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Bi Z, Cai Y, Chen J, Shi X, Liao S, Jin L, Liu J. Genetically predicted effects of 10 sleep phenotypes on revision of knee arthroplasty: a mendelian randomization study. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:563. [PMID: 39267063 PMCID: PMC11391806 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-05031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has suggested that sleep disturbances and disorders are common in patients who undergo knee arthroplasty. Revision surgery represents one of the most catastrophic outcomes of knee arthroplasty. However, it remains unclear whether sleep traits are the causes or consequences of knee arthroplasty revision. This study aimed to genetically examine the relationships between sleep traits and knee arthroplasty revision. METHODS To determine the causal relationship between sleep traits and knee arthroplasty revision, we employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from the largest publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The MR design uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to help separate causal relationships from non-causal associations. The main analyses included an inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis to obtain primary effect estimates. Sensitivity analyses involving the weighted median approach and MR-Egger regression were also conducted to check for potential pleiotropic biases. Numerous complementary sensitivity analyses were also performed to identify statistically significant causal correlations when there were horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity across variants. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation. RESULTS In the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, the IVW method revealed that genetically-predicted short sleep duration short sleep duration (average sleep duration of 24 h is 6 h or less) was positively correlated with the risk of knee arthroplasty revision (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.05, and P = 0.003), while the association between genetically-predicted long sleep duration and knee arthroplasty was negative. The reverse MR analysis did not yield evidence supporting reverse causality relation between knee arthroplasty revision and sleep phenotypes. CONCLUSION This research indicated that, of the 10 sleep phenotypes we analyzed, only sleep duration was causally associated with knee arthroplasty revision. These discoveries added to the understanding of the role of sleep traits in the etiology of knee arthroplasty revision, which might further expand our insights into the prevention of knee arthroplasty revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Bi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yimeng Cai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jintian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
- Lithotriptic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Al-Hendawi M, Alodat A, Al-Zoubi S, Bulut S. A PERMA model approach to well-being: a psychometric properties study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:414. [PMID: 39080800 PMCID: PMC11290191 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological well-being influences all the facets of adolescent success. This study examined the psychometric properties of PERMA, a subjective well-being measure consisting of five domains: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. The sample size consisted of 502 high school students from public schools in Qatar. Contrary to expectations, the five-factor structure for PERMA did not fit our data well; however, after refining the model by the errors of the covariances between items, the one-factor model was found to be applicable. Multivariate analysis revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and level of academic performance were independently and positively associated with overall well-being scores, whereas internalizing and externalizing behaviors were negatively associated. Notably, no significant effects of gender or age on well-being were observed. These findings suggest that interventions specific to socioeconomic status, academic excellence, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the school setting can produce more effective outcomes concerning student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Hendawi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Qatar University, P.O.Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Fernandes I, Zanini DS, Peixoto EM. PERMA-Profiler for adolescents: validity evidence based on internal structure and related constructs. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1415084. [PMID: 39070577 PMCID: PMC11273287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1415084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The PERMA model of well-being has gained prominence in the study of well-being by the Positive Psychology movement. However, the model has been little studied regarding its applicability in different populations, such as adolescents. This study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler instrument for Brazilian adolescents, as well as the measurement invariance for different age groups and gender, and investigate the relation with external variables. Methods Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to test the internal structure and invariance of the PERMA-Profiler. Reliability was determined with McDonald's Omega and composite reliability. A total of 1,197 adolescents between 11 and 19 years old from different regions of Brazil participated. Results The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the five correlated factors model was the most appropriate, presenting good factor loadings and adequate reliability. The scale proved to be invariant for adolescents of different age groups and gender. Correlations with associated variables were significant and moderate to strong, showing positive relations between positive emotions and well-being, and negative relations with negative affects and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Discussion These results contribute to the understanding of well-being in adolescence and highlight the importance of promoting different components of well-being for adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iorhana Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Nie YZ, Zhang X, Hong NW, Zhou C, Huang QQ, Cao SY, Wang C. Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler for well-being in Chinese adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104248. [PMID: 38598923 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Well-being is one of the central topics in psychology, and research on this topic has shifted from emotional experiences to flourishing life in recent years. Seligman's PERMA model is a prominent theory in this shift. However, this model is proposed in Western culture and has yet to be empirically validated in the Chinese context. The present research aims to examine the applicability of the five-dimension PERMA-Profiler in Chinese culture, which has been developed based on the PERMA model. A sample of 1468 Chinese adults participated in the research. After translation and validation, a series of psychometric analyses were conducted to examine the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and factorial invariance across genders. The PERMA-Profiler Chinese showed high Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α = 0.79-0.88), good divergent (r = -0.19 to -0.38) and convergent validity (r = 0.53-0.85), as well as satisfactory structural validity. Results of the structural validity demonstrated a better fit to the first-order model with five correlated factors after modification (χ2/df = 4.65, RMSEA = 0.058, SRMR = 0.030, CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.924) than the second-order model with a higher-order factor of well-being. However, the engagement dimension of the PERMA-Profiler Chinese could be improved further. In conclusion, the PERMA model is applicable to the Chinese culture, and the PERMA-Profiler provides a valid measure of well-being for Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zi Nie
- Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ning-Wei Hong
- Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Faculty of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qian-Qian Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shu-Yan Cao
- Zhangzhuang Central Kindergarden, Linyi 276309, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
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Rule A, Abbey C, Wang H, Rozelle S, Singh MK. Measurement of flourishing: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1293943. [PMID: 38362251 PMCID: PMC10867253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Flourishing is an evolving wellbeing construct and outcome of interest across the social and biological sciences. Despite some conceptual advancements, there remains limited consensus on how to measure flourishing, as well as how to distinguish it from closely related wellbeing constructs, such as thriving and life satisfaction. This paper aims to provide an overview and comparison of the diverse scales that have been developed to measure flourishing among adolescent and adult populations to provide recommendations for future studies seeking to use flourishing as an outcome in social and biological research. Methods In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we conducted a scoping review across PubMed and EMBASE of studies introducing original flourishing scales (defined as a previously unpublished measure of mental health or wellbeing that used "flourishing" in its definition). Studies focusing on adult populations that were published before April 28, 2023 were considered eligible for inclusion. Results Out of 781 studies retrieved, we identified seven eligible studies covering seven unique flourishing scales. We find that all seven scales are multidimensional and assess features over monthly or yearly intervals. While most of the scales (six out of seven) include indicators of both hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, the operationalization of these dimensions of wellbeing varies considerably between scales. Several of the scales have been translated and validated across multiple geographical contexts, including higher- and lower-income countries. Discussion Complementing self-report measures with other social, economic, regional, and biological indicators of flourishing may be useful to provide holistic and widely applicable measures of wellbeing. This review contributes to concept validation efforts that can guide strategies to sustain flourishing societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rule
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Grosvenor LP, Errichetti CL, Holingue C, Beasley JB, Kalb LG. Self-Report Measurement of Well-Being in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Properties of the PERMA Profiler. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2023; 5:401-410. [PMID: 38116049 PMCID: PMC10726181 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies of positive psychology and emotional well-being have broadened our understanding of mental health. However, mental health research involving autistic adults has been largely deficit-focused. Few studies have examined well-being using established positive psychological frameworks. Methods This study examined the psychometric characteristics of the PERMA Profiler, a 23-item questionnaire that measures well-being across five subscales (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment), in a sample of 517 autistic adults ages 18-84 years (M = 39.5, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3). Reliability (internal consistency), structural validity (via confirmatory factor analysis including bifactor modeling), and concurrent validity were examined. Results The PERMA Profiler mean (SD) well-being score was 5.4 (SD = 1.7), which is notably lower than the mean of 7.0 previously found in nonautistic samples. Subscale scores were highest for Engagement (M = 6.8; SD = 1.9), followed by Accomplishment (M = 5.6; SD = 2.2), Relationships (M = 5.2; SD = 2.6), Meaning (M = 5.2; SD = 2.7), and Positive emotion (M = 5.0; SD = 2.4). Factor analyses revealed strong psychometrics (Cronbach's α = 0.93; Comparative Fit Index = 0.94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97; root mean square error of approximation = 0.08; standardized root mean residual = 0.05) and superior fit of the bifactor model, supporting a general factor for conceptualizing well-being as opposed to a five-factor model. PERMA well-being and subscale scores were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with mental health conditions and life satisfaction. Conclusion These findings support use of an adapted version of the PERMA Profiler in mental health research to evaluate well-being among autistic adults. Similar to studies with nonautistic populations, the Engagement measure may not capture the experiences of the autistic population and further refinement is needed. Follow-up research should represent a more diverse autistic population, collaborate with autistic coinvestigators, and explore potential correlates of well-being (such as social stigma) while using the PERMA Profiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke P. Grosvenor
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Errichetti
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joan B. Beasley
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire College of Health and Human Services, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Luther G. Kalb
