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Rowe J, Grangé-Guermente M, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Wimalasekera R, Lenz MO, Shetty KN, Cutler SR, Jones AM. Next-generation ABACUS biosensors reveal cellular ABA dynamics driving root growth at low aerial humidity. NATURE PLANTS 2023:10.1038/s41477-023-01447-4. [PMID: 37365314 PMCID: PMC10356609 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates under abiotic stress to recast water relations and development. To overcome a lack of high-resolution sensitive reporters, we developed ABACUS2s-next-generation Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors for ABA with high affinity, signal-to-noise ratio and orthogonality-that reveal endogenous ABA patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. We mapped stress-induced ABA dynamics in high resolution to reveal the cellular basis for local and systemic ABA functions. At reduced foliar humidity, root cells accumulated ABA in the elongation zone, the site of phloem-transported ABA unloading. Phloem ABA and root ABA signalling were both essential to maintain root growth at low humidity. ABA coordinates a root response to foliar stresses, enabling plants to maintain foraging of deeper soil for water uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rowe
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Rinukshi Wimalasekera
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Botany, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Martin O Lenz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sean R Cutler
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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2
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Kelly G, Yaaran A, Gal A, Egbaria A, Brandsma D, Belausov E, Wolf D, David-Schwartz R, Granot D, Eyal Y, Carmi N, Sade N. Guard cell activity of PIF4 and HY5 control transpiration. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111583. [PMID: 36608874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Whole-plant transpiration, controlled by plant hydraulics and stomatal movement, is regulated by endogenous and environmental signals, with the light playing a dominant role. Stomatal pore size continuously adjusts to changes in light intensity and quality to ensure optimal CO2 intake for photosynthesis on the one hand, together with minimal water loss on the other. The link between light and transpiration is well established, but the genetic knowledge of how guard cells perceive those signals to affect stomatal conductance is still somewhat limited. In the current study, we evaluated the role of two central light-responsive transcription factors; a bZIP-family transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4), in the regulation of steady-state transpiration. We show that overexpression of PIF4 exclusively in guard cells (GCPIF4) decreases transpiration, and can restrain the high transpiration of the pif4 mutant. Expression of HY5 specifically in guard cells (GCHY5) had the opposite effect of enhancing transpiration rates of WT- Arabidopsis and tobacco plants and of the hy5 mutant in Arabidopsis. In addition, we show that GCHY5 can reverse the low transpiration caused by guard cell overexpression of the sugar sensor HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1, GCHXK), an established low transpiring genotype. Finally, we suggest that the GCHY5 reversion of low transpiration by GCHXK requires the auto-activation of the endogenous HY5 in other tissues. These findings support the existence of an ongoing diurnal regulation of transpiration by the light-responsive transcription factors HY5 and PIF4 in the stomata, which ultimately determine the whole-plant water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Atara Gal
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danja Brandsma
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Podolec R, Wagnon TB, Leonardelli M, Johansson H, Ulm R. Arabidopsis B-box transcription factors BBX20-22 promote UVR8 photoreceptor-mediated UV-B responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:422-439. [PMID: 35555928 PMCID: PMC9541035 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo photomorphogenic development in the presence of light. Photomorphogenesis is repressed by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), which binds to substrates through their valine-proline (VP) motifs. The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor senses UV-B and inhibits COP1 through the cooperative binding of its own VP motif and photosensing core to COP1, thereby preventing COP1 binding to substrates, including the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcriptional regulator ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). As a key promoter of visible light and UV-B photomorphogenesis, HY5 requires coregulators for its function. The B-box family transcription factors BBX20-BBX22 were recently described as HY5 rate-limiting coactivators under red light, but their role in UVR8 signaling was unknown. Here we describe a hypermorphic bbx21-3D mutant with enhanced photomorphogenesis, carrying a proline-to-leucine mutation at position 314 in the VP motif that impairs the interaction with and regulation by COP1. We show that BBX21 and BBX22 are UVR8-dependently stabilized after UV-B exposure, which is counteracted by a repressor induced by HY5/BBX activity. bbx20 bbx21 bbx22 mutants under UV-B are impaired in hypocotyl growth inhibition, photoprotective pigment accumulation and the expression of several HY5-dependent genes under continuous UV-B, but the immediate induction of marker genes after exposure to UV-B remains surprisingly rather unaffected. We conclude that BBX20-BBX22 contribute to HY5 activity in a subset of UV-B responses, but that additional, presently unknown, coactivators for HY5 are functional in early UVR8 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Podolec
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3)University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Timothée B. Wagnon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Manuela Leonardelli
