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Zhang Y, Tian J, Chen Z. The differences of muscle activation in forehand serve-receiving technique of male tennis players at different skills. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0323646. [PMID: 40408370 PMCID: PMC12101678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in muscle activation of the right upper limb and part of the trunk and differences in stroke performance of forehand receiving in male tennis players of different levels of performance at different serve speeds. Thirty male tennis players (no difference in age, height, weight) were divided into senior (AG, n=15) and intermediate (IG, n=15) groups to perform 6 forehands receive tests at 2 serve speeds: low-speed serve (130-140km/h), high-speed serve (160-170km/h). Muscle activity from the right of biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), brachioradialis (BC), deltoid (DT), trapezius (TP), pectoralis major (PM), obliquus externus abdominis (OEA) and latissimus dorsi (LD) were recorded using surface electromyography during the concentric phase of the lift and expressed as a percentage of each muscle's maximal activity, recorded during a maximal isometric contraction. Returned speed and placement were recorded using a high-speed camera. The results showed that the AG had significantly lower muscle activity (p < 0.05) in the backswing, impart, follow-through phases of the receive and more consistent dominant muscles in all phases, while the opposite was true for the IG. At both serve speeds, AG had significantly faster ball speeds (p < 0.05) and higher placement scores (p < 0.05) compared to IG. It is important to develop the athlete's receive action at lower muscle activation and higher joint kinetic energy, which may be an important way to improve receive performance in a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Sport School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Tian
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouye Chen
- Sport School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai, China
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2
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Lambrich J, Muehlbauer T. Effects of fatigue on physiological, physical fitness, and stroke performance related parameters in healthy tennis players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Sports Act Living 2025; 7:1578914. [PMID: 40365546 PMCID: PMC12069318 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1578914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a multifactorial phenomenon involving central and peripheral mechanisms that could negatively affect performance-related measures in tennis players. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of fatigue on physiological (e.g., blood lactate, heart rate), physical fitness (e.g., explosive muscle strength, speed), and stroke performance (e.g., stroke velocity or accuracy) related parameters in healthy tennis players and to provide insight into training and recovery strategies. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus identified studies that examined effects of fatigue in tennis. Inclusion criteria required that studies were conducted with healthy participants, applied fatigue-inducing interventions, and used pre-/post-test designs measuring physiological, physical, or stroke performance related parameters. Effect sizes were calculated using weighted standardized mean differences (SMD) to assess the impact of fatigue. The search identified a total of N = 642 records. Eighteen trials (318 tennis players) were included. Fatigue evoked large to moderate negative effect on physiological (SMDw = -4.19), physical fitness (SMDw = -0.74), and stroke performance (SMDw = -0.60) related parameters. The larger negative effects of fatigue on physiological and physical parameters compared to stroke performance-related outcomes indicate the importance of targeted recovery strategies (e.g., hydration, nutrition or cold baths). For stroke performance, non-fatigued states are recommended for learning new skills, while practice under fatigued conditions may help to maintain biomechanical efficiency during prolonged games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lambrich
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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3
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Silva JP, Gava V, Ribeiro AP, Silva RS, Kamonseki DH, Barbosa GM. Changes in shoulder range of motion and muscle strength, and upper limb performance immediately after participation in throwing and racket sports: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Shoulder Elbow 2025:17585732251327677. [PMID: 40242323 PMCID: PMC11996822 DOI: 10.1177/17585732251327677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Objective To systematically review studies investigating alterations in shoulder range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and upper limb performance immediately following participation in throwing or racket sports. Methods The search was conducted in MEDLINE via Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies assessing changes in shoulder ROM, muscle strength, and upper limb performance immediately after exposure to throwing or racket sports were selected. The Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After Studies (NIH) was used to quantify the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted to verify clinical changes in the selected outcomes. Results A total of 9149 records were identified, and 27 were included in the meta-analysis. There was a decrease in internal rotation (IR) ROM of the shoulder (SMD: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22, 0.79) and throwing speed (SMD: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.70) immediately after participation in throwing sports, while no significant changes were observed in racket sports. Conclusion Exposure to real or simulated matches reduced IR ROM and ball speed in throwers but not in racket sports athletes. These results will assist clinicians in planning strategies to mitigate the decreases in sports performance in these athletes between matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Pereira Silva