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire College of Health and Human Services, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Ibrahim NF, Mohamad Sharif S, Saleh H, Mat Hasan NH, Jayiddin NF. PERMA well-being and innovative work behaviour : A systematic literature review. F1000Res 2023; 12:1338. [PMID: 38152588 PMCID: PMC10751881 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.141629.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this research is to examine at how the literature measures the relationship between PERMA (positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishments) well-being and innovative work behaviour (IWB). Methods: This systematic literature review examines peer-reviewed English research papers published in 2012 that investigate the relationship between PERMA well-being and IWB. A total of 37 publications were discovered in 32 journals. Results: A total of 220 articles were initially retrieved from the database. 37 studies out of 220 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were thoroughly examined. Our findings present a comprehensive overview of the types of PERMA well-being related to IWB in different countries and industries. Literature-based research approaches are also discussed. Research methods from the previous literature are also discussed. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to conduct a systematic literature review (PRISMA) method on the relationship between PERMA well-being and IWB. This review suggests constructive future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Saleh
- Technical University of Malaysia Malacca, Durian Tunggal, Malacca, Malaysia
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Heshmati S, Kibrislioglu Uysal N, Kim SH, Oravecz Z, Donaldson SI. Momentary PERMA: An Adapted Measurement Tool for Studying Well-Being in Daily Life. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2023; 24:2441-2472. [PMID: 38130904 PMCID: PMC10730635 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-023-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PERMA is a multidimensional framework that explains well-being through five hedonic and eudaimonic psychological elements-Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment. Soon after the PERMA framework was proposed, PERMA-Profiler was introduced as a validated assessment tool for measuring these five elements of well-being from a global perspective. The current study aimed to shed further light onto the measurement of PERMA elements, extending it beyond global evaluations, to daily life assessments and the examination of individual differences in their dynamic characteristics. We introduce mPERMA (momentary PERMA), as an EMA-adapted version of the PERMA-Profiler measure, to assess well-being in daily life. Using data collected in an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study (N = 160), we first demonstrate the factor structure of mPERMA through a multilevel factor analysis and next examine within-person means and the dynamics of change (e.g., intra-individual variability) in the PERMA elements. Findings revealed that mPERMA displays convergent validity with two global measures of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, namely Flourishing and Subjective Well-Being. Moreover, dynamical characteristics of the five elements of well-being measured over time, map onto their corresponding hedonic or eudaimonic global measures of well-being. Results of this paper present how dynamical features of well-being in daily life provide novel insights into predicting global well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-023-00684-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Heshmati
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA USA
| | | | - Sharon H. Kim
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Zita Oravecz
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Brito AD, Soares AB. Well-being, character strengths, and depression in emerging adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1238105. [PMID: 37809290 PMCID: PMC10552671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1238105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging adulthood is a period of transition between adolescence and adulthood, during which individuals explore different roles and possibilities. This period is often characterized by high levels of stress and uncertainty, which can increase the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, character strengths and depression, as well as to verify the differences in the levels of these elements among different groups of depressive symptomatology. Methods Participants were 1,060 individuals (741 females, 305 males) between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 22.3, SD = 3.72). Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and Kruskal- Wallis with pairwise post-hoc analyses were used to analyze the data. Results There were significant positive correlations between emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, and character strengths, and negative correlations between these variables and depression. There were also significant differences in the means of the evaluated constructs among the symptomm groups. Discussion The findings suggest that emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, and character strengths are all associated with depression in emerging adults and have important implications for the provision of interventions in health and education for emerging adults. The study provides a deeper understanding of the factors influencing depression during emerging adulthood and emphasize the importance of promoting positive psychology elements and developing personalized interventions for emerging adults. This also suggest that public policies related to mental health and education should take into account the unique needs of emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Diego Brito
- Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana B. Soares
- Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dimitriou L, Chiu M, Carson J. Flourishing, psychological distress and internalized stigma among parents of an adult son or daughter with schizophrenia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1481-1489. [PMID: 37095719 PMCID: PMC10523824 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231166630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, have been reported to have higher levels of psychological distress than the general population, and parents whose offspring have other mental or physical illnesses. AIM This study examines the comparatively new construct of flourishing, and its relationship to internalized stigma and psychological distress. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July 2021 and March 2022, with an international sample of 200 parents of adult sons or daughters diagnosed with schizophrenia. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and three standardized inventories. These were the PERMA Profiler, which measures flourishing, the CORE-10, which measures psychological distress, and a new parental Internalized Stigma Scale. Sample characteristics of individuals of schizophrenia and their parents were examined using descriptive statistics, and the contributing factors affecting stigma were assessed through regression analysis. RESULTS The initial hypothesis that parents scoring high on internalized stigma, would have significantly higher levels of psychological distress and lower levels of flourishing, than parents with low-level internalized stigma, was confirmed. Overall, the flourishing levels were lower and psychological distress higher in these parents, than those of the general population. Regression analysis identified psychological distress and hopefulness as the two major predictors of flourishing, though in different directions. Interestingly, stigma did not determine flourishing, in spite of their close relationship. CONCLUSIONS Researchers have long been aware of internalized stigma in persons with schizophrenia. Yet this study is one of the few that linked it with parents of adults with schizophrenia and flourishing and psychological distress. Implications were discussed in the light of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Chiu
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - Jerome Carson
- School of Psychology, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
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Vilca LW, Aquino-Hidalgo JM, Esteban-Brañes J, Caycho-Rodríguez T. Development and psychometric study of the scale of the positive relationship PRIM + 19 in peruvian university students. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:56. [PMID: 36864507 PMCID: PMC9979888 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive relationships are one of the most important components within the PERMA model since they facilitate the development of the other components. However, in the scientific literature, few instruments have been identified with solid psychometric properties that measure positive relationships in university students and adequately represent the construct. Therefore, the study aims to develop and study the psychometric properties of the PRI + 19 positive relationships scale through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, factorial invariance, and relationship-based validity with other variables. METHOD A pilot sample of 201 university students (43.8% men and 56.2 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 (M = 20.9; SD = 2.74) was collected. The confirmatory sample consisted of 450 university students of both sexes (30.2% men and 69.8 women) between the ages of 18 and 35 years (M = 21.9; SD = 3.15). Along with the PRI + scale, other instruments were applied to measure satisfaction with life and psychological well-being. RESULTS In the pilot study, the Exploratory Factor Analysis showed the presence of three factors that could explain 54.5% of the items. In the confirmatory study, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the model of three dimensions related to 19 items presents the best adjustment indexes compared to other models (χ2 = 541.61; df = 149; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.077 [IC90% 0.070 ‒ 0.084]). The scale also showed evidence of being strictly invariant for the groups of men and women. Finally, it was shown that the development of the positive bonds dimension positively predicts psychological well-being (0.35) and life satisfaction (0.20). The positive relationship management dimension positively predicts psychological well-being (0.28) and life satisfaction (0.29). Similarly, the integration dimension positively predicts psychological well-being (0.48) and life satisfaction (0.52). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the PRIM + 19 scale is a useful tool from which valid and reliable interpretations of positive relationships in Peruvian university students can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú.
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Exploring the Well-Being of Slovenian and Serbian Sport Science Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic of Summer 2022. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020040. [PMID: 36828325 PMCID: PMC9964674 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly changed everyday life of social actors, which inferred mental health and well-being concerns. As students of health-related studies tend to adapt better to difficult circumstances, in this study, we explored the effect of the pandemic on sports science students' well-being during the summer of 2022. The research was conducted in Slovenia and Serbia. The sample comprised n = 350 students. The PERMA-Profiler, a 15-item self-reported questionnaire, was adapted to assess well-being across five elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Data were collected with a questionnaire through the summer of 2022 (from May to July) and analyzed in SPSS, AMOS 26.0. The results revealed normal functioning (M = 7.72, SD ± 1.38) for the overall well-being of the students. Although all dimensions indicated high scores, relationships (M = 7.95, SD ± 1.63), meaning (M = 7.76, SD ± 1.69), and engagement (M = 7.73, SD ± 1.36) rated the highest. Furthermore, the instrument was acceptable, as the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate reliability based on Cronbach's alpha (15 items, α = 0.94) and strong internal correlations between the PERMA dimensions. This study contributes to the previously published research, emphasizing the positive responses and successful coping of sports science students in times of complex situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mahamid F, Veronese G, Bdier D. The factorial structure and psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler Arabic version to measure well-being within a Palestinian adult population. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The PERMA-Profiler is an international methods designed to test the general wellbeing of adults in terms of 5 pillars: positive and negative emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment .In our study, we tested the psychometric properties and the factorial structure of PERMA-Profiler within the Palestinian context using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The sample of the current study consisted of 582 Palestinian adults recruited from online advertisements, e-mail campaigns and social media.
Results
The PERMA-Profiler showed good validity and reliability indicators in assessing general wellbeing among Palestinians, the CFA results revealed a stable five-factor construct of the PERMA-Profiler.
Conclusions
More future studies validating the PERMA-Profiler with diverse groups in the Palestinian context are recommendable, which will enable mental health providers to develop clinical interventions targeting individuals who suffer from mental distress and low levels of well-being.
