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Wong BM, Fung SSM, Velez FG, Perez C, Guo R, Yu F, Pineles SL. Evaluation of 3D tablet-based stereoacuity test ASTEROID in children with normal and abnormal visual acuity. J AAPOS 2024:103930. [PMID: 38719139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of 3D, tablet-based, glasses-free Accurate STEReotest (ASTEROID) in children compared with the Titmus test. METHODS Children aged 5-13 years were enrolled in a single-center, nonrandomized, observational comparison study and analyzed by age (5-7 vs 8-13 years) and visual acuity (20/25 or better in both eyes vs abnormal). Each participant underwent both the ASTEROID and Titmus stereoacuity tests. Stereoacuity was defined as fine (≤60 arcsec), moderate (61-200 arcsec), coarse (201-1199 arcsec), or very coarse to nil (≥1200 arcsec). Agreement between the tests was assessed using a weighted kappa (κ) statistic based on all four categories. RESULTS A total of 112 children were included: 28 aged 5-7 with normal visual acuity, 30 aged 5-7 with abnormal visual acuity, 34 aged 8-13 with normal visual acuity, and 20 aged 8-13 with abnormal visual acuity. Mean ASTEROID score was 688 ± 533 arcsec (range, 13-1200 arcsec). Agreement between ASTEROID and Titmus test scores for participants overall was moderate (κ = 0.52). By subgroup, agreement was fair for children 5-7 with abnormal visual acuity (κ = 0.31), moderate for children 5-7 with normal visual acuity (κ = 0.47) and children 8-13 with normal visual acuity (κ = 0.42), and substantial for children 8-13 with abnormal visual acuity (κ = 0.76). Where ASTEROID and Titmus score group varied, ASTEROID score was poorer in 94% (47/50) of cases. CONCLUSIONS ASTEROID is a digital, tablet-based test that evaluates global stereopsis, does not require glasses, and provides a continuum of scores. Among children, ASTEROID has good agreement with the Titmus test; however, it may be more sensitive at detecting stereovision deficits. Further study is necessary to determine which test is more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Wong
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon S M Fung
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Federico G Velez
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claudia Perez
- Department of Medicine, Statistics Core, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Medicine, Statistics Core, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fei Yu
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stacy L Pineles
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
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Pasqualotto A, Cochrane A, Bavelier D, Altarelli I. A novel task and methods to evaluate inter-individual variation in audio-visual associative learning. Cognition 2024; 242:105658. [PMID: 37952371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Learning audio-visual associations is foundational to a number of real-world skills, such as reading acquisition or social communication. Characterizing individual differences in such learning has therefore been of interest to researchers in the field. Here, we present a novel audio-visual associative learning task designed to efficiently capture inter-individual differences in learning, with the added feature of using non-linguistic stimuli, so as to unconfound language and reading proficiency of the learner from their more domain-general learning capability. By fitting trial-by-trial performance in our novel learning task using simple-to-use statistical tools, we demonstrate the expected inter-individual variability in learning rate as well as high precision in its estimation. We further demonstrate that such measured learning rate is linked to working memory performance in Italian-speaking (N = 58) and French-speaking (N = 51) adults. Finally, we investigate the extent to which learning rate in our task, which measures cross-modal audio-visual associations while mitigating familiarity confounds, predicts reading ability across participants with different linguistic backgrounds. The present work thus introduces a novel non-linguistic audio-visual associative learning task that can be used across languages. In doing so, it brings a new tool to researchers in the various domains that rely on multi-sensory integration from reading to social cognition or socio-emotional learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pasqualotto
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Cochrane
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daphne Bavelier
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences (FPSE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Posselt BN, Seemiller E, Winterbottom M, Baber C, Hadley S. A Digital Alternative to the TNO Stereo Test to Qualify Military Aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:846-854. [PMID: 36757245 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6111.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Stereopsis is usually required in military aviators and may become increasingly important with reliance on newer technologies such as binocular Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMDs) and stereo displays. The current stereo test used to qualify UK military aircrew (TNO test) has many limitations. To address these limitations, two computer-based digital versions of a random dot stereogram (RDS) were developed: a static version (dRDS-S), and a version in which the dots appear to move dynamically within the depth plane (dRDS-D), both capable of measuring stereo acuity to threshold.METHODS: There were 41 participants who performed all 3 stereo tests, TNO and both digital dRDS tests, on two separate occasions.RESULTS: The best (lowest) mean stereo acuity threshold was measured with dRDS-S (33.79 arcseconds, range 12.64-173) and the worst mean stereo acuity thresholds were measured with the TNO test (91 arcseconds, range 60-240). Both dRDS tests were strongly correlated, but neither correlated with the TNO test. Both dRDS tests were more reliable, as indicated with tighter limits of agreement.DISCUSSION: With a large floor effect at 60 arcseconds, the TNO test was unable to characterize any finer degree of stereo acuity. Both dRDS tests demonstrated better test-retest reliability and addressed many of the limitations seen with the TNO test. The dRDS tests were not correlated with the TNO test, which suggests that the TNO test does not provide the accuracy or reliability for use as a meaningful aeromedical screening test. The dRDS tests will enable research to investigate the relationship between stereo acuity and operational performance.Posselt BN, Seemiller E, Winterbottom M, Baber C, Hadley S. A digital alternative to the TNO stereo test to qualify military aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(12):846-854.
