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Nakahara S, Kleckner K, Barbosa EP, Lourenço GM, Casagrande MM, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL. Reassessment of the type locality of Euptychiastigmatica Godman, 1905, with the description of two new sibling species from Amazonia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini). Zookeys 2023; 1167:57-88. [PMID: 37363740 PMCID: PMC10285684 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1167.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A brief historical review regarding the type locality of Euptychiastigmatica Godman, 1905 was conducted, which suggests that its type locality is actually Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, rather than northeastern Argentina, as previously purported. Consequently, E.stigmatica and its senior synonym E.cyanites Butler, 1871, are regarded to be two species-group names representing a taxon in the euptychiine genus Caeruleuptychia Forster, 1964 known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A lectotype is designated for E.cyanites. Additionally, two closely related species are named and described using an integrative approach with morphological and molecular evidence. Caeruleuptychiaharrisi Nakahara & Freitas, sp. nov. and C.aemulatio Nakahara & Willmott, sp. nov. both occur in Amazonia and COI barcode data recovered these taxa as part of the caerulea clade of Caeruleuptychia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakahara
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kaylin Kleckner
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eduardo P. Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mirna M. Casagrande
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pignataro T, Lourenço GM, Beirão M, Cornelissen T. Wings are not perfect: increased wing asymmetry in a tropical butterfly as a response to forest fragmentation. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:28. [PMID: 37289369 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and ecosystem changes have the potential to affect animal populations in different ways. To effectively monitor these changes, biomonitoring tools have been developed and applied to detect changes in population structure and/or individual traits that reflect such changes. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilateral traits from perfect symmetry in response to genetic and/or environmental stresses. In this study, we evaluated the use of FA as a tool to monitor stress caused by forest fragmentation and edge formation, using the tropical butterfly M. helenor (Nymphalidae) as a model species. We collected adult butterflies from three fragments of Atlantic Forest in Brazil encompassing both edge and interior habitats. Four wing traits (wing length, wing width, ocelli area, and ocelli diameter) were evaluated. Butterflies captured at edge sites exhibited higher FA values for wing length and wing width compared to those captured at interior sites, whereas traits related to ocelli did not show differences between the two habitat types. Our results suggest that the differences in abiotic and biotic conditions between forest interior and edges can act as a source of stress, impacting the symmetry of flight-related traits. On the other hand, as ocelli are crucial for butterfly camouflage and counter-predator strategies, our results indicate that this trait may be more conserved. By employing FA, we identified trait-specific responses to habitat fragmentation, thus suggesting its potential as a biomarker for environmental stress that can be used in butterflies to monitor habitat quality and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Pignataro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação (CSEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Giselle Martins Lourenço
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação (CSEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Acervo Biológico da Amazônia Meridional, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Núcleo de Estudo da Biodiversidade da Amazônia Mato-grossense, Instituto Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Acervo Biológico da Amazônia Meridional, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Marina Beirão
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Cornelissen
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação (CSEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bleier M. Beyond neat classifications: A case for the in-betweens. CULTURAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE EDUCATION 2023; 18:483-497. [PMID: 37251638 PMCID: PMC10193311 DOI: 10.1007/s11422-023-10184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Simplified, reductionist approaches to curriculum design and delivery are pervasive in science education. In ecological curricula-particularly in, but not limited to K-12-biomes, ecosystems, habitats, and other units of study are simplified and presented as static, easily identified and described entities. Characteristics, components, and representative phenomena of each are taught, and student learning of these things is evaluated. However, this approach minimizes the complexity and dynamic nature of environments whether natural, human built, or some hybrid of the two. In this paper, I make a case for studying environments and environmental issues in all of their spatial, temporal, and compositional complexity from the very earliest ages as a way to increase environmental literacy among individuals as well as in the population as a whole. This, in effect, will cultivate learners with a better, more nuanced understanding of the natural world and will lead to citizens, professionals, and policymakers who are more inclined, have more efficacious intellectual tools, and who are better able to address the environmental issues and crises such as climate change, sea-level rise, wildfires, epidemics and pandemics, drought, and crop failure, that are becoming more common and more critical in the 21st century.