- School of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
| | - Vander Gava
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- School of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Germanna Medeiros Barbosa
- School of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Vacek J, Vagner M, Malecek J, Stastny P. Tennis Serve Speed in Relation to Isokinetic Shoulder Strength, Height, and Segmental Body Mass in Junior Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2025; 10:57. [PMID: 39982297 PMCID: PMC11843948 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The relationship between the isokinetic maximal strength of internal or external shoulder rotation and serve speed in tennis is well established, yet the influence of segmental mass, height, and high-speed shoulder rotation strength on serve performance in junior players remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between concentric or eccentric isokinetic shoulder strength, segmental mass, height, and first-serve speed aimed at the T-target zone. Methods: Fifteen male junior competitive tennis players (mean ± SD: age 15.9 ± 0.9 years; height: 180.1 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 5.7 kg) were assessed for maximal isokinetic strength during concentric and eccentric internal and external shoulder rotations. Segmental mass (arm, leg, and trunk) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serve speed was recorded using a radar gun. Results: Concentric shoulder rotations at 210°/s demonstrated significant positive correlations with serve speed for both external (ρ = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01) and internal rotation (ρ = 0.61, p ≤ 0.05). Although lean arm mass partially mediated the relationship between shoulder strength and serve speed (indirect effect = 0.502, 95% CI: -0.156 to 1.145), this mediation effect was not statistically significant. Height was moderately correlated with serve speed (ρ = 0.68, p ≤ 0.01) but did not moderate the relationship between shoulder strength and serve speed. Conclusions: Concentric shoulder strength at higher angular velocities and segmental mass contribute to serve speed in junior tennis players. While height provides structural advantages, strength and lean mass play important roles, emphasizing the need for targeted training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vacek
- Department of Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Michal Vagner
- Department of Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (P.S.)
- Department of Military Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Malecek
- Department of Military Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (P.S.)
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Wang J, Xu Q. Single-session upper limb plyometric training is as effective as two sessions for improving muscle strength, power, and serve velocity in male youth tennis players: a randomized parallel controlled study. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1539739. [PMID: 39931292 PMCID: PMC11808127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1539739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Providing a balanced training stimulus that promotes positive adaptations without excessively increasing training volume-and thereby avoiding disruptions to the training process-is a challenging task for strength and conditioning coaches. This study aimed to compare the effects of one vs. two weekly sessions of upper limb plyometric training (ULPT) on muscle strength, power, and serve velocity in male youth tennis players. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled study with two ULPT groups: one receiving one session weekly (ULPT1w) and the other two sessions (ULPT2w), alongside a control group maintaining regular tennis training. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. A total of 47 male youth tennis players (15.6 ± 0.9 years), competing at the trained/developmental level, participated in the study. Evaluations were conducted twice-once before the intervention and once after-assessing isometric shoulder rotation strength (internal [ISRT] and external [ESRT]) with a dynamometer, the medicine ball chest throw (MBCT), seated shot-put test (SST), and serve velocity using a radar gun. Results In the post-intervention, significant differences were observed between groups for the variables of ISRT (p = 0.010;η p 2 = 0.189), ESRT (p = 0.004;η p 2 = 0.226), MBCT (p = 0.012;η p 2 = 0.181), SST (p = 0.019;η p 2 = 0.164), and tennis serve velocity (p = 0.004;η p 2 = 0.226). Conclusion The study found that ULPT significantly improves upper limb muscle strength, power, and serve velocity in young male tennis players, with both once and twice weekly training yielding similar benefits. As practical implications coaches can effectively incorporate ULPT once a week to enhance physical performance in young male tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hansen C, Teulier C, Micallef J, Millet GP, Girard O. How does prolonged tennis playing affect lower limb muscles' activity during first and second tennis serves? Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1472-1479. [PMID: 39305469 PMCID: PMC11451554 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