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Bunji K, Okada K. Linear Ballistic Accumulator Item Response Theory Model for Multidimensional Multiple-Alternative Forced-Choice Measurement of Personality. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2022; 57:658-678. [PMID: 33750245 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2021.1896351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in psychological measurements that use the multiple-alternative forced-choice (MAFC) response format for its resistance to response biases. Although several models have been proposed for the data obtained from such measurements, none have succeeded in incorporating the response time information. Given that currently, many psychological measurements are performed via computers, it would be beneficial to develop a joint model involving an MAFC item response and response time. The present study proposes the first model that combines a cognitive process model that underlies the observed response time and the forced-choice item response model. Specifically, the proposed model is based on the linear ballistic accumulator model of response time, which is substantially extended by reformulating its parameters so as to incorporate the MAFC item responses. The model parameters are estimated by the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. A simulation study confirmed that the proposed approach could appropriately recover the parameters. Two empirical applications are reported to demonstrate the use of the proposed model and compare it with existing models. The results showed that the proposed model could be a useful tool for jointly modeling the MAFC item responses and response times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Bunji
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo
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5
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Chen S, Zhong H, Mei G. Stable abnormalities of contrast discrimination sensitivity in subthreshold depression: A longitudinal study. Psych J 2022; 11:194-204. [PMID: 35168295 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subthreshold depression (StD), as a subclinical state, is highly prevalent and increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several studies have reported deficits of contrast sensitivity in MDD patients, it is unclear whether individuals with StD could demonstrate deficits of contrast sensitivity and whether the deficits could remain stable over time. Here we used a contrast discrimination task (a suprathreshold task) and a contrast detection task (a near-threshold task) to compare contrast sensitivity of the StD group with that of matched non-depressed controls. For each task, a spatial four-alternative forced-choice method and a psychophysical QUEST procedure were used to measure contrast discrimination threshold or contrast detection threshold. Participants performed an initial assessment and a follow-up assessment 4 months later. Compared to the non-depressed controls, individuals with StD demonstrated reduced contrast discrimination sensitivity, not only at the initial assessment but also at the follow-up assessment, indicating a stable abnormality. Contrast discrimination thresholds at the initial assessment did not predict changes of depression symptom severity over time. For contrast detection sensitivity, there was no significant difference between the StD group and non-depressed controls. We concluded that contrast discrimination testing might provide a trait-dependent biomarker for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Education, Guiyang Ninth High School, Guiyang, China
| | - Han Zhong
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gaoxing Mei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Superior Communication of Positive Emotions Through Nonverbal Vocalisations Compared to Speech Prosody. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 45:419-454. [PMID: 34744232 PMCID: PMC8553689 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-021-00375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human voice communicates emotion through two different types of vocalizations: nonverbal vocalizations (brief non-linguistic sounds like laughs) and speech prosody (tone of voice). Research examining recognizability of emotions from the voice has mostly focused on either nonverbal vocalizations or speech prosody, and included few categories of positive emotions. In two preregistered experiments, we compare human listeners’ (total n = 400) recognition performance for 22 positive emotions from nonverbal vocalizations (n = 880) to that from speech prosody (n = 880). The results show that listeners were more accurate in recognizing most positive emotions from nonverbal vocalizations compared to prosodic expressions. Furthermore, acoustic classification experiments with machine learning models demonstrated that positive emotions are expressed with more distinctive acoustic patterns for nonverbal vocalizations as compared to speech prosody. Overall, the results suggest that vocal expressions of positive emotions are communicated more successfully when expressed as nonverbal vocalizations compared to speech prosody.