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Murrin E, Taylor N, Peralta L, Dudley D, Cotton W, White RL. Does physical activity mediate the associations between blue space and mental health? A cross-sectional study in Australia. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 36717841 PMCID: PMC9885582 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has begun to examine whether blue space is beneficial to mental health. While results are promising, it is difficult to know which aspects of mental health or mental ill-health may benefit most. Physical activity has been proposed as one potential mechanism via which blue space may be associated with better mental health. However, very few studies have examined mechanisms. We examined associations between blue space proximity and a range of mental health outcomes and examined which of these associations were mediated by physical activity. METHODS 350 participants (M = 38.74, SD = 14.92, 70% female) self-reported their weekly physical activity and completed measures of depression, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing. We then used GIS software to calculate blue space proximity (i.e., coastal and inland), and structural equation modelling with mediation paths to determine the role of physical activity in the associations between bluespace and mental health. RESULTS Physical activity partially mediated the associations between coastal proximity and depression (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.06), and wellbeing (β = - 0.03, 95% CI = - 0.08, - 0.01), and fully mediated the associations between inland water proximity and depression (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.07), and wellbeing (β = - 0.03, 95% CI = - 0.07, - 0.01). CONCLUSION While physical activity appears to explain associations between inland blue space and mental health outcomes, it only partially explains the association between coastal blue space and mental health, suggesting other mechanisms may play a role and even inactive exposure may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Murrin
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, 2751 Penrith, NSW Australia
| | - Nicole Taylor
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, 2751 Penrith, NSW Australia
| | - Louisa Peralta
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Dean Dudley
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 2109 Macquarie Park, NSW Australia
| | - Wayne Cotton
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Rhiannon Lee White
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, 2751, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Waigel NC, Lemos VN. Psychometric Properties of PERMA Profiler Scale in Argentinian Adolescents. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2023; 16:103-113. [PMID: 37547868 PMCID: PMC10402642 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To adapt and validate the PERMA Profiler Scale (Butler & Kern, 2016) for Argentinian adolescents. Method The items were reviewed by 6 expert judges and 21 adolescents. The sample consisted of 421 adolescents (M = 14.9; SD = 1.75). The content validity and the discrimination capacity of the items were assessed. Afterwards, the structure of the scale was analyzed, as well as the internal consistency and the concurrent validity. Results All the items obtained an Aiken's V between .8 and 1 and were discriminatory. The factor analysis confirmed the five-dimension structure (CFI = .94, T LI = .92; RMSEA = .08, SRMR = .04). An Alpha of .92 was obtained for the full scale and satisfactory levels were obtained for the subscales. The correlations for concurrent validity were significant and in line with what was theoretically expected. Conclusion This adaptation enables the assessment of flourishing in a practical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Waigel
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata (UAP), Argentina.Universidad Adventista del PlataUniversidad Adventista del PlataArgentina
| | - Viviana N. Lemos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata (UAP), Argentina.Universidad Adventista del PlataUniversidad Adventista del PlataArgentina
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16
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Zhao MY, Tay L. From ill-being to well-being: Bipolar or bivariate? THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2022.2109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Yue Zhao
- Teaching and Learning Evaluation and Measurement Unit, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis Tay
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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17
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Prasath PR, Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Jeon L. Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022; 44:529-549. [PMID: 35730062 PMCID: PMC9199344 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
International students continue to experience myriad of challenges, some of which further transpired disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic era. To this effect, this study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap), psychological distress, and well-being among 188 international students attending U.S universities. Results using Hayes PROCESS indicated that well-being mediated the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress and in particular moderated the relationship between PsyCap and depression. When higher education institutions are considering steps to mitigate psychological distress experienced by international students during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, based on the findings of our study, we suggest investing efforts and resources into two aspects: (a) promotion of positive mental health and well-being and (b) identification and development of positive psychological capital. We further discuss these results and implications for mental health promotion of international students in light of its limitations and recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Rose Prasath
- Department of Counseling, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA
| | - Yiying Xiong
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Qiyang Zhang
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lieny Jeon
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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18
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Benzo MV, Novotny P, Benzo RP. Adding Granularity of COPD Self-Management to Impact Quality of Life. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2022; 9:277-284. [PMID: 35259291 PMCID: PMC9166338 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-management abilities are a recognized ingredient for living well with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), improving all outcomes. Fostering self-management requires a personalized program and patient engagement to make lifestyle decisions. While some self-management practices are proven effective, like the prompt use of a plan for COPD exacerbations, there is a guideline-recognized gap on specific self-management behaviors that can impact particular COPD symptoms and allow for tailored self-management programs. We aimed to investigate the association of well-defined self-management behaviors with the most common COPD symptoms in a large cohort of patients with COPD. METHODS We analyzed baseline data of stable COPD patients who participated in 3 National Institutes of Health-funded studies. Symptoms were defined by the 4 domains of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire: dyspnea-fatigue-emotions-mastery. The self-management behaviors were the individual items of the Self-Management Ability Scale-30. Lasso regression models were built to explore the association of behaviors with symptoms, adjusting for lung function and age. RESULTS We analyzed 512 stable COPD patients, 54% female, age mean (standard deviation [SD]) 69.6 (9.9) years and forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted (FEV1%) 42.2 (19.0).Dyspnea was associated with exercising and self-efficacy for self-care. Emotion was associated with good relationships, self-efficacy for self-care, positivity, and participating in agreeable activities. Fatigue was associated with self-efficacy for self-care, doing exercise, and participating in agreeable activities. Mastery was associated with self-efficacy for self-care, positivity, exercising, and participating in agreeable activities. DISCUSSION Our findings provide specific self-management behaviors associated with common COPD symptoms that may inform self-management programs. Positive thinking represents a novel self-management approach to COPD emotions and mastery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Benzo
- Mindful Breathing Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Paul Novotny
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Roberto P Benzo
- Mindful Breathing Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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19
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Happiness at Work among Public Relations Practitioners in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073987. [PMID: 35409668 PMCID: PMC8997484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Happiness at work is a consolidated topic. Perhaps the PR and communication sector, often at the forefront of organizational change, is one of the industries where most progress has been made in this regard. The objective of the present study was to carry out an exploratory analysis on the extent to which PR is a profession that enables the development of happiness in the workplace. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of PR professionals in Spain (N = 256). The questionnaire consisted of the PERMA-profiler, a model where work relationships, engagement, positive affections/emotions, vital sense/purpose and achievements are measured. The results show a remarkable level of happiness among surveyed professionals, especially among women, who obtained higher scores on all five factors, although with a statistically significant difference only in two of the five factors in PERMA (Engagement and Relationships). Neither age nor the hierarchical level of the respondent had any incidence. Therefore, PR can be a profession that notably enables human flourishing at work, even more so among women.
