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Polevova S, Moiseenko A. Silicon in sporoderms of micro- and megaspores of Isoetes echinospora Durieu registered by EDS and EELS. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:663-667. [PMID: 35819547 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01791-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study reveals silica in sporoderms of micro- and megaspores of the modern quillwort Isoetes echinospora Durieu and homologizes layers of the sporoderm in spores of this plant. Here, the presence of silica in sporoderms of microspores has been documented for the first time, and observations of megaspore sporoderms were used to test various methods, such as energy dispersive (EDS) and electron energy loss (EELS) spectroscopies. The results elucidate the occurrence of silicon in the quillworts and will influence on the interpretation of their modern and fossil sporoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Polevova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Moiseenko
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Fernandes TN, Dos Santos FMG, Gontijo FD, da Silva Filho JA, Castilho AF, Sánchez LE. Mainstreaming Flora Conservation Strategies into the Mitigation Hierarchy to Strengthen Environmental Impact Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:483-493. [PMID: 36459196 PMCID: PMC9892156 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of the mitigation hierarchy (MH) to mining projects is challenging in situations of locational overlap between endemic flora and mineral deposits. We review flora surveys conducted in connection with the environmental impact assessment of several iron ore mining projects in an area of high degree of endemism in Eastern Amazon to discuss the practical implications of anticipating conservation strategies. Desktop studies and secondary data review were conducted to guide field searches to determine the distribution of endemic flora, resulting in 45 out of 46 endemic plant species having their known distribution extended to new areas. A framework for positioning flora conservation strategies in the MH is presented. Specific habitat requirements and scarce knowledge about endangered and endemic flora species are a conservation obstacle, since essential information to define species conservation strategies may be lacking. We show that anticipating conservation strategies can minimize time-lag uncertainties related to restoration success and biodiversity offsets. The more effort is placed in the preventative steps of the MH, the smaller the time-lag between impact (biodiversity losses) and conservation outcomes (biodiversity gains), decreasing uncertainties and reducing risks to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Nogueira Fernandes
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2373, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management. Mina de Águas Claras. Prédio 1, térreo, Av. Doutor Marco Paulo Simon Jardim, 34.006-200, Nova Lima, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Marino Gomes Dos Santos
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management. Mina de Águas Claras. Prédio 1, térreo, Av. Doutor Marco Paulo Simon Jardim, 34.006-200, Nova Lima, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Dayrell Gontijo
- Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projetos Ltda, Rua Camões, 28, 30240-270, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Franco Castilho
- VALE S/A. Environmental Licensing Management. Mina de Águas Claras. Prédio 1, térreo, Av. Doutor Marco Paulo Simon Jardim, 34.006-200, Nova Lima, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Enrique Sánchez
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2373, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chen S, Wang T, Shu J, Xiang Q, Yang T, Zhang X, Yan Y. Plastid Phylogenomics and Plastomic Diversity of the Extant Lycophytes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071280. [PMID: 35886063 PMCID: PMC9316050 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extant lycophytes represent the most ancient surviving lineage of early vascular plants, their plastomic diversity has long been neglected. The ancient evolutionary history and distinct genetic diversity patterns of the three lycophyte families, each with its own characteristics, provide an ideal opportunity to investigate the interfamilial relationships of lycophytes and their associated patterns of evolution. To compensate for the lack of data on Lycopodiaceae, we sequenced and assembled 14 new plastid genomes (plastomes). Combined with other lycophyte plastomes available online, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the extant lycophytes based on 93 plastomes. We analyzed, traced, and compared the plastomic diversity and divergence of the three lycophyte families (Isoëtaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Selaginellaceae) in terms of plastomic diversity by comparing their plastome sizes, GC contents, substitution rates, structural rearrangements, divergence times, ancestral states, RNA editings, and gene losses. Comparative analysis of plastid phylogenomics and plastomic diversity of three lycophyte families will set a foundation for further studies in biology and evolution in lycophytes and therefore in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (S.C.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (T.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (S.C.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (T.Y.)