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Brown S, Rue C, Smith K, Arnold R. Extraordinary Dynamic Near Vision in Champion Shotgun Shooters: PDI Check Evaluation of Stereo and Color without Floor Effect. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:575-581. [PMID: 33623358 PMCID: PMC7896781 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s298234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional near and stereo tests have a "floor effect;" inability to discriminate normal from super-normal. Shotgun champions require unique performance in binocularity and rapid color discrimination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine champion clay-target shooters, 14 normal Army and 12 color-normal subjects were tested with conventional near vision tests and on PDI-Check, a series of dynamic, near vision tests on the autostereoscopic Nintendo console. RESULTS Conventional tested shotgunners had all perfect Ishihara and 75% best 40 sec Stereo fly while Army had 92%perfect Ishihara and 69% best stereo fly. On PDI-Check, experienced shotgunners with median stereo of 17 (IQR 12-41) arc sec were better than Army volunteers 59 (IQR 30 to 487) arc seconds (Mann-Whitney U=62, p=0.04). Median PDI-Check for shotgun compared to Army was 88% compared to 84% for blue cone, 90% compared to 84% for green and 77% compared to 72% (red, Mann-Whitney p=0.05). Adding dark cherry filter shooting glasses improved the red and green color detection (p<0.01). This study lacked power to detect eye dominance using PDI Check color or stereo. CONCLUSION Many champion shotgun shooters had outstanding dynamic near stereo and better-than-average color vision which could be optimized with dark filter spectacles for red and green hues. PDI Check not only helps identify abnormal binocularity and color vision, but it can clarify supranormal vision as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clayton Rue
- NSCA Level III Instructor, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Robert Arnold
- Alaska Blind Child Discovery, Alaska Children’s EYE & Strabismus, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Isherwood ZJ, Clifford CWG, Schira MM, Roberts MM, Spehar B. Nice and slow: Measuring sensitivity and visual preference toward naturalistic stimuli varying in their amplitude spectra in space and time. Vision Res 2021; 181:47-60. [PMID: 33578184 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The 1/fα amplitude spectrum is a statistical property of natural scenes characterising a specific distribution of spatial and temporal frequencies and their associated luminance intensities. This property has been studied extensively in the spatial domain whereby sensitivity and visual preference overlap and peak for slopes within the natural range (α ≈ 1), but remains relatively less studied in the temporal domain. Here, we used a 4AFC task to measure sensitivity and a 2AFC task to measure visual preference and across a wide range of spatial (α = 0.25, 1.25, 2.25) and temporal (α = 0.25 to 2.50, step size: 0.25) slope conditions. Stimuli with a shallow temporal slope modulate rapidly (e.g. 0.25), whereas stimuli with a steep slope modulate slowly (e.g. 2.25). Interestingly, sensitivity and visual preference did not closely overlap. While the sensitivity of the visual system is highest for our stimulus with an intermediate modulation rate (1.25), which is most abundant in nature, the stimulus with the slowest modulation rate (2.25) was most preferred. It seems sensible for the visual system to be sensitive to spatiotemporal spectra that most commonly exist in nature (α ≈ 1). However, it is possible that preference might be related to what these properties signal in the natural world. Consider the cases of waves slowly vs. rapidly crashing on a beach or fast vs. slow animals. In both instances the slowest option is often the safest and preferential, suggesting that the temporal 1/fα amplitude spectrum provides additional information that may indicate preferred environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey J Isherwood
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | | | - Mark M Schira
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Michelle M Roberts
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Branka Spehar