We examined the effect of prolonged tennis playing on lower limb muscles' activity during the execution of first and second tennis serves. Ten male competitive tennis players executed five first and second serves before (pretest) and after (posttest) a 3-h tennis match. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of four lower limb muscles (vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius lateralis, and soleus muscles) on each leg was recorded along with maximum ball velocity measured by a radar gun and peak vertical forces recorded by a force platform. For the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateralis, and soleus muscles of the left leg as well as the vastus lateralis muscle of the right leg, EMG amplitude decreased from pre- to posttests (p ≤ 0.033). These reductions in the EMG signal were generally more pronounced in the first serve (i.e., ranging from -10% to -40%) compared to the second serve (0% to -25%). Maximum ball velocity for both first (159 ± 12 vs. 154 ± 12 km/h) and second (126 ± 20 vs. 125 ± 15 km/h) serves remained unchanged from pre- to posttests (p = 0.638) Similarly, peak vertical forces did not differ between pretest and posttest for both first (1.78 ± 0.30 vs. 1.72 ± 0.29 body weight) and second (1.62 ± 0.25 vs. 1.75 ± 0.23 body weight) serves (p = 0.730). In conclusion, a 3-h tennis match led to decreased activation levels in various leg muscles during serves, particularly in first serves compared to second serves. Despite consistent maximum ball velocity and peak vertical forces, these reductions in EMG signals suggest that skilled tennis players may adopt compensatory strategies after prolonged play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Hansen
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinKielGermany
| | - Caroline Teulier
- CIAMSUniversité Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
- CIAMSUniversité d'OrléansOrléansFrance
| | | | | | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Science (Exercise and Sport Sciences)The University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Du Y, Xia Y, Wang L, Zhang T, Ju L. The influence of psychological change factors of tennis training strategy using optimized recurrent neural network and artificial intelligence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33273. [PMID: 39027517 PMCID: PMC11255447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the specialization of tennis technical training, the teaching focus of tennis teaching has gradually shifted to the psychological skills training of tennis players. This work addresses the impact of psychological factors on tennis players' insufficient concentration in teaching and training on match results. It discusses the psychological changes' influencing factors in tennis training strategies and analyzes the current psychological changes that are easy to occur in tennis teaching. The Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) can simulate the human brain's information processing and learning process to establish models to study human psychological changes. To explore the influence of psychological changes on tennis training, artificial intelligence technology is combined to optimize the performance of RNN, and a prediction model of psychological distress in tennis training is constructed. Additionally, a questionnaire is applied to compare the sports state of tennis players before and after the psychological regulation intervention. The findings demonstrate that following psychological regulation, 73 % of players perform as usual, 20 % present exceptionally well, and 7 % do not perform as well as usual. These results indicate an improvement compared to previous performances, highlighting the efficacy of psychological regulation supported by optimized RNN under AI assistance. This study aims to foster a consistently positive psychological state among tennis players during daily training and competitions, ensuring that their competitive performance levels remain normal or even exceed their usual standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Sports Department, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 400031, China
| | - Yujia Xia
- School of International Business & Management, Chongqing Institute of Foreign Studies, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Physical Education, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Marxism, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, 400031, China
| | - Linlin Ju
- College of Physical Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
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Paraskevopoulos E, Kottaridis FM, Moutzouri M, Koumantakis GA, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P, Christakou A, Papandreou M. Preliminary Insights into the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Modified Arm Care Screen Test for Overhead Athletes: An On-Field Tool for Injury Prevention. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3046. [PMID: 38063614 PMCID: PMC10705961 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11233046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Arm Care Screen was developed to detect musculoskeletal limitations that could affect performance or even increase the risk for shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. This study aimed to assess the discriminant validity of the modified Arm Care Screen in overhead athletes. METHODS Sixty-two overhead athletes (mean age: 24.5 ± 4.2 years) were recruited. The athletes underwent a comprehensive Arm Care Screen evaluation, including reciprocal shoulder mobility, total body rotation, lower body diagonal reach, and rotary stability assessments. Ten different musculoskeletal measurements were independently measured by two physical therapists. RESULTS The modified Arm Care Screen showed moderate to strong associations (phi values ranged from 0.273 to 0.905) with the respective musculoskeletal range of motion and balance measurements. Sensitivity ranged from 81.25% to 88.57%, indicating a high true positive rate, and specificity ranged from 43.75% to 94.44%, indicating a moderate to strong positive rate. Positive and negative likelihood ratios ranged from 1.48 to 15.92 and 0.12 to 0.38, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value ranged from 58.14% to 92% and from 73.68% to 93.18%, respectively. The accuracy of the modified ACS ranged from 62.90% to 91.94%. CONCLUSION The modified Arm Care Screen demonstrated promising diagnostic accuracy in identifying significant movement restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (G.A.K.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece; (F.-M.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Fotis-Marios Kottaridis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece; (F.-M.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Moutzouri
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (G.A.K.); (M.P.)