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Fialová L, Plášek V, Klichowska E, Guo S, Nobis M. Temperature and Precipitation More Than Tree Cover Affect the Distribution Patterns of Epiphytic Mosses within the Orthotrichaceae Family in China and Adjacent Areas. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:222. [PMID: 36616349 PMCID: PMC9824502 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epiphytes, including vascular and non-vascular, constitute a large part of global plant biodiversity. Distribution of obligatory epiphytic bryophytes results from climate and local habitat conditions. The most important epiphytic bryophytes and at the same time poorly investigated and taxonomically problematic ones belong to the family Orthotrichaceae. Epiphytic mosses are also ideal organisms for species modelling, because of having no roots, they are highly dependent on external environmental conditions. For this purpose, we used the ecological niche modelling approach to define their potential distribution in China and adjacent areas and explore factors that shape this distribution. We used 617 occurrence records of 23 species from six genera within the Orthotrichaceae family. Our results suggest that the distribution of members of the Orthotrichaceae family is predominantly affected by bioclimatic variables, especially bio10 (mean temperature of the warmest quarter), bio15 (precipitation seasonality), bio18 (precipitation of the warmest quarter), bio19 (precipitation of the coldest quarter), bio9 (mean temperature of the driest quarter), and bio2 (mean diurnal range). However, the distribution of particular genera is ruled by a different set of those variables. The distribution of two genera (Leratia and Ulota) is also highly influenced by land cover (especially mixed/other trees), whereas human footprint shows a moderate contribution to models of three genera (Lewinskya, Orthotrichum, Nyholmiella). Based on the occupied climatic niche and distribution patterns, representatives of the studied family are divided into two groups. The 'western-montane group' is characterised by lower temperatures and lower precipitation whereas the 'eastern-lowland' group' by more humid and warmer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Fialová
- Department of Botany, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Plášek
- Department of Botany, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Ewelina Klichowska
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronstajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Shuiliang Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Marcin Nobis
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronstajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Bellaver J, Romanowski HP, Richter A, Iserhard CA. Living on the edge: The use of fruit‐feeding butterflies to evaluate edge effect on subtropical assemblages. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Bellaver
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Helena Piccoli Romanowski
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline Richter
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Cristiano Agra Iserhard
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
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Positive effects of ants on host trees are critical in years of low reproduction and not influenced by liana presence. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lourenço GM, Dáttilo W, Ribeiro SP, Freitas AVL. Biological Aspects and Movements of Neotropical Fruit-Feeding Butterflies. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:43-53. [PMID: 34590292 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The patterns of insect movement are the cumulate product of many individual decisions and can be shaped by the way morphology and behaviour interacts with landscape structure and composition. Hence, the ongoing process of habitat fragmentation increases the distance among suitable habitats and changes those in such a way that it may favour some movement behaviour. Our study described some biological traits (sex ratio, age structure and individual permanence in a population), as well as the movements of fruit-feeding butterflies along the horizontal dimension (among habitats: forest interior, natural forest transition - ecotone and anthropogenic forest transition - edge) and the vertical dimension (between canopy and understory). We sampled butterflies monthly over 1 year in the Atlantic rainforest, South-eastern Brazil, following a standardized design using bait traps. We found that sex ratio was male biased for five out of the six more abundant species and the age structure showed an increase in recruitment of new individuals in the dry season followed by a noticeable aging of the populations in the wet season. In general, our results revealed an aggregated spatial distribution, in which few individuals travelled long distances while most individuals were recaptured in the same trap, suggesting that all studied habitats currently provide the necessary conditions for the maintenance of butterfly populations, favouring fewer movements and narrow home ranges for both sexes and species. Conservation of a set of heterogeneous habitats it is especially important for the maintenance of sedentary butterflies and of those that move large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Lourenço
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sérvio P Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Adoecimento & Florestas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André V L Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a result of forest fragmentation, ecotones have become an important contribution to the landscape. The areas that include ecotones are constantly growing, thus creating new habitats for plants and animals. The factor that has the greatest impact on the configuration and extent of an ecotone is called the “edge effect”. The aim of this study was to determine the width of the ecotones in forests that are adjacent to an expressway and to characterize the edge effect they produced. The research was performed along ten transects situated at the edge of a forest and in the interior part of a forest (plots from 0 to 200 m). The structures of the forest stand, trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and herbs were determined and data on the species composition and species cover were also collected. Results of the statistical analyses (linear mixed models as well as detrended and canonical correspondence analyses) indicated significant changes in the structure, species composition, and species turnover that were dependent on the distance from the edge of the forest. It was shown that shrubs (cover, density, species richness) were the most affected while vascular plants were the least affected. However, the changes were ambiguous. There was either an increase or decrease in the individual parameters of the forest structure and the coverage of forest species. The extent of the forest edge began at a minimum distance of 0–20 m.