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Institute of Biology/Applied GeneticsDahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3)University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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4
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Ferguson JN, Fernandes SB, Monier B, Miller ND, Allen D, Dmitrieva A, Schmuker P, Lozano R, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Gore MA, Brown PJ, Spalding EP, Leakey ADB. Machine learning-enabled phenotyping for GWAS and TWAS of WUE traits in 869 field-grown sorghum accessions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1481-1500. [PMID: 34618065 PMCID: PMC9040483 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a model C4 crop made experimentally tractable by extensive genomic and genetic resources. Biomass sorghum is studied as a feedstock for biofuel and forage. Mechanistic modeling suggests that reducing stomatal conductance (gs) could improve sorghum intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and biomass production. Phenotyping to discover genotype-to-phenotype associations remains a bottleneck in understanding the mechanistic basis for natural variation in gs and iWUE. This study addressed multiple methodological limitations. Optical tomography and a machine learning tool were combined to measure stomatal density (SD). This was combined with rapid measurements of leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and specific leaf area (SLA). These traits were the subject of genome-wide association study and transcriptome-wide association study across 869 field-grown biomass sorghum accessions. The ratio of intracellular to ambient CO2 was genetically correlated with SD, SLA, gs, and biomass production. Plasticity in SD and SLA was interrelated with each other and with productivity across wet and dry growing seasons. Moderate-to-high heritability of traits studied across the large mapping population validated associations between DNA sequence variation or RNA transcript abundance and trait variation. A total of 394 unique genes underpinning variation in WUE-related traits are described with higher confidence because they were identified in multiple independent tests. This list was enriched in genes whose Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) putative orthologs have functions related to stomatal or leaf development and leaf gas exchange, as well as genes with nonsynonymous/missense variants. These advances in methodology and knowledge will facilitate improving C4 crop WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Samuel B Fernandes
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Brandon Monier
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, USA
| | - Nathan D Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706, USA
| | - Dylan Allen
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Anna Dmitrieva
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Peter Schmuker
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Roberto Lozano
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ravi Valluru
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, USA
- Present address: Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology,
University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN2 2LG, UK
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Present address: Section of Agricultural Plant Biology,
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, California 95616,
USA
| | - Edgar P Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Author for communication: ,
Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA,
UK
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5
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Ferguson JN, Fernandes SB, Monier B, Miller ND, Allen D, Dmitrieva A, Schmuker P, Lozano R, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Gore MA, Brown PJ, Spalding EP, Leakey ADB. Machine learning-enabled phenotyping for GWAS and TWAS of WUE traits in 869 field-grown sorghum accessions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1481-1500. [PMID: 34618065 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a model C4 crop made experimentally tractable by extensive genomic and genetic resources. Biomass sorghum is studied as a feedstock for biofuel and forage. Mechanistic modeling suggests that reducing stomatal conductance (gs) could improve sorghum intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and biomass production. Phenotyping to discover genotype-to-phenotype associations remains a bottleneck in understanding the mechanistic basis for natural variation in gs and iWUE. This study addressed multiple methodological limitations. Optical tomography and a machine learning tool were combined to measure stomatal density (SD). This was combined with rapid measurements of leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and specific leaf area (SLA). These traits were the subject of genome-wide association study and transcriptome-wide association study across 869 field-grown biomass sorghum accessions. The ratio of intracellular to ambient CO2 was genetically correlated with SD, SLA, gs, and biomass production. Plasticity in SD and SLA was interrelated with each other and with productivity across wet and dry growing seasons. Moderate-to-high heritability of traits studied across the large mapping population validated associations between DNA sequence variation or RNA transcript abundance and trait variation. A total of 394 unique genes underpinning variation in WUE-related traits are described with higher confidence because they were identified in multiple independent tests. This list was enriched in genes whose Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) putative orthologs have functions related to stomatal or leaf development and leaf gas exchange, as well as genes with nonsynonymous/missense variants. These advances in methodology and knowledge will facilitate improving C4 crop WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Samuel B Fernandes
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Brandon Monier
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nathan D Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dylan Allen
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Anna Dmitrieva
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Peter Schmuker