| | - George A. Koumantakis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (G.A.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Antonakis-Karamintzas
- 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.A.-K.); (C.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Charilaos Tsolakis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.A.-K.); (C.T.); (P.K.)
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (D.A.-K.); (C.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Christakou
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece; (F.-M.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Papandreou
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (G.A.K.); (M.P.)
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Klich S, Madeleine P, Ficek K, Sommer K, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Michener LA, Kawczyński A. Functional and morphological changes in shoulder girdle muscles after repeated climbing exercise. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:787-801. [PMID: 35179412 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of repeated climbing actions on functional and morphological measures of the shoulder girdle. Fifteen male indoor climbers participated in this study. All the climbers declared route level 6a+, as the best climbing grade (French climbing grade scale). Functional (range of motion - ROM and muscle strength), and morphological measurements (muscle/tendon stiffness and thickness) after a repeated climbing exercise protocol were analysed. The ROM and muscle strength showed significant decreases from baseline to Immediate-Post (IA) as well as significant increases from IA to 1 h-Post for all movements (p ≤ .001 for all). Muscle stiffness showed significant increases from baseline to IA after as well as significant decreases from IA to 1 h-Post for all muscles (p ≤ .001 for all). However, the thickness showed significant increases from baseline to IA for supraspinatus tendon and muscle thickness and occupation ratio (p ≤ .001 for all), while a significant decrease was observed in acromiohumeral distance (p ≤ .001). Significant decreases from IA to 1 h-Post were found for muscles/tendons and occupation ratio (p ≤ .001 for all), while a significant increase for AHD (p ≤ .001). Our data demonstrated acute alterations in tendon thickness due to acute signs of implement symptom in climbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klich
- Department of Paralympic Sport, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Galen Orthopedic Center, Bieruń, Poland
| | - Klaudia Sommer
- Wrocław University of Health and Sport Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Cesar Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
- Cátedra Institucional En Docencia, Clínica E Investigación En Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punción Seca Y Ejercicio Terapéutico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lori A Michener
- Clinical Biomechanics Orthopedic and Sports Outcomes ResearchLaboratory (COOR Lab), Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kawczyński
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
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10
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López-Vidriero Tejedor R, Laver L, López-Vidriero Tejedor E. Professional tennis players suffer high prevalence of shoulder alterations during the season: a possible tennis shoulder syndrome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:2152-2159. [PMID: 36637477 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the shoulder alterations of professional tennis players during the competition season and to compare the differences between their dominant vs. non-dominant shoulders, as well as gender and age differences. METHODS Two-hundred and seventy shoulders of (78 men and 57 women) professional active tennis players were assessed during 3 ATP and WTA tournaments. MAIN VARIABLES STUDIED long head of biceps (LHB) tenderness and synovitis; glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), total range of motion (TRM), external rotation (ER) and scapular dyskinesis (DK). Secondary variables: shoulder dominance, gender, age, training hours, ranking, type of backhand. LHB tenderness and synovitis were assessed by clinical and ultrasound examination, TRM with goniometer and DK by dynamic observation. RESULTS LHB tenderness of the dominant shoulder was present in 35% of all players, being more prevalent in women (47.4%) than men (26.9%) p = 0.023. LHB synovitis of the dominant shoulder was present in 20.2% of all players without difference between genders (n.s). High prevalence of GIRD was found in both dominant (87.4%) and non-dominant (56.3%) shoulders, being more prevalent in the dominant shoulder p = 0.00005. TRM was decreased in both dominant (144.5° ± 20.2°) and non-dominant shoulders (161.2° ± 18.9°) p = 0.00005. ER was normal in dominant (93.8° + /9.3°) and non-dominant shoulders (93.4° + /8.4°) (n.s). DK was present in 57.7% of dominant and 45.9% of non-dominant shoulders (n.s). The combination of LHB alterations, GIRD and DK in the dominant shoulder was present in 13.3% of the participants. There were no significant differences between younger (< 22 years) vs older players (≥ 22 years). CONCLUSION Professional tennis players actively playing suffer a high prevalence of LHB inflammation, GIRD, scapular dyskinesis and decreased TRM in their dominant and non-dominant shoulders. The LHB is a significant cause for anterior shoulder pain in this population. Women suffer more LHB tenderness than men. Young players are as affected as older players. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa López-Vidriero Tejedor