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jiangping Shu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (S.C.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (T.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qiaoping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Tuo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (S.C.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xianchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuehong Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China; (S.C.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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4
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Larsén E, Wikström N, Khodabandeh A, Rydin C. Phylogeny of Merlin's grass (Isoetaceae): revealing an "Amborella syndrome" and the importance of geographic distribution for understanding current and historical diversity. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:32. [PMID: 35296231 PMCID: PMC8928685 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merlin’s grass (Isoetes, Isoetaceae, Lycopsida), is the extant remnant of the isoetalean wood-producing lycopsids that originated during the Paleozoic, possibly in aquatic or boggy habitats. Modern day species are aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial and occur almost worldwide. They display little morphological variation; the lobed corm has helically arranged leaves with internal air channels and basal sporangia. Genetic variation has also proven limited, which has hampered phylogenetic inference. We investigate evolutionary relationships in Isoetes, using molecular data and an extended sample of species compared to previous work, adding species that have never before been included in a phylogenetic study. Results Our results reveal an unexpected discovery of an “Amborella syndrome” in Isoetaceae: a single poorly known species is sister to the remaining family. The species, Isoetes wormaldii, is a rare endemic to the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Its leaves are flattened with a rounded point, which sharply contrasts with the awl-shaped leaves of most other species of Isoetes. The remaining species of Isoetes are resolved in five major clades, also indicated in previous work. While the phylogeny shows geographic structure, the patterns are complex. For example, tropical-southern African species occur in at least five clades, and Indian, Australian and Mediterranean species in at least three clades each. Conclusion The evolutionary and biogeographical history of Isoetes is not easily explained, and may conceivably include ample extinction and a mixture of ancient and more recent processes. Previously shown difficulties with node age estimation increase the problem. The here demonstrated sister-relationship between the phylogenetically, morphologically and genetically distinct Isoetes wormaldii and the remaining family appears to bridge the morphological gap between Isoetes and its extinct relatives, although further studies are needed. Moreover, it shortens the branch length to its living sister genus Selaginella, and may enhance node age estimation in future studies. Isoetes wormaldii is critically endangered, known only from one (to a few) minor populations. Immediate actions need to be taken if we want to prevent this unique species from going extinct. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-01988-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Larsén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Wikström
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bergius Foundation, The Royal Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anbar Khodabandeh
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bergius Foundation, The Royal Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rydin
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bergius Foundation, The Royal Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vasconcelos S, Nunes GL, Dias MC, Lorena J, Oliveira RRM, Lima TGL, Pires ES, Valadares RBS, Alves R, Watanabe MTC, Zappi DC, Hiura AL, Pastore M, Vasconcelos LV, Mota NFO, Viana PL, Gil ASB, Simões AO, Imperatriz‐Fonseca VL, Harley RM, Giulietti AM, Oliveira G. Unraveling the plant diversity of the Amazonian canga through DNA barcoding. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13348-13362. [PMID: 34646474 PMCID: PMC8495817 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The canga of the Serra dos Carajás, in Eastern Amazon, is home to a unique open plant community, harboring several endemic and rare species. Although a complete flora survey has been recently published, scarce to no genetic information is available for most plant species of the ironstone outcrops of the Serra dos Carajás. In this scenario, DNA barcoding appears as a fast and effective approach to assess the genetic diversity of the Serra dos Carajás flora, considering the growing need for robust biodiversity conservation planning in such an area with industrial mining activities. Thus, after testing eight different DNA barcode markers (matK, rbcL, rpoB, rpoC1, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, trnH-psbA, and ITS2), we chose rbcL and ITS2 as the most suitable markers for a broad application in the regional flora. Here we describe DNA barcodes for 1,130 specimens of 538 species, 323 genera, and 115 families of vascular plants from a highly diverse flora in the Amazon basin, with a total of 344 species being barcoded for the first time. In addition, we assessed the potential of using DNA metabarcoding of bulk samples for surveying plant diversity in the canga. Upon achieving the first comprehensive DNA barcoding effort directed to a complete flora in the Brazilian Amazon, we discuss the relevance of our results to guide future conservation measures in the Serra dos Carajás.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana C. Dias
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Programa Interunidades de Pós‐Graduação em BioinformáticaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Renato R. M. Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Programa Interunidades de Pós‐Graduação em BioinformáticaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela C. Zappi
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
| | | | - Mayara Pastore
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Coordenação de BotânicaMuseu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | - Liziane V. Vasconcelos
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em EcologiaUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémBrazil
| | - Nara F. O. Mota
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Coordenação de BotânicaMuseu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | - Pedro L. Viana
- Coordenação de BotânicaMuseu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | - André S. B. Gil
- Coordenação de BotânicaMuseu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | - André O. Simões
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | | | - Ana M. Giulietti
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BotânicaUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