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Roberto Lozano
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ravi Valluru
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Edgar P Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
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6
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Inhibition of Arabidopsis stomatal development by plastoquinone oxidation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5622-5632.e7. [PMID: 34727522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are the pores in the epidermal surface of plant leaves that regulate the exchange of water and CO2 with the environment thus controlling leaf gas exchange.1 In the model dicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH) and MUTE sequentially control formative divisions in the stomatal lineage by forming heterodimers with ICE1.2 SPCH regulates entry into the stomatal lineage and its stability or activity is regulated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, mediated by its interaction with ICE1.3-6 This MAPK pathway is regulated by extracellular epidermal patterning factor (EPFs) peptides, which bind a transmembrane receptor complex to inhibit (EPF1 and EPF2) or promote (STOMAGEN/EPFL9) stomatal development.7-9 MUTE controls the transition to guard mother cell identity and is regulated by the HD-ZIP transcription factor HDG2, which is expressed exclusively in stomatal lineage cells.10,11 Light signals acting through phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptors positively regulate stomatal development in response to increased irradiance.12,13 Here we report that stomatal development is also regulated by the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC). Oxidation of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool inhibits stomatal development by negatively regulating SPCH and MUTE expression. This mechanism is dependent on MPK6 and forms part of the response to lowering irradiance, which is distinct to the photoreceptor dependent response to increasing irradiance. Our results show that environmental signals can act through the PETC, demonstrating that photosynthetic signals regulate the development of the pores through which CO2 enters the leaf.
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7
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Bursch K, Niemann ET, Nelson DC, Johansson H. Karrikins control seedling photomorphogenesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis through a HY5-BBX transcriptional module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1346-1362. [PMID: 34160854 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The butenolide molecule, karrikin (KAR), emerging in smoke of burned plant material, enhances light responses such as germination, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. The KAR signaling pathway consists of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2), which, upon activation, act in an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to target the downstream signaling components SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE 2 (SMXL2) for degradation. How degradation of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is translated into growth responses remains unknown. Although light clearly influences the activity of KAR, the molecular connection between the two pathways is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the KAR signaling pathway promotes the activity of a transcriptional module consisting of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 20 (BBX20), and BBX21. The bbx20 bbx21 mutant is largely insensitive to treatment with KAR2 , similar to a hy5 mutant, with regards to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and anthocyanin accumulation. Detailed analysis of higher order mutants in combination with RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that anthocyanin accumulation downstream of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is fully dependent on the HY5-BBX module. However, the promotion of hypocotyl elongation by SMAX1 and SMXL2 is, in contrast to KAR2 treatment, only partially dependent on BBX20, BBX21, and HY5. Taken together, these results suggest that light- and KAR-dependent signaling intersect at the HY5-BBX transcriptional module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bursch
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ella T Niemann
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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8
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Chowdhury MR, Ahamed MS, Mas-ud MA, Islam H, Fatamatuzzohora M, Hossain MF, Billah M, Hossain MS, Matin MN. Stomatal development and genetic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07889. [PMID: 34485750 PMCID: PMC8408637 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata are turgor-driven microscopic epidermal valves of land plants. The controlled opening and closing of the valves are essential for regulating the gas exchange and minimizing the water loss and eventually regulating the internal temperatures. Stomata are also a major site of pathogen/microbe entry and plant defense system. Maintaining proper stomatal density, distribution, and development are pivotal for plant survival. Arabidopsis is a model plant to study molecular basis including signaling pathways, transcription factors, and key components for the growth and development of specific organs as well as the whole plant. It has intensively been studied and found out the driver for the development and patterning of stomata. In this review, we have explained how the MAPK signaling cascade is controlled by TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) receptor-like protein and the Erecta (ER) receptor-like kinase family. We have also summarized how this MAPK cascade affects primary transcriptional regulators to finally activate the main three basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) principal transcription factors, which are required for the development and patterning of stomata. Moreover, regulatory activity and cellular connections of polar proteins and environmentally mediated ligand-receptor interactions in the stomatal developmental pathways have extensively been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rayhan Chowdhury