- ISMEC (International Sports Medicine Clinic), Seville, Spain. .,Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Madrid, Spain. .,Mutua Madrid Open 1000 ATP/WTA Tennis Masters, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lior Laver
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center (HYMC), Hadera, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,AtrhroSport Clinic, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Emilio López-Vidriero Tejedor
- ISMEC (International Sports Medicine Clinic), Seville, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Madrid, Spain.,Mutua Madrid Open 1000 ATP/WTA Tennis Masters, Madrid, Spain.,Andalusian Tennis Federation, Seville, Spain.,Orthopedic Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
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11
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Brito AV, Carvalho DD, Fonseca P, Monteiro AS, Fernandes A, Fernández-Fernández J, Fernandes RJ. Shoulder Torque Production and Muscular Balance after Long and Short Tennis Points. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15857. [PMID: 36497932 PMCID: PMC9737849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tennis is an asymmetric sport characterized by a systematic repetition of specific movements that may cause disturbances in muscular strength, power, and torque. Thus, we assessed (i) the torque, power, ratio production, and bilateral asymmetries in the shoulder's external and internal rotations at 90 and 180°/s angular velocities, and (ii) the point duration influence of the above-mentioned variables. Twenty competitive tennis players performed external and internal shoulder rotations; an isokinetic evaluation was conducted of the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs before and after five and ten forehands. A higher torque production in the shoulder's internal rotations at 90 and 180°/s was observed for the dominant vs. non-dominant sides (e.g., 63.1 ± 15.6 vs. 45.9 ± 9.8% and 62.5 ± 17.3 vs. 44.0 ± 12.6% of peak torque/body mass, p < 0.05). The peak torque decreased only after ten forehands (38.3 ± 15.8 vs. 38.2 ± 15.8 and 39.3 ± 16.1 vs. 38.1 ± 15.6 Nm, respectively, p < 0.05), but without impacting speed or accuracy. Unilateral systematic actions of tennis players caused contralateral asymmetries, evidencing the importance of implementing compensatory training. The forehand kinematic assessment suggests that racket and wrist amplitude, as well as speed, are important success determinants in tennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André V. Brito
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo D. Carvalho
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonseca
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Monteiro
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aléxia Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo J. Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Determinant Physical Factors of Tennis Serve Velocity: A Brief Review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1159-1169. [PMID: 35894981 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the main physical aspects that could positively or negatively influence serve velocity (SV). METHODS An examination of existing literature including studies analyzing positive (biomechanical aspects, anthropometrics, range of motion, strength, and power) and negative (competition-induced fatigue) associations to SV are summarized in this review. RESULTS Aspects such as lower-leg drive, hip and trunk rotations, upper-arm extension, and internal rotation seem to be the major contributors to racquet and ball speed. Favorable anthropometric characteristics, such as body height, arm length, and a greater lean body mass, seem to positively influence SV. Also, strength indicators such as maximal isometric strength and rate of force development in specific joint positions involved in the kinetic chain alongside upper-body power seem to be related to faster serves. On the other hand, the effects of prolonged or repetitive match play may impair the aforementioned factors and negatively influence SV. CONCLUSIONS Following specific serving models that seem to enhance velocity production and efficient motion is highly recommended. Moreover, achieving a higher impact point, alongside shifting body composition toward a greater lean body mass, will most likely aid toward faster serves. Programs aiming at improving maximal isometric strength and rate of force development in specific positions involved in the kinetic chain including stretch-shortening cycle predominance and the mimicking of the serve motion seem of great interest to potentially increase SV. Effective recovery and monitoring of these variables appear to be essential to avoid impairments produced by continued or repetitive competition loads.