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Richter A, Nakamura G, Agra Iserhard C, da Silva Duarte L. The hidden side of diversity: Effects of imperfect detection on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12508-12519. [PMID: 34594516 PMCID: PMC8462181 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on ecological communities often address patterns of species distribution and abundance, but few consider uncertainty in counts of both species and individuals when computing diversity measures.We evaluated the extent to which imperfect detection may influence patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in ecological communities.We estimated the true abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in canopy and understory strata in a subtropical forest. We compared the diversity values calculated by observed and estimated abundance data through the hidden diversity framework. This framework evaluates the deviation of observed diversity when compared with diversities derived from estimated true abundances and whether such deviation represents a bias or a noise in the observed diversity pattern.The hidden diversity values differed between strata for all diversity measures, except for functional richness. The taxonomic measure was the only one where we observed an inversion of the most diverse stratum when imperfect detection was included. Regarding phylogenetic and functional measures, the strata showed distinct responses to imperfect detection, despite the tendency to overestimate observed diversity. While the understory showed noise for the phylogenetic measure, since the observed pattern was maintained, the canopy had biased diversity for the functional metric. This bias occurred since no significant differences were found between strata for observed diversity, but rather for estimated diversity, with the canopy being more clustered.We demonstrate that ignore imperfect detection may lead to unrealistic estimates of diversity and hence to erroneous interpretations of patterns and processes that structure biological communities. For fruit-feeding butterflies, according to their phylogenetic position or functional traits, the undetected individuals triggered different responses in the relationship of the diversity measures to the environmental factor. This highlights the importance to evaluate and include the uncertainty in species detectability before calculating biodiversity measures to describe communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richter
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Gabriel Nakamura
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
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Carvalho RL, Anjos DV, Fagundes R, Luna P, Ribeiro SP. Similar topologies of individual‐based plant‐herbivorous networks in forest interior and anthropogenic edges. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Carvalho
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Diego V Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Roberth Fagundes
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro‐Brasileira Redenção CearáC.P. 62790‐000Brazil
| | - Pedro Luna
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa VeracruzC.P. 91070Mexico
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
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Gram-negative bacteria associated with a dominant arboreal ant species outcompete phyllosphere-associated bacteria species in a tropical canopy. Oecologia 2021; 195:959-970. [PMID: 33630170 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ants have efficient and well-studied social immunity mechanisms, which prevent the colony contamination. Little is known about how workers keep their outside territory clear of diseases. We investigated the interactions between Azteca chartifex ants, their associated bacteria and bacteria on the phyllosphere of Byrsonima sericea trees, comparing plants patrolled and not by the ants. The hypothesis is that bacteria associated with the worker's exoskeleton may outcompete the leaf bacteria. Culturable bacteria were isolated from ants, from the main and satellite nests, and from phyllosphere of B. sericea taken from trees that had A. chartifex nests and from trees without nests. The isolates were grouped by Gram guilds and identified at the genus level. There was a higher percentage of Gram-negative isolates in the ants and on the leaves patrolled by them. There was a higher growth rate of ant bacteria from the main nest compared to those found in ants from the satellite nests. The most representative genus among ant isolates was Enterobacter, also found on leaves patrolled by ants. Under favourable in vitro conditions, A. chartifex Gram-negative bacteria outcompete leaf bacteria by overgrowth, showing a greater competition capacity over the Gram-positive bacteria from leaves with no previous interaction with ants in the field. It was demonstrated that ants carry bacteria capable of outcompeting exogenous bacteria associated with their outside territory. The leaf microbiota of a patrolled tree could be shaped by the ant microbiota, suggesting that large ant colonies may have a key role in structuring canopy plant-microbe interactions.
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Araujo PF, Freitas AVL, Gonçalves GADS, Ribeiro DB. Vertical stratification on a small scale: the distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies in a semi-deciduous Atlantic forest in Brazil. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2020.1728033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Felix Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - André Victor Lucci Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gleice Ane de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Conservação de Insetos, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia – UFRB, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Danilo Bandini Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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