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Ahamed
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atik Mas-ud
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hiya Islam
- Biotechnology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Fatamatuzzohora
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Firose Hossain
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mutasim Billah
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Matin
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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9
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Light regulates stomatal development by modulating paracrine signaling from inner tissues. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3403. [PMID: 34099707 PMCID: PMC8184810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental outcomes are shaped by the interplay between intrinsic and external factors. The production of stomata—essential pores for gas exchange in plants—is extremely plastic and offers an excellent system to study this interplay at the cell lineage level. For plants, light is a key external cue, and it promotes stomatal development and the accumulation of the master stomatal regulator SPEECHLESS (SPCH). However, how light signals are relayed to influence SPCH remains unknown. Here, we show that the light-regulated transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a critical regulator for photomorphogenic growth, is present in inner mesophyll cells and directly binds and activates STOMAGEN. STOMAGEN, the mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, in turn stabilizes SPCH in the epidermis, leading to enhanced stomatal production. Our work identifies a molecular link between light signaling and stomatal development that spans two tissue layers and highlights how an environmental signaling factor may coordinate growth across tissue types. Light promotes stomatal development in plants. Here Wang et al. show that light stimulates stomatal development via the HY5 transcription factor which induces expression of STOMAGEN, a mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, that in turn leads to stabilization of a master regulator of stomatal development in the epidermis.
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10
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Qin X, Zhao X, Huang S, Deng J, Li X, Luo Z, Zhang Y. Pest management via endophytic colonization of tobacco seedlings by the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2007-2018. [PMID: 33342046 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that entomopathogenic fungi can be introduced into plants as endophytes potentially leading to insect control. Here, we sought to identify specific strains of the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana that would form endophytic associations with tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) benefitting host plant growth and/or resistance against insect pests and pathogens. RESULTS Tobacco seeds were inoculated with six different B. bassiana strains and entophytic colonization, plant growth, and resistance to pathogens and insect pests were evaluated over a 50 day-period. Although all the strains could colonize seedlings, 90% seedling colonization was seen for four strains. Fungal cells could be detected in stems more readily than in leaf and root tissues. Colonization by B. bassiana boosted plant growth with an increased photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal and trichome density seen in fungal treated plants. Tobacco seedlings colonized by specific B. bassiana strains displayed significantly increased tolerance/resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens. B. bassiana-colonized seedlings also displayed higher resistance to aphids (Myzus persicae) as compared to untreated controls. Colonization by B. bassiana was shown to trigger both of the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate acid (JA) defense pathways, but SA pathway was upregulated much more than JA pathway for some of the tested strains. CONCLUSION Specific strains of B. bassiana can be introduced into host plants as endophytes, resulting in promotion of host plant growth, increased resistance to microbial pathogens, and/or increased resistance to insect pests. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qin
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Deng
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Han SK, Kwak JM, Qi X. Stomatal Lineage Control by Developmental Program and Environmental Cues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:751852. [PMID: 34707632 PMCID: PMC8542704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are micropores that allow plants to breathe and play a critical role in photosynthesis and nutrient uptake by regulating gas exchange and transpiration. Stomatal development, therefore, is optimized for survival and growth of the plant despite variable environmental conditions. Signaling cascades and transcriptional networks that determine the birth, proliferation, and differentiation of a stomate have been identified. These networks ensure proper stomatal patterning, density, and polarity. Environmental cues also influence stomatal development. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the developmental program governing cell fate and dynamics of stomatal lineage cells at the cell state- or single-cell level. We also overview the control of stomatal development by environmental cues as well as developmental plasticity associated with stomatal function and physiology. Recent advances in our understanding of stomatal development will provide a route to improving photosynthesis and water-stress resilience of crop plants in the climate change we currently face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Han
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Soon-Ki Han,
| | - June M. Kwak
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Xingyun Qi
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
- Xingyun Qi,
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