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Colomar J, Corbi F, Baiget E. Force-Time Curve Variable Outcomes Following a Simulated Tennis Match in Junior Players. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:245-252. [PMID: 35719231 PMCID: PMC9157512 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the alterations induced by a simulated tennis competition on maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC), peak rate of force development (PRFD) and rate of force development (RFD) at different stages of contraction. Twenty junior tennis players performed an 80-minute simulated tennis match and two (pre and post) muscular performance tests. Variables tested included MVC, PRFD and RFD at 50, 100, 150 and 200 ms while performing a 90º shoulder internal rotation (IR90), 90º shoulder external rotation (ER90), shoulder horizontal adduction (ADD), shoulder horizontal abduction (ABD) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Serve velocity (SV) was also registered. No significant changes were found regarding MVC, PRFD or SV. Non-significant moderate effect size (ES) towards a decrease in the IR90 RFD at 50 ms could be observed (16%; ES = 0.5) alongside an increase in the ADD and IMTP RFD at 150 ms (-15.8%, -8.2%; ES = -0.53, -0.54) and IMTP RFD at 200 ms (-13%; ES = -0.54). Results indicate that MVC, PRFD, RFD at different time intervals and SV are unaltered following an 80-minute simulated match, possibly due to insufficient alterations triggered on key factors affecting the tested variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Colomar
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Sport Performance Analysis Research Group (SPARG), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ernest Baiget
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Acute Effects of 2 Consecutive Simulated Badminton Matches on the Shoulder Range of Motion and Isometric Strength of Elite Youth Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1447-1453. [PMID: 33691283 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the influence of playing 2 consecutive prolonged badminton matches on the shoulder strength and range of motion (ROM) of young players. METHODS Sixteen elite junior badminton players (12 males and 4 females; mean (SD): age 16.2 [0.8] years, body mass 63.5 [6.6] kg, height 173.2 [6.3] cm) participated in a cross-sectional study. Shoulder internal (IR)/external rotation (ER) ROM and IR/ER strength measures were conducted before and after 2 consecutive prolonged (ie, 35 min) matches and 12 hours after the second match. RESULTS After consecutive matches, IR strength of the dominant side and ER strength of the dominant and nondominant sides (effect size [ES] = 0.20-0.57) were reduced. Shoulder total ROM of the dominant side was decreased (ES = 0.80), while on the nondominant side, IR (ES = 0.66) was also decreased. After 12 hours, results showed decreased values in the IR/ER strength of the dominant side (ES = 0.36-1.00), as well as ER of both dominant and nondominant sides (ES = 0.30-0.59). IR ROM of the nondominant side (ES = 0.69) was also decreased. CONCLUSION Present results showed that 2 consecutive matches on the same day with brief rest periods led to significant impairments in shoulder strength and ROM levels. These data can potentially elucidate the need for shoulder-specific training and recovery strategies prior to or during competitions.