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20
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Ryff CD. Positive Psychology: Looking Back and Looking Forward. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840062. [PMID: 35369156 PMCID: PMC8967995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Envisioning the future of positive psychology (PP) requires looking at its past. To that end, I first review prior critiques of PP to underscore that certain early problems have persisted over time. I then selectively examine recent research to illustrate progress in certain areas as well as draw attention to recurrent problems. Key among them is promulgation of poorly constructed measures of well-being and reliance on homogeneous, privileged research samples. Another concern is the commercialization of PP, which points to the need for greater oversight and quality control in profit-seeking endeavors. Looking ahead, I advocate for future science tied to contemporary challenges, particularly ever-widening inequality and the pandemic. These constitute intersecting catastrophes that need scientific attention. Such problems bring into focus "neglected negatives" that may be fueling current difficulties, including greed, indifference, and stupidity. Anger, which defies easy characterization as positive or negative, also warrants greater scientific study. Going forward I advocate for greater study of domains that likely nurture good lives and just societies - namely, participation in the arts and encounters with nature, both currently under study. Overall, my entreaty to PP is to reckon with persistent problems from its past, while striving toward a future that is societally relevant and virtuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D. Ryff
- Department of Psychology, Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Lathabhavan R, Sudevan S. The Impacts of Psychological Distress on Life Satisfaction and Wellbeing of the Indian General Population During the First and Second Waves of COVID-19: A Comparative Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-12. [PMID: 35069046 PMCID: PMC8761090 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to understand the impact of psychological distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on life satisfaction and wellbeing, in the Indian context. The study also analyses the differences in these effects between the first and second waves of the pandemic. For this purpose, a survey was conducted during the two waves of the pandemic. Eight hundred eighty-four and 925 respondents participated in the first and second waves, respectively. The study showed that depression, anxiety, and stress negatively related to life satisfaction and wellbeing during both waves. The study also showed that the effects were stronger during the second wave compared to the first. Life satisfaction and wellbeing of women were found to be affected to a higher level than those of men, due to psychological distress. The study showed that a combined approach involving coping mechanisms and health care can help manage the psychological issues that arise with crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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22
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Maurer MM, Daukantaitė D, Hoff E. Testing the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259191. [PMID: 34714851 PMCID: PMC8555806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-being measures five positive indicators of the well-being of adolescents: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness. This five-factor structure along with other indicators of validity and reliability were supported for the original English version and the Chinese version. In this study, we tested the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the EPOCH with a sample (n = 846) of Swedish high school adolescents aged 16-21 years (Mage = 18, SD = .85). The participants answered a questionnaire containing the EPOCH, Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A confirmatory factor analysis supported a the five-factor, inter-correlated model. The internal consistency was good for all the EPOCH subscales (Cronbach's α = .76-.88, McDonald's ω = .77 -.88). The criterion validity was established by replicating correlations between the five EPOCH subscales and positive (coping self-efficacy) and negative (DASS-21) aspects of well-being. This study shows that the Swedish version of the EPOCH is suitable for assessing multiple dimensions of adolescent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M. Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hoff
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Auliah A, Thien LM, Kho SH, Abd Razak N, Jamil H, Ahmad MZ. Exploring Positive School Attributes: Evidence From School Leader and Teacher Perspectives. SAGE OPEN 2021; 11:215824402110615. [DOI: 10.1177/21582440211061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which school stakeholders perceive positive school attributes remains unclear in the literature. This study seeks to provide an understanding of positive school attributes from the school leaders and teachers’ perspectives in the Malaysian school context. This study employed a qualitative case study research design with 14 informants selected from seven Malaysian secondary schools. The thematic analysis informed six emerging themes: (1) stimulating positive emotion, (2) promoting positive engagement, (3) fostering positive relationships, (4) cultivating positive meaning, (5) nurturing positive accomplishment, and (6) cultivating spirituality in expressing positive school attributes. Fostering positive relationships were specified as (1) teacher-teacher relationship, (2) teacher-student relationship, and (3) student-student relationship. Cultivating spirituality is a newly emerged theme that is added to the unique positive school attributes. These newly added components of the existing PERMA model can trigger further research in positive education studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Auliah
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Penang, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Lei Mee Thien
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Penang, Minden, Malaysia
| | | | - Nordin Abd Razak
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Penang, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Hazri Jamil