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Dalapicolla J, Alves R, Jaffé R, Vasconcelos S, Pires ES, Nunes GL, Pereira JBDS, Guimarães JTF, Dias MC, Fernandes TN, Scherer D, dos Santos FMG, Castilho A, Santos MP, Calderón EN, Martins RL, da Fonseca RN, Esteves FDA, Caldeira CF, Oliveira G. Conservation implications of genetic structure in the narrowest endemic quillwort from the Eastern Amazon. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10119-10132. [PMID: 34367563 PMCID: PMC8328431 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quillwort Isoëtes cangae is a critically endangered species occurring in a single lake in Serra dos Carajás, Eastern Amazon. Low genetic diversity and small effective population sizes (N e) are expected for narrow endemic species (NES). Conservation biology studies centered in a single species show some limitations, but they are still useful considering the limited time and resources available for protection of species at risk of extinction. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure, N e, and minimum viable population (MVP) of I. cangae to provide information for effective conservation programs. Our analyses were based on 55 individuals collected from the Amendoim Lake and 35,638 neutral SNPs. Our results indicated a single panmictic population, moderate levels of genetic diversity, and N e in the order of thousands, contrasting the expected for NES. Negative FIS values were also found, suggesting that I. cangae is not under risk of inbreeding depression. Our findings imply that I. cangae contains enough genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary potential and that all individuals should be treated as one demographic unit. These results provide essential information to optimize ex situ conservation efforts and genetic diversity monitoring, which are currently applied to guide I. cangae conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolfo Jaffé
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- ExponentBellevueWAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana C. Dias
- Instituto Tecnológico ValeBelémBrazil
- Programa Interunidades de Pós‐Graduação em BioinformáticaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Daniela Scherer
- VALE S/AGerência de Estudos AmbientaisLicenciamento e EspeleologiaNova LimaBrazil
| | | | - Alexandre Castilho
- VALE S/AGerência de Estudos AmbientaisLicenciamento e EspeleologiaNova LimaBrazil
| | - Mirella Pupo Santos
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEMUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroMacaéBrazil
| | - Emiliano Nicolas Calderón
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEMUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroMacaéBrazil
| | - Rodrigo Lemes Martins
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEMUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroMacaéBrazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEMUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroMacaéBrazil
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Pereira JBS, Giulietti AM, Prado J, Vasconcelos S, Watanabe MTC, Pinangé DSB, Oliveira RRM, Pires ES, Caldeira CF, Oliveira G. Plastome-based phylogenomics elucidate relationships in rare Isoëtes species groups from the Neotropics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107177. [PMID: 33866010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Isoëtes is globally distributed. Within the Neotropics, Isoëtes occurs in various habitats and ecosystems, making it an interesting case study to address phylogenetic and biogeographic questions. We sequenced and assembled plastomes and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in Isoëtes from tropical regions in the Neotropics. The ploidy level of nine taxa was established to address the potential source of phylogenetic incongruence in the genus. Node ages were estimated using MCMCTree. The ancestral range estimates were conducted in BioGeoBEARS. Plastome-based phylogenies were congruent throughout distinct matrices and partition schemes, exhibiting high support for almost all nodes. Whereas, we found incongruences between the rDNA and plastome datasets. Chromosome counts identified three diploids, five tetraploids and one likely hexaploid among Neotropical species. Plastome-based node age estimates showed that the radiation of the crown Isoëtes group occurred at 20 Ma, with the diversification of the tropical American (TAA) clade taking place in the Pleistocene at 1.7 Ma. Ancestral range estimates showed that the ancestor of the TAA clade may have evolved first in the dry diagonal area in South America before reaching more humid regions. In addition, the colonization of the Brazilian semiarid region occurred three times, while the occupation of the Cerrado and Amazon regions occurred twice and once, respectively. Our study showed a large unobserved diversity within the genus in warm-dry regions in the Neotropics. Plastomes provided sufficient genomic information to establish a robust phylogenetic framework to answer evolutionary questions in Isoëtes from the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Giulietti
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Prado
- Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Depto de Zoologia e Botânica, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego S B Pinangé
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Depto de Genética, Manaus, Brazil
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Santos MP, Araujo JVSR, Lopes AVS, Vettorazzi JCF, Boechat MSB, Arêdes FA, Campos NV, Calderon EN, Santos FMG, Fernandes TN, da Fonseca RN, Pereira MG, Oliveira G, Zandonadi DB, Martins R, Esteves FDA. The genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Amazonian quillwort ( Isoetes L.) species. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10274. [PMID: 33240624 PMCID: PMC7659625 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two endemic lycophyte species Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis have been recently described in the State of Pará in the Amazon forest located in northern Brazil. Isoetes L. has survived through three mass extinctions. Plants are considered small-sized, heterosporous, and can display a great diversity of physiological adaptations to different environments. Thus, the current study aimed to estimate the genetic variation of the populations of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis to generate information about their different mechanisms for survival at the same geographical location that could point to different reproductive, adaptative and dispersal strategies and should be considered for effective conservation strategies. Methods The genetic diversity and population structure of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis were investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Total genomic DNA was isolated, and the genetic diversity parameters were calculated. Results The sixteen primers produced 115 reproducible bands, 87% of which were polymorphic. A high level of polymorphic loci (81.74% and 68.48%) and a high Shannon index (Sh = 0.376 and 0.289) were observed for I. cangae and I. serracarajensis, respectively. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between population areas (GST) showed a higher value in I. serracarajensis (0.5440). Gene flow was higher in I. cangae (1.715) and lower in I. serracarajensis populations (0.419). Overall, the results further show that I. serracarajensis and I. cangae are two species with considerable genetic variation and that these differences may reflect their habitats and modes of reproduction. These results should be considered in the development of effective conservation strategies for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Pupo Santos
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João V S Rabelo Araujo
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arthur V Sant'anna Lopes
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda AbreuSantana Arêdes
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Naiara Viana Campos
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Nicolas Calderon
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Basilio Zandonadi
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - RodrigoLemes Martins
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco de Assis Esteves
- Instituto de Sustentabilidade e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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