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Fernández-Elías V, Courel-Ibáñez J, Pérez-López A, Jodra P, Moreno-Pérez V, Coso JD, López-Samanes Á. Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Does Not Improve Match-Play Activity in Professional Tennis Players. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:30-37. [PMID: 33180007 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1835585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beetroot juice is a source of dietary nitrate (NO3-) recognized as a potential ergogenic aid to enhance tolerance during endurance exercise of submaximal-to-maximal intensity. However, little is known about the effects of beetroot juice on exercise performance in intermittent sports such as tennis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acute beetroot juice supplementation on movement patterns during a competitive tennis match in professional players. METHODS In a double-blind and randomized experiment, nine professional tennis players performed two experimental trials 3 h after ingesting either 70 mL of a commercially-available concentrated beetroot juice (6.4 mmol NO3-) or placebo (0.005 mmol NO3-). In each experimental trial, players completed a 3-set tennis match and two performance tests (i.e., serve speed and isometric handgrip strength) before and after the match. Match-play running performance was recorded using wearable GPS and accelerometer units. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo trial, the acute beetroot juice supplementation did not modify any match-play running performance (p = 0.178 to 0.997, d = 0.01 to 0.42). Furthermore, beetroot juice supplementation did not alter the pre-to-post match change in serve speed (p = 0.663, ηp2 = 0.03) or isometric handgrip strength (p = 0.219, ηp2 = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that acute ingestion of a commercialized shot of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (70 mL containing 6.4 mmol of NO3-) did not produce any performance benefit on tennis matchplay. Thus, acute beetroot juice supplementation seems an ergogenic aid with little value to enhance physical performance in professional tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Jodra
- Department of Education Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Álvaro López-Samanes
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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16
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López-Samanes Á, Pérez-López A, Moreno-Pérez V, Nakamura FY, Acebes-Sánchez J, Quintana-Milla I, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Moreno-Pérez D, Fernández-Elías VE, Domínguez R. Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Physical Performance in Highly Competitive Tennis Players. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020584. [PMID: 32102263 PMCID: PMC7071491 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beetroot juice (BJ) contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3−) and its intake has good evidence in increasing blood nitrate/nitrite concentrations. The ingestion of BJ has been associated with improvements in physical performance of endurance sports, however the literature in intermittent sports is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BJ could improve physical performance in tennis players. Thirteen well-trained tennis players (25.4 ± 5.1 years) participated in the study during their preparatory period for the tennis season. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and performed a neuromuscular test battery after either BJ or placebo (PLA) consumption. Both trials were executed on two separate days, in randomized order, with one week of wash out period. The test battery consisted of serve velocity test (SVT), countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (IHS), 5-0-5 agility test (5-0-5), and 10 m sprint (10-m). No significant differences were found in SVT (1.19%; p = 0.536), CMJ (0.96%; p = 0.327), IHS (4.06%; p = 0.069), 5-0-5 dominant and nondominant side (1.11–2.02%; p = 0.071–0.191) and 10-m (1.05%; p = 0.277) when comparing BJ and PLA ingestion. Thus, our data suggest that low doses of BJ (70 mL) consumption do not enhance tennis physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Samanes
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-709-1400 (ext. 1955)
| | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, San Juan, 03202 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, 58051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Acebes-Sánchez
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-S.); (I.Q.-M.)
| | - Iñaki Quintana-Milla
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-S.); (I.Q.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Education, Research and Evaluation Methods, Universidad Pontifica de Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Raúl Domínguez
- College of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a term used in the literature to describe the physiological adaptation that occurs in the dominant arm of the overhead-throwing athlete. The meaning of this term and the clinical significance and the rationale for its treatment have all been described with some ambiguity within the literature. GIRD as a measurement is multivariate. There is an adaptive bony component in humeral retroversion (HR) and muscular contributions in the form of thixotropy which can confound the capsular component of GIRD. Emerging diagnostic tools such as ultrasound can help differentiate between the bony and soft tissue contributions as well as provide a dynamic assessment in the throwing shoulder. The purpose of this review is to describe and differentiate between anatomical GIRD (aGIRD) and pathological GIRD (pGIRD), discuss the clinical significance of pGIRD and values reported within the literature, and describe its measurement and clinical treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature has demonstrated that GIRD alone is not associated with injury risk of the upper extremity in the overhead