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Kamiloğlu RG, Slocombe KE, Haun DBM, Sauter DA. Human listeners' perception of behavioural context and core affect dimensions in chimpanzee vocalizations. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201148. [PMID: 32546102 PMCID: PMC7329049 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocalizations linked to emotional states are partly conserved among phylogenetically related species. This continuity may allow humans to accurately infer affective information from vocalizations produced by chimpanzees. In two pre-registered experiments, we examine human listeners' ability to infer behavioural contexts (e.g. discovering food) and core affect dimensions (arousal and valence) from 155 vocalizations produced by 66 chimpanzees in 10 different positive and negative contexts at high, medium or low arousal levels. In experiment 1, listeners (n = 310), categorized the vocalizations in a forced-choice task with 10 response options, and rated arousal and valence. In experiment 2, participants (n = 3120) matched vocalizations to production contexts using yes/no response options. The results show that listeners were accurate at matching vocalizations of most contexts in addition to inferring arousal and valence. Judgments were more accurate for negative as compared to positive vocalizations. An acoustic analysis demonstrated that, listeners made use of brightness and duration cues, and relied on noisiness in making context judgements, and pitch to infer core affect dimensions. Overall, the results suggest that human listeners can infer affective information from chimpanzee vocalizations beyond core affect, indicating phylogenetic continuity in the mapping of vocalizations to behavioural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza G Kamiloğlu
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, REC G, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel B M Haun
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Disa A Sauter
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, REC G, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang P, Zhao Y, Dosher BA, Lu ZL. Evaluating the performance of the staircase and quick Change Detection methods in measuring perceptual learning. J Vis 2020; 19:14. [PMID: 31323664 PMCID: PMC6645707 DOI: 10.1167/19.7.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The staircase method has been widely used in measuring perceptual learning. Recently, Zhao, Lesmes, and Lu (2017, 2019) developed the quick Change Detection (qCD) method and applied it to measure the trial-by-trial time course of dark adaptation. In the current study, we conducted two simulations to evaluate the performance of the 3-down/1-up staircase and qCD methods in measuring perceptual learning in a two-alternative forced-choice task. In Study 1, three observers with different time constants (40, 80, and 160 trials) of an exponential learning curve were simulated. Each simulated observer completed staircases with six step sizes (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 60%) and a qCD procedure, each starting at five levels (+50%, +25%, 0, −25%, and −50% different from the true threshold in the first trial). We found the following results: Staircases with 1% and 5% step sizes failed to generate more than five reversals half of the time; and the bias and standard deviations of thresholds estimated from the post hoc segment-by-segment qCD analysis were much smaller than those from the staircase method with the other four step sizes. In Study 2, we simulated thresholds in the transfer phases with the same time constants and 50% transfer for each observer in Study 1. We found that the estimated transfer indexes from qCD showed smaller biases and standard deviations than those from the staircase method. In addition, rescoring the simulated data from the staircase method using the Bayesian estimation component of the qCD method resulted in much-improved estimates. We conclude that the qCD method characterizes the time course of perceptual learning and transfer more accurately, precisely, and efficiently than the staircase method, even with the optimal 10% step size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Laboratory of Brain Processes (LOBES), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yukai Zhao
- Laboratory of Brain Processes (LOBES), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Anne Dosher
- Department of Cognitive Sciences and Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Laboratory of Brain Processes (LOBES), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Serrano-Pedraza I, Vancleef K, Herbert W, Goodship N, Woodhouse M, Read JCA. Efficient estimation of stereo thresholds: What slope should be assumed for the psychometric function? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226822. [PMID: 31895925 PMCID: PMC6939937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayesian staircases are widely used in psychophysics to estimate detection thresholds. Simulations have revealed the importance of the parameters selected for the assumed subject’s psychometric function in enabling thresholds to be estimated with small bias and high precision. One important parameter is the slope of the psychometric function, or equivalently its spread. This is often held fixed, rather than estimated for individual subjects, because much larger numbers of trials are required to estimate the spread as well as the threshold. However, if this fixed value is wrong, the threshold estimate can be biased. Here we determine the optimal slope to minimize bias and maximize precision when measuring stereoacuity with Bayesian staircases. We performed 2- and 4AFC disparity detection stereo