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Beveridge CF, Espinoza JC, Athayde S, Correa SB, Couto TBA, Heilpern SA, Jenkins CN, Piland NC, Utsunomiya R, Wongchuig S, Anderson EP. The Andes-Amazon-Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social-ecological system sustainability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306229121. [PMID: 38722826 PMCID: PMC11145265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306229121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Amazon River Basin's extraordinary social-ecological system is sustained by various water phases, fluxes, and stores that are interconnected across the tropical Andes mountains, Amazon lowlands, and Atlantic Ocean. This "Andes-Amazon-Atlantic" (AAA) pathway is a complex hydroclimatic system linked by the regional water cycle through atmospheric circulation and continental hydrology. Here, we aim to articulate the AAA hydroclimate pathway as a foundational system for research, management, conservation, and governance of aquatic systems of the Amazon Basin. We identify and describe the AAA pathway as an interdependent, multidirectional, and multiscale hydroclimate system. We then present an assessment of recent (1981 to 2020) changes in the AAA pathway, primarily reflecting an acceleration in the rates of hydrologic fluxes (i.e., water cycle intensification). We discuss how the changing AAA pathway orchestrates and impacts social-ecological systems. We conclude with four recommendations for the sustainability of the AAA pathway in ongoing research, management, conservation, and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Beveridge
- Institute of Environment, Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
| | - Jhan-Carlo Espinoza
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, Grenoble Institut d’Ingénierie et de Management, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (UMR 5001), Grenoble38400, France
- Instituto de Investigación sobre la Enseñanza de las Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima15088, Peru
| | - Simone Athayde
- Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
- Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
| | - Sandra Bibiana Correa
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS39762
| | - Thiago B. A. Couto
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian A. Heilpern
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
| | - Clinton N. Jenkins
- Institute of Environment, Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
- Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
| | - Natalia C. Piland
- Institute of Environment, Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
| | - Renata Utsunomiya
- Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, São Paulo05508-900, Brazil
| | - Sly Wongchuig
- Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3, Toulouse31400, France
| | - Elizabeth P. Anderson
- Institute of Environment, Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL33199
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Braitenbach Cavali J, Vargas Baldi SC, Coutinho Marques Rocha AS, Eloy da Silva E, Taveira Nunes C, Soares EC, de Vargas Schons S, Zanella R, Bianchini Pontuschka R, Vieira Dantas Filho J. Pre-Slaughter Stunning Methods Influence the Meat Quality of Arapaima gigas Fillets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1155. [PMID: 38672303 PMCID: PMC11047330 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different stunning methods on the meat quality of Arapaima gigas fillets from fish farming. A total of 48 specimens of A. gigas in the weight class 11.1 to 14.0 kg were investigated; these fish were subjected to different stunning methods for slaughter: ice asphyxia (IA), air asphyxia (AA), electronarcosis (EE) and hypothermia followed by bleeding (HB). Then, data were obtained from the analysis of pH, rigor mortis index (RI), water activity (Aw), instrumental texture (compression strength, firmness and adhesiveness) and blood glucose and via instrumental colourimetry. During the study, for up to 15 days of refrigerated storage, the methods provided pH values below 6.0. A. gigas submitted to EE and HB remained longer in the pre-rigor status. In addition, they expressed lower percentages of Aw. The EE method resulted in better texture assignments in the fillets. The blood glucose values indicated that the fish subjected to EE were less stressed. Concerning instrumental colourimetry, the fillets submitted to EE and HB showed greater luminosity; the fillets subjected to AA showed greater red-green colour intensity, while the fillets subjected to EE showed greater yellow-blue colour intensity. Therefore, the fish did not suffer stress with electronarcosis, and the fillets showed better preservation, juiciness, and tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucilene Braitenbach Cavali
- Laboratório de Análises Físico-Químicas e Microbiológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Presidente Médici 76916-000, Brazil; (J.B.C.); (A.S.C.M.R.); (E.E.d.S.); (C.T.N.); (R.B.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal Sustentável na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Sabrina Coutinho Marques Rocha
- Laboratório de Análises Físico-Químicas e Microbiológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Presidente Médici 76916-000, Brazil; (J.B.C.); (A.S.C.M.R.); (E.E.d.S.); (C.T.N.); (R.B.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal Sustentável na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Agronegócio, Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL JPR AFYA, Ji-Paraná 76907-524, Brazil
| | - Erica Eloy da Silva
- Laboratório de Análises Físico-Químicas e Microbiológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Presidente Médici 76916-000, Brazil; (J.B.C.); (A.S.C.M.R.); (E.E.d.S.); (C.T.N.); (R.B.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal 76907-524, Brazil
| | - Carla Taveira Nunes
- Laboratório de Análises Físico-Químicas e Microbiológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Presidente Médici 76916-000, Brazil; (J.B.C.); (A.S.C.M.R.); (E.E.d.S.); (C.T.N.); (R.B.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rolim de Moura 76940-000, Brazil;
| | - Emerson Carlos Soares
- Centro de Aquicultura e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo 57100-000, Brazil;
| | - Sandro de Vargas Schons
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rolim de Moura 76940-000, Brazil;
| | - Renato Zanella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Rute Bianchini Pontuschka
- Laboratório de Análises Físico-Químicas e Microbiológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Presidente Médici 76916-000, Brazil; (J.B.C.); (A.S.C.M.R.); (E.E.d.S.); (C.T.N.); (R.B.P.)
