage degradation. Our findings present elevated GRK2 signaling in chondrocytes as a driver of CH in OA and identify paroxetine as a disease-modifying drug for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah L Carlson
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - William J Pinamont
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Natalie K Yoshioka
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Zuscik
- Colorado Program for Skeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Reyad A Elbarbary
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Center for Orthopedic Research and Translational Sciences, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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10
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Xue YL, Zhang SX, Zheng CF, Li YF, Zhang LH, Hao YF, Wang S, Li XW. Silencing of STAT4 Protects Against Autoimmune Myocarditis by Regulating Th1/Th2 Immune Response via Inactivation of the NF-κB Pathway in Rats. Inflammation 2019; 42:1179-1189. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Ma W, Zhang J, Guo L, Wang Y, Lu S, Wang Z, Lu Q, Wei F. Suppressed androgen receptor expression promotes M2 macrophage reprogramming through the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:21-29. [PMID: 30956636 PMCID: PMC6449667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important mediators of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases, and various macrophage phenotypes exert opposite effects during inflammation. In our previous study, we proved that suppressed androgen receptor (AR) alleviated inflammation during experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). As anti-inflammatory cells, whether M2 macrophages are involved in this process remains unclear. Here, we showed that anti-inflammatory cytokines and M2 macrophages were elevated when AR was suppressed during EAM. In IL-4 stimulation-induced M2 macrophages, impaired AR with ASC-J9 increased the expression of M2 macrophage-related factors. Moreover, suppressed AR expression resulted in macrophage M2 polarization by reducing SOCS3 production and enhancing STAT3 activation. Taken together, our data suggest that AR plays a critical role in macrophage polarization and suppressed redundant AR expression promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages reprogramming. This study suggests a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory cardiomyopathy through the use of ASC-J9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Ma
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ZhaoHui Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengtao Wei
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Fengtao Wei, Beiyuan Avenue 247#, Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tel: +86-85875464, Fax:+86-85875464, E-mail:
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