experiments in order to measure the spread of the disparity psychometric function in human observers assuming a Logistic function. We found a wide range, between 0.03 and 3.5 log10 arcsec, with little change with age. We then ran simulations to examine the optimal spread using the empirical data. From our simulations and for three different experiments, we recommend selecting assumed spread values between the percentiles 60–80% of the population distribution of spreads (these percentiles can be extended to other type of thresholds). For stereo thresholds, we recommend a spread around the value σ = 1.7 log10 arcsec for 2AFC (slope β = 4.3 /log10 arcsec), and around σ = 1.5 log10 arcsec for 4AFC (β = 4.9 /log10 arcsec). Finally, we compared a Bayesian procedure (ZEST using the optimal σ) with five Bayesian procedures that are versions of ZEST-2D, Psi, and Psi-marginal. In general, for the conditions tested, ZEST optimal σ showed the lowest threshold bias and highest precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Serrano-Pedraza
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathleen Vancleef
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Herbert
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Goodship
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maeve Woodhouse
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny C. A. Read
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Vancleef K, Serrano-Pedraza I, Sharp C, Slack G, Black C, Casanova T, Hugill J, Rafiq S, Burridge J, Puyat V, Enongue JE, Gale H, Akotei H, Collier Z, Haggerty H, Smart K, Powell C, Taylor K, Clarke MP, Morgan G, Read JCA. ASTEROID: A New Clinical Stereotest on an Autostereo 3D Tablet. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:25. [PMID: 30834173 PMCID: PMC6396686 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a new stereotest in the form of a game on an autostereoscopic tablet computer designed to be suitable for use in the eye clinic and present data on its reliability and the distribution of stereo thresholds in adults. Methods Test stimuli were four dynamic random-dot stereograms, one of which contained a disparate target. Feedback was given after each trial presentation. A Bayesian adaptive staircase adjusted target disparity. Threshold was estimated from the mean of the posterior distribution after 20 responses. Viewing distance was monitored via a forehead sticker viewed by the tablet's front camera, and screen parallax was adjusted dynamically so as to achieve the desired retinal disparity. Results The tablet must be viewed at a distance of greater than ∼35 cm to produce a good depth percept. Log thresholds were roughly normally distributed with a mean of 1.75 log10 arcsec = 56 arcsec and SD of 0.34 log10 arcsec = a factor of 2.2. The standard deviation agrees with previous studies, but ASTEROID thresholds are approximately 1.5 times higher than a similar stereotest on stereoscopic 3D TV or on Randot Preschool stereotests. Pearson correlation between successive tests in same observer was 0.80. Bland-Altman 95% limits of reliability were ±0.64 log10 arcsec = a factor of 4.3, corresponding to an SD of 0.32 log10 arcsec on individual threshold estimates. This is similar to other stereotests and close to the statistical limit for 20 responses. Conclusions ASTEROID is reliable, easy, and portable and thus well-suited for clinical stereoacuity measurements. Translational Relevance New 3D digital technology means that research-quality psychophysical measurement of stereoacuity is now feasible in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Vancleef
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Pedraza
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig Sharp
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gareth Slack
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carla Black
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Therese Casanova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jess Hugill
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sheima Rafiq
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Burridge
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vito Puyat
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Josee Ewane Enongue
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henry Gale
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hannah Akotei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zoe Collier
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen Haggerty
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kathryn Smart
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christine Powell
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kate Taylor
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael P Clarke
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham Morgan
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jenny C A Read
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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