| | - Jerônimo Vieira Dantas Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Agronegócio, Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL JPR AFYA, Ji-Paraná 76907-524, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rolim de Moura 76940-000, Brazil;
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Gonçalves AS, Netto-Ferreira AL, Saldanha SC, Rocha ACG, Gales SM, Silva DJF, Carvalho DC, Sales JBL, Burlamaqui TCT, Ready JS. Convergent and environmentally associated chromatic polymorphism in Bryconops Kner, 1858 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Iguanodectidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298170. [PMID: 38358968 PMCID: PMC10868817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bryconops Kner, 1858, includes two well defined subgenera based on morphological evidence, with each containing at least one species (B. (Bryconops) caudomaculatus and B. (Creatochanes) melanurus) with a very wide distribution, within which regional populations present color variations. To test if phenotypic variation is related to cladogenetic events, we performed tests for phylogenetic independence and determined the strength of convergence for color characters in relation to water type, as the variation between clear, black and white waters is considered to be one of the major driving forces in the evolution of Amazonian fishes. Color characters for fins above the median line of the body were generally found to be independent from phylogeny and the Wheatsheaf test strongly supports convergence of the dorsal fin color between populations of species in the same type of water, with a similar trend suggested for the color of the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin. This means that simple color characters cannot necessarily be relied upon for taxonomic revisions of the genus as local phenotypic variants may represent environmentally determined plasticity or convergent evolution. Further studies are required to determine the validity of these characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa S. Gonçalves
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - André L. Netto-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Zoology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samantha C. Saldanha
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana C. G. Rocha
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Suellen M. Gales
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Derlan J. F. Silva
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia dos Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João B. L. Sales
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Tibério C. T. Burlamaqui
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnologico Vale, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jonathan S. Ready
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation (GIBI), Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li F, Altermatt F. Fishing eDNA in One of the World's Largest Rivers: A Case Study of Cross-Sectional and Depth Profile Sampling in the Yangtze. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21691-21703. [PMID: 37878726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The world's largest rivers are home to diverse, endemic, and threatened fish species. However, their sheer sizes make large-scale biomonitoring challenging. While environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has become an established monitoring approach in smaller freshwater ecosystems, its suitability for large rivers may be challenged by the sheer extent of their cross sections (>1 km wide and tens of meters deep). Here, we sampled fish eDNA from multiple vertical layers and horizontal locations from two cross sections of the lower reach of the Yangtze River in China. Over half of the ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) were detected in only a single combination of the vertical layers and horizontal locations, with ∼7% across all combinations. We estimated the need to sample >100 L of water across the cross-sectional profiles to achieve ASV richness saturation, which translates to ∼60 L of water at the species level. No consistent pattern emerged for prioritizing certain depth and horizontal samples, yet we underline the importance of sampling and integrating different layers and locations simultaneously. Our study highlights the significance of spatially stratified sampling and sampling volumes when using eDNA approaches. Specifically, we developed and tested a scalable and broadly applicable strategy that advances the monitoring and conservation of large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich 8006, Switzerland
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Nunes I, Passos K, Mourão Ximenes A, Hrbek T, Farias IP. Spatial and temporal population genetic analysis of Semaprochilodus insignis (Prochilodontidae), an overexploited fish from the Amazon basin. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15503. [PMID: 37361032 PMCID: PMC10289084 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Semaprochilodus insignis is a migratory fish of commercial and subsistence importance to communities in the Amazon. Despite the high intensity of exploitation, recent studies have not been carried out to assess the genetic status of its stocks. Methods This study is the first to estimate genetic diversity and to test the existence of spatial and temporal structuring of S. insignis through sequencing of the mtDNA control region (n = 241) and eight microsatellite loci (n = 180) of individuals sampled at 11 sites distributed in the Brazilian Amazon basin. Results Results for both markers were congruent, revealing a homogeneous genetic diversity in all the sampled locations, in addition to the absence of spatial and temporal genetic structure, indicating that the species forms a large panmictic population in the Brazilian Amazon. Discussion Although overfishing does not yet appear to have affected the levels of genetic variability of S. insignis, signals of reduction of the effective population size and a bottleneck provide an early alert to the effects of overfishing. Thus, the ever-decreasing populations may threaten S. insignis in the future. Therefore, it is hoped that the results of this study may contribute to the elaboration of management plans or any other measures that aim at the management and conservation of this species of great importance for the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Nunes
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Kelmer Passos
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Aline Mourão Ximenes
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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Arantes CC, Castello L, Basurto X, Angeli N, Sene-Haper A, McGrath DG. Institutional effects on ecological outcomes of community-based management of fisheries in the Amazon. AMBIO 2022; 51:678-690. [PMID: 34136995 PMCID: PMC8800982 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Communities throughout the globe are increasingly being given the responsibility of resource management, making it necessary to understand the factors that lead to success in community-based management (CBM). Here, we assessed whether and how institutional design principles affect the ecological outcomes of CBM schemes for Arapaima sp., an important common-pool fishery resource of the Amazon Basin. We quantified the degree of presence of Ostrom's (Science 325:419-422, 1990) institutional design principles in 83 communities using a systematic survey, and quantitatively linked the design principles to a measure of ecological outcome (arapaima density) in a subset of 39 communities to assess their influence. To understand regional patterns of institutional capacity for CBM, we evaluated the degree of presence of each principle in all 83 communities. The principle scores were positively related to arapaima density in the 39 CBM schemes, explaining about half of the variation. Design principles related to defined boundaries and graduated sanctions exerted the strongest influence on the capacity of CBM to increase arapaima density. The degree to which most principles were present in all 83 communities was generally low, however, with the two most influential principles (defined boundaries and graduated sanctions) being the least present of all. Although the roles of the other principles (management rules, conflict resolution, collective action, and monitoring systems) are probably important, our results indicate that efforts aimed at strengthening the presence of defined boundaries and graduated sanctions in communities hold promise to improve the effectiveness of arapaima CBM regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Arantes
- Present Address: Davis College, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, 1145 Evansdale Drive, 325G Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Leandro Castello
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 West Campus Drive, Cheatham Hall, Room 106 (MC 0321), Blacksburg, VA 2406 USA
| | - Xavier Basurto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
| | - Nicole Angeli
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Government of the Virgin Islands, 45 Mars Hill, Frederiksted, St. Croix, USVI 00840 USA
| | - Aby Sene-Haper
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Lehotshky Hall #276B, Clemson, SC 29634-0735 USA
| | - David G. McGrath
- Earth Innovation Institute, 2111 San Pablo Ave, PO Box 2739, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA
- Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Pará Brazil
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Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091324. [PMID: 34573306 PMCID: PMC8467478 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazonian symbol fish Arapaima gigas is the only living representative of the Arapamidae family. Environmental pressures and illegal fishing threaten the species’ survival. To protect wild populations, a national regulation must be developed for the management of A. gigas throughout the Amazon basin. Moreover, the reproductive genetic management and recruitment of additional founders by aquaculture farms are needed to mitigate the damage caused by domestication. To contribute to the sustainable development, we investigated the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated populations of A. gigas and developed a panel composed by 12 microsatellite markers for individual and population genetic tracing. We analyzed 368 samples from three wild and four farmed populations. The results revealed low rates of genetic diversity in all populations, loss of genetic diversity and high inbreeding rates in farmed populations, and genetic structuring among wild and farmed populations. Genetic tracing using the 12 microsatellite markers was effective, and presented a better performance in identifying samples at the population level. The 12-microsatellite panel is appliable to the legal aspects of the trade of the A. gigas, such as origin discrimination, reproductive genetic management by DNA profiling, and evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity.