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Penang, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zohir Ahmad
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM Penang, Minden, Malaysia
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24
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Green ZA. Character strengths intervention for nurturing well-being among Pakistan's university students: A mixed-method study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:252-277. [PMID: 34431238 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A strengths intervention, The Good Life, was developed for this study to augment Pakistani university students' PERMA-oriented well-being. The intervention strategy focused on all 24 strengths, observing strengths in others, and developing the lesser strengths based on the dominant ones. Intervention best practices from positive, vocational, and educational psychology were also implemented to support greater learning capabilities among participants. Additionally, fidelity to training was observed to ensure intervention integrity. In this three-wave longitudinal study, participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 91) and a wait-list/no-treatment control group (n = 91). Quantitative results revealed that the experimental group reported greater well-being than the control group immediately after the intervention and 6 months later. Qualitative findings shed light on the character strengths demonstrated by the experimental group to build each PERMA dimension during Time 2 and Time 3. Findings also provided insights into how the experimental group experienced well-being during Time 2 and Time 3. Together, the quantitative and qualitative findings provide encouraging evidence regarding the long-term efficacy of the intervention in Pakistan's collective society. Implications for offering future strengths interventions amid the COVID-19 pandemic and recommendations for improving the Good Life intervention are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Asher Green
- Faculty of Business Administration, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Contemporary Research Initiative, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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25
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Ryan JC, Williams G, Wiggins BW, Flitton AJ, McIntosh JT, Carmen MJ, Cox DN. Exploring the active ingredients of workplace physical and psychological wellbeing programs: a systematic review. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1127-1141. [PMID: 33677571 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reviews have established that workplace wellbeing initiatives are effective at promoting wellbeing, but less is known about which intervention characteristics or "active ingredients" underpin this effectiveness (i.e., behavior change techniques [BCTs]). This review aims to illuminate the connections between the types of BCTs and the level of intervention intensity with intervention effectiveness. A systematic search for peer-reviewed studies evaluating a workplace wellbeing initiative was undertaken across five databases: Medline, Scopus, PsycInfo, and CINAHL (Ovid Emcare). Eligible studies included those that evaluated the effect of a workplace wellbeing initiative on participants' physical wellbeing (e.g., physical activity and quality of life) and psychological wellbeing (e.g., mental health and stress), were published between 2009 and September 2019, and utilized a comparator (e.g., control group or prepost change). Studies were screened in independent duplicate to minimize bias. Effect sizes were calculated. Following removal of duplicates, 1,541 studies were identified and screened for eligibility. Of these, 23 studies reporting 28 comparisons were deemed to meet eligibility criteria. Just over 50% of these studies reported evidence of either a strong or moderate effect across a physical and a psychological outcome, providing a positive indication that workplace wellbeing programs can promote physical and psychological wellbeing in workers. Interventions tended to employ multiple BCTs (mean range 8.1-9.4), however, no discernible patterns between the types or numbers of BCTs employed and intervention effectiveness was found. Further experimental work is required that compares and contrasts workplace wellbeing initiatives to enable a better understanding of how to develop and implement highly effective programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Ryan
- Precision Health Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia.,Public Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - G Williams
- Public Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - B W Wiggins
- Precision Health Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia.,Public Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - A J Flitton
- Physiotherapy Discipline, Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J T McIntosh
- Physiotherapy Discipline, Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - M J Carmen
- Physiotherapy Discipline, Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - D N Cox
- Precision Health Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia.,Public Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia
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26
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Grenawalt TA, Umucu E, Reyes A, Baylin A, Strauser DR, Tansey TN, Wagner S. Psychometric Validation of the PERMA-Profiler as a Well-Being Measure for Young Adult Survivors of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumor. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552211025509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to validate a measure of well-being, the PERMA-Profiler, among a sample of young adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Measurement structure of the PERMA-Profiler was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using pretest–posttest data. Reliability and concurrent validity of the PERMA-Profiler were examined. This study included 127 young adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumor between the ages of 18 and 30 ( M = 23.83, SD = 3.00) years. The results of factor analyses yielded a single-factor solution for well-being. Significant relationships between well-being and happiness, life satisfaction, perceived stress, and physical health were observed, providing support for the concurrent validity of the PERMA-Profiler. The PERMA-Profiler displayed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The PERMA-Profiler can help rehabilitation researchers and counselors better evaluate well-being in young adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumor, which provides opportunity for more targeted psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stacia Wagner