athlete. Although past literature has demonstrated pGIRD as increasing injury risk, other variables such as external rotation (ER) deficit, horizontal adduction deficit, and shoulder flexion deficit have been associated with injury of the upper extremity while GIRD did not. Further, an appreciation for the difference between adaptive GIRD and pathologic GIRD has recently been emphasized to ensure optimal treatment addresses the pathologic portion of GIRD. The recent focus on early treatment approaches to pGIRD may play a role in its diminished risk association. This review offers the term humeral retroversion (HR) Corrected GIRD as a more clinically sensitive value that may provide the clinician a more precise rationale for the treatment of pGIRD. Currently, diagnostic ultrasound is a reliable and valid method for measuring HR in the overhead-throwing athlete. Future research that validates clinical methods for assessing HR could provide utility for clinical decision-making in the absence of diagnostic ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Zajac
- Mayo Clinic Tempe Sports Medicine, 63 S. Rockford Drive, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - John M Tokish
- Mayo Clinic Tempe Sports Medicine, 63 S. Rockford Drive, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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Analysis of the presence and influence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on posterior stiffness and isometric shoulder rotators strength ratio in recreational and amateur handball players. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 42:1-8. [PMID: 31865237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether recreational and amateur handball players exhibit Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD), and if it is accompanied by posterior stiffness and changes in shoulder rotators strength. DESIGN Cross-Sectional Study; SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Indoor and beach handball players, members of handball teams or engaged in some handball recreational group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Range of motion (ROM) of internal rotation (IR) and horizontal adduction (HA), and isometric internal and external rotators strength. Based on the ROM of internal rotation, they were allocated to groups with and without GIRD. RESULTS The dominant shoulder of GIRD group obtained a lower ROM of IR compared to the non-dominant shoulder of the same group (p < 0.01) and to the dominant (p = 0.02) and non-dominant (p = 0.01) shoulders of the group without GIRD. Less horizontal adduction was observed in both groups (p = 0.01), as well as greater external rotator strength (p = 0.01) and external/internal rotators strength ratio (p < 0.04) in the dominant shoulder. The rotators strength ratio was greater in GIRD group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the dominant shoulder had greater posterior stiffness and external rotator strength, regardless of GIRD. Also the group with GIRD showed higher rotators strength ratio.
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Moreno-Pérez V, Nakamura FY, Sánchez-Migallón V, Domínguez R, Fernández-Elías VE, Fernández-Fernández J, Pérez-López A, López-Samanes A. The acute effect of match-play on hip range of motion and isometric strength in elite tennis players. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7940. [PMID: 31737442 PMCID: PMC6855201 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Groin injuries are some of the most common injuries tennis players suffer. Several factors (e.g., post-match decrease in hip adductor (ADD) strength) have been proposed as possible mechanisms for increasing the incidence of this type of injury. However, the risk factors of developing groin injuries after a tennis match have not yet been delineated. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tennis match-play on isometric ADD and abductor (ABD) strength and passive hip range of motion (ROM). Methods Twenty-six male tennis players (20.30 ± 4.98 years) took part in this study. Participants completed an evaluation of strength and flexibility hip measurements before and after a simulated tennis match. Dominant and non-dominant passive hip ROM, ADD and ABD isometric strength, and the ADD/ABD strength ratio were measured before and immediately post-match. A global positioning system (GPS) and a session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to assess the locomotive demands and internal match load. Results Isometric dominant ADD strength (17.8%, p ≤ 0.01) and ADD/ABD strength ratio (11.6%, p = 0.04) were lower post-match compared to the pre-match values. No between-limbs differences were observed for isometric ADD strength, ABD strength, and passive hip ROM tests. RPE showed an expected increase between pre- vs. post-match (pre- vs. post-warming-up, 3.42 ± 2.08 vs. 5.62 ± 2.29, p < 0.01). In addition, a significant relationship between ADD strength and the volume of tennis practice per week was found, stablishing that tennis players with lower volume of training per week suffered a reduction in ADD strength in their dominant limb after match-play (r = 0.420, p = 0.04). Conclusion The assessment of ADD strength and the ADD/ABD strength ratio in the dominant limb may be considered a post-match tool that can be used to identify players who require rest and additional recovery strategies before competing again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, San Juan, Spain
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, Joao Pessoa University, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Violeta Sánchez-Migallón
- School of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Domínguez
- College of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad del León, Spain, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Area of Sport and Physical Education), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro López-Samanes
- School of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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