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Genomic approach for conservation and the sustainable management of endangered species of the Amazon. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240002. [PMID: 33626057 PMCID: PMC7904187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad panel of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci and a multiplex system were developed for the Amazonian symbol fish species Arapaima gigas, which is currently in high danger of extinction due to the disorderly fishing exploitation. Several factors have contributed to the increase of this threat, among which we highlight the lack of genetic information about the structure and taxonomic status of the species, as well as the lack of accurate tools for evaluation of the effectivity of current management programs. Based on Arapaima gigas’ whole genome, available at the NCBI database (ID: 12404), a total of 95,098 unique perfect microsatellites were identified, including their proposed primers. From this panel, a multiplex system containing 12 tetranucleotide microsatellite markers was validated. These tools are valuable for research in as many areas as bioinformatics, ecology, genetics, evolution and comparative studies, since they are able to provide more accurate information for fishing management, conservation of wild populations and genetic management of aquaculture.
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Jacobi CM, Villamarín F, Campos-Silva JV, Jardine T, Magnusson WE. Feeding of Arapaima sp.: integrating stomach contents and local ecological knowledge. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:265-272. [PMID: 32383478 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The giant arapaima (Arapaima sp.) has been described as a fish of change in Amazonia because of its important role in the conservation of floodplains, food security and income generation for rural communities. Nonetheless, despite the cultural, ecological and economic importance of arapaima, data on diet are scarce. Aiming to expand knowledge about arapaima diet in western Amazonia, scientific knowledge was integrated with the knowledge of local dwellers. During the low-water period (September 2018) and the falling-water period (June 2019), arapaima stomachs were collected from 11 floodplain lakes in the middle Juruá River. All fishes were measured [TL (total length)] and sexed. Food items from each stomach were categorized as fishes, invertebrates, plants and bone remains and weighed. Also, in the latter period, experienced local fishers were interviewed about arapaima feeding. This integrated approach revealed that young arapaima eat fish and invertebrates but adult arapaima eat fish of a wide range of species, which were mainly of low and intermediate trophic positions. This study reports the first case of cannibalism for arapaima and also shows that during the low-water period, many individuals had empty stomachs or only some small fish-bone remains and/or plant material. Arapaima sex and TL had no influence on the absence of prey in stomach contents. Overall, it can be concluded that local people had consistent ethnobiological knowledge of arapaima feeding ecology that could be useful within management projects in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Jacobi
- Department of Ecology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Francisco Villamarín
- Department of Biogeografia y Ecología Espacial, Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Universidad Regional Amazónica - Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
| | - João V Campos-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Timothy Jardine
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - William E Magnusson
- Department of Ecology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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Oliveira EAD, Sassi FDMC, Perez MF, Bertollo LAC, Ráb P, Ezaz T, Hatanaka T, Viana PF, Feldberg E, Oliveira EHCD, Cioffi MDB. Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The South American giant fishes of the genus Arapaima, commonly known as pirarucu, are one of the most iconic among Osteoglossiformes. Previously cytogenetic studies have identified their karyotype characteristics; however, characterization of cytotaxonomic differentiation across their distribution range remains unknown. In this study, we compared chromosomal characteristics using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols in pirarucu populations from the Amazon and Tocantins-Araguaia river basins to verify if there is differentiation among representatives of this genus. Our data revealed that individuals from all populations present the same diploid chromosome number 2n=56 and karyotype composed of 14 pairs of meta- to submetacentric and 14 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes. The minor and major rDNA sites are in separate chromosomal pairs, in which major rDNA sites corresponds to large heterochromatic blocks. Comparative genomic hybridizations (CGH) showed that the genome of these populations shared a great portion of repetitive elements, due to a lack of substantial specific signals. Our comparative cytogenetic data analysis of pirarucu suggested that, although significant genetic differences occur among populations, their general karyotype patterns remain conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel A. de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil; Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Petr Ráb
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
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