Lukomets VM, Trunovа MV, Demurin YN. Modern trends in breeding and genetic improvement of sunflower varieties and hybrids at VNIIMK.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022;
25:388-393. [PMID:
35088009 PMCID:
PMC8765768 DOI:
10.18699/vj21.042]
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Abstract
Modern sunflower breeding is significantly diversified due to the different needs of agricultural production. The breeding of sunflower varieties and hybrids is carried out at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of
Oil Crops (VNIIMK) in all areas in demand on the market and is based on fundamental biological research. In the field
of breeding for faster maturing, the following commercial cultivars were obtained: very early maturing, cv. Skormas
and the three-way hybrid Achilles, early maturing cvs. Varyag and Uspekh, medium maturing cvs. Amelie, Aris and
Aurus. Within the framework of breeding for immunity, eight hybrids and one variety have been produced. So at
the Don experimental station (Rostov region), productive hybrids were bred, resistant to the virulent broomrape of
the G race due to the presence of the Or7 gene: ‘Gorstar’, ‘Gorfild’, ‘Grant’, ‘Status’, ‘Fogor’ and the three-way hybrid
Nika. On the central experimental base, the following were obtained: the mid-early hybrid Typhoon and the earlymaturing variety Platonych with resistance to common races of downy mildew and a high oil content of achenes
(up to 53 %) as well as the mid-early hybrid Tayzar, which is simultaneously resistant to virulent races of broomrape
and to the causative agent of downy mildew. The early maturing large-fruited sunflower variety Belochka was included in the “Russian State Register of Selection Achievements…”, and the large-fruited varieties Karavan, Konditer
and Kalibr are currently undergoing state tests. The breeding use of germplasm with genes for herbicide resistance
was accompanied by their extensive genetic study. A practical recommendation for all three alleles of the ALS gene
(Imr, CLHA-Plus, Sur) was the need to create homozygous hybrids for their reliable use in appropriate production
systems. For Clearfield technology, the hybrids Imidzh, Arimi and Immi have been developed; for Clearfield Plus,
the hybrid Klip; and for Express Sun (or SUMO), the hybrid Surus. Klip and Surus are mid-oleic. All newly developed
fertile ornamental sunflower varieties – Aurelia, Fizalia, Zhemchuzhny, Rumyanets, Agat and Mazhor – were transferred for practical use to a sterile CMS RIG basis. Thus, new achievements have been attained across the entire
spectrum of modern trends in sunflower breeding.
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