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Potential geographical distribution of Actinidia spp. and its predominant indices under climate change. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cannon D, Kibler K, Walters L, Chambers L. Hydrodynamic and biogeochemical evolution of a restored intertidal oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154879. [PMID: 35358524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oyster reef restoration is increasingly used as a tool for restoring lost ecosystem services in degraded aquatic systems, but questions remain about the efficacy of the practice and when/if restored reefs may behave similarly to intact natural reefs. In this case study, field observations highlighted short- (<1 month post-restoration) and longer-term (30 months; 3 recruitment cycles) transformations in canopy, hydrodynamic, and biogeochemical characteristics of a restored intertidal oyster reef relative to nearby intact and degraded reefs. Within 12 months of restoration, live oyster density (326 oysters/m2), mean shell length (47 mm), and mean canopy height (76 mm) did not differ significantly from those observed on a reference reef. Lowering of the reef crest during restoration reestablished over-reef flow and periodic tidal inundation, improving hydraulic connectivity between the channel and the reef surface. This immediately restored much of the reef's hydrodynamic function and eliminated the irregular flow patterns observed on the previously degraded reef. Results showed that mean flow (channel-to-reef flow attenuation: 98% / 62%; within/above canopy) and velocity normalized turbulence (w'2¯/U2: 10-1/10-2; ϵ/U3: 100/10-2 m-1) characteristics were similar across the restored and reference reefs within 1 year of restoration, with temporal changes in mixing within the canopy attributed to increases in live oyster density. Nutrient pools (mean total carbon, total nitrogen) on reference and restored reefs had similar magnitudes within 1 year (C: 39 & 33 g/kg, N: 1.5 & 1.8 g/kg), while increases in DOC and NH4+ were correlated with the presence of live oysters. Most changes that occurred on the restored reef were linked to oyster recruitment and canopy growth, which modulated hydrodynamics through direct flow interactions and controlled sediment nutrient and organic matter content through waste deposition and burial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cannon
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Kelly Kibler
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Linda Walters
- Department of Biology and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Lisa Chambers
- Department of Biology and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Rullens V, Townsend M, Lohrer AM, Stephenson F, Pilditch CA. Who is contributing where? Predicting ecosystem service multifunctionality for shellfish species through ecological principles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152147. [PMID: 34864024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge in environmental management is determining how to manage multiple ecosystem services (ES) simultaneously, to ensure efficient and sustainable use of the environment and its resources. In marine environments, the spatial assessment of ES is lagging as a result of data-scarcity and modelling complexity. Applying mechanistic models to link ecological processes with ecosystem functions and services to assess areas of high ES potential can bridge this gap and accommodate assessments of functional differences between service providers. Here, we applied an ecosystem principles approach to assess ES potential for food provision, water quality regulation, nitrogen removal, and sediment stabilisation, provided by two estuarine bivalves (Austrovenus stutchburyi and Paphies australis) that differ in habitat association (broad and narrow distributions), to gain insight into the utility of these models for local-scale management. Maps of individual ES displayed differing patterns related to habitat associations of the species providing them, with variation in the quantities of services being delivered and locations of importance. Areas of importance for the provision of multiple services (number of services provided and their combined intensity per species) were assessed using hotspot analyses, which suggested that areas of high shellfish density at the harbour entrances were important for ES multifunctionality. A targeted management approach that includes environmental context, rather than a focus solely on the protection of high-density shellfish areas, is required to sustain the provision of individual ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rullens
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | | | - Andrew M Lohrer
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Stephenson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Ridlon AD, Wasson K, Waters T, Adams J, Donatuto J, Fleener G, Froehlich H, Govender R, Kornbluth A, Lorda J, Peabody B, Pinchot IV G, Rumrill SS, Tobin E, Zabin CJ, Zacherl D, Grosholz ED. Conservation aquaculture as a tool for imperiled marine species: Evaluation of opportunities and risks for Olympia oysters, Ostrea lurida. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252810. [PMID: 34153054 PMCID: PMC8216563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation aquaculture is becoming an important tool to support the recovery of declining marine species and meet human needs. However, this tool comes with risks as well as rewards, which must be assessed to guide aquaculture activities and recovery efforts. Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) provide key ecosystem functions and services along the west coast of North America, but populations have declined to the point of local extinction in some estuaries. Here, we present a species-level, range-wide approach to strategically planning the use of aquaculture to promote recovery of Olympia oysters. We identified 12 benefits of culturing Olympia oysters, including identifying climate-resilient phenotypes that add diversity to growers’ portfolios. We also identified 11 key risks, including potential negative ecological and genetic consequences associated with the transfer of hatchery-raised oysters into wild populations. Informed by these trade-offs, we identified ten priority estuaries where aquaculture is most likely to benefit Olympia oyster recovery. The two highest scoring estuaries have isolated populations with extreme recruitment limitation—issues that can be addressed via aquaculture if hatchery capacity is expanded in priority areas. By integrating social criteria, we evaluated which project types would likely meet the goals of local stakeholders in each estuary. Community restoration was most broadly suited to the priority areas, with limited commercial aquaculture and no current community harvest of the species, although this is a future stakeholder goal. The framework we developed to evaluate aquaculture as a tool to support species recovery is transferable to other systems and species globally; we provide a guide to prioritizing local knowledge and developing recommendations for implementation by using transparent criteria. Our collaborative process engaging diverse stakeholders including managers, scientists, Indigenous Tribal representatives, and shellfish growers can be used elsewhere to seek win-win opportunities to expand conservation aquaculture where benefits are maximized for both people and imperiled species.
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Affiliation(s)
- April D. Ridlon
- Science for Nature and People Partnership and National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerstin Wasson
- Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Watsonvile, California, United States of America
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California—Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Waters
- Global Aquaculture, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John Adams
- Sound Fresh Clams and Oysters, Shelton, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jamie Donatuto
- Community Environmental Health Program, Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, LaConner, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gary Fleener
- Research and Development, Hog Island Oyster Co., Marshall, California, United States of America
| | - Halley Froehlich
- Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology and Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Rhona Govender
- Species at Risk Program, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron Kornbluth
- Officer, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Julio Lorda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
- Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Imperial Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Betsy Peabody
- Puget Sound Restoration Fund, Bainbridge Island, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Steven S. Rumrill
- Marine Resources Program, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Newport, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Tobin
- Natural Resources Department, Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, Sequim, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chela J. Zabin
- Marine Invasions Research, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Belvedere Tiburon, California, United States of America
| | - Danielle Zacherl
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Edwin D. Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California—Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. .,Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Julian R Thompson
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roger J Flower
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Carr H, Abas M, Boutahar L, Caretti ON, Chan WY, Chapman ASA, de Mendonça SN, Engleman A, Ferrario F, Simmons KR, Verdura J, Zivian A. The Aichi Biodiversity Targets: achievements for marine conservation and priorities beyond 2020. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9743. [PMID: 33391861 PMCID: PMC7759131 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010 the Conference of the Parties (COP) for the Convention on Biological Diversity revised and updated a Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, which included the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Here a group of early career researchers mentored by senior scientists, convened as part of the 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity, reflects on the accomplishments and shortfalls under four of the Aichi Targets considered highly relevant to marine conservation: target 6 (sustainable fisheries), 11 (protection measures), 15 (ecosystem restoration and resilience) and 19 (knowledge, science and technology). We conclude that although progress has been made towards the targets, these have not been fully achieved for the marine environment by the 2020 deadline. The progress made, however, lays the foundations for further work beyond 2020 to work towards the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity. We identify key priorities that must be addressed to better enable marine biodiversity conservation efforts moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Carr
- The Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marina Abas
- Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Loubna Boutahar
- BioBio Research Center, BioEcoGen Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratorío de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olivia N Caretti
- Department of Marine, Earth, & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wing Yan Chan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abbie S A Chapman
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Abigail Engleman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Filippo Ferrario
- Québec-Ocean and Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kayelyn R Simmons
- Department of Marine, Earth, & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jana Verdura
- Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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