- Children’s Brain Tumor Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE Australian cancer survivors have multiple wellbeing support needs, and Australians frequently keep pets, a practice associated with physical and mental health benefits. This mixed-methods study explores the influence of relationships of PERMA (positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment) wellbeing domains and pet ownership on cancer survivors' physical and mental wellbeing and quality of life. METHODS A convenience sample of Australian cancer survivors (N = 162) were surveyed, recording demographic, pet ownership, PERMA wellbeing, physical and mental health characteristics, and support needs. Quality of life and health scores were predicted from PERMA domains and pet ownership. RESULTS Pet ownership was highly prevalent in participating cancer survivors, predicting increased mental health scores. No associations were seen for physical health. Cancer survivors sought instrumental pet care support and pet-owner relationship maintenance during survivorship.Implications: Pet ownership may be leverageable in interventions for mental health and wellbeing improvement during cancer recovery. Research should next clarify pet ownership prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Trigg
- Cancer Council South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,CQUniversity, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
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28
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Ridge K, Conlon N, Hennessy M, Dunne PJ. Feasibility assessment of an 8-week attention-based training programme in the management of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:103. [PMID: 33941291 PMCID: PMC8090513 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a common disorder that is poorly understood and frequently misdiagnosed. Psychological difficulties are a significant factor in dermatological diseases and may also aggravate symptom burden. Mind-body interventions are used as a complementary approach to alleviate symptoms in chronic diseases and may represent a valuable non-pharmacological approach in CSU. METHODS We sought to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an 8-week attention-based training (ABT) programme, coupled to biofeedback technology for CSU. Through convergent interviews, we gathered information from individuals with urticaria about possible links between stress, mood and skin symptoms. Using these data, we recruited 12 participants to engage in an amended ABT programme for patients with CSU, comprising eight 90-min sessions held weekly. Participants completed psychometric measures and measures of urticaria symptomatology as assessed by the urticaria control test, prior to and after the intervention. Adherence to ABT practice was measured using individual inner balance devices which tracked heart rate variability. We completed qualitative interviews after the intervention to obtain feedback on participant experience of the programme. RESULTS Participants with CSU described how their psychological wellbeing can be linked to skin symptoms, poor sleep and difficulty concentrating. An amended ABT programme was found to be an acceptable component of care in the management of CSU. Retention of participants in the programme was challenging with 33% participants dropping out of the programme. For those who did complete the programme, three participants exceeded weekly practice at week 8. A decrease in severity of urticaria symptomatology as measured by the urticaria control test was observed upon completion of the intervention. The most commonly cited barrier to implementation of the programme was the time commitment required. CONCLUSIONS Integrating an ABT programme into routine clinical care for CSU patients is feasible and was deemed acceptable and valuable by individuals who took part. Further formal evaluation of ABT for CSU including the analysis of biochemical parameters is required to determine its role in the management of this distressing condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ISRCTN with study ID ISRCTN13672947 . Registration took place on 22/09/2020 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Ridge
- Department of Immunology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Wellcome trust HRB Clinical Research Facility, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Wellcome trust HRB Clinical Research Facility, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martina Hennessy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Wellcome trust HRB Clinical Research Facility, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pádraic J Dunne
- Centre of Positive Psychology and Health, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Van Doren N, Dickens CN, Benson L, Brick TR, Gatzke-Kopp L, Oravecz Z. Capturing emotion coherence in daily life: Using ambulatory physiology measures and ecological momentary assessments to examine within-person associations and individual differences. Biol Psychol 2021; 162:108074. [PMID: 33775734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While emotion coherence has long been theorized to be a core feature of emotion, to date, studies examining response coherence have been conducted in laboratory settings. The present study used a combined approach of ambulatory physiology measures and ecological momentary assessment conducted over a 4-week period to examine the extent to which emotional experience and physiology show coherence in daily life within-persons; and whether individual differences in response coherence are associated with between-person differences in well-being, negative emotionality, and gender. Results revealed that, on average, individuals exhibited coherence between subjective experience and physiology of emotion, but that there was substantial between-person variation in coherence in daily life. Exploratory analyses revealed no credible link between levels of response coherence and well-being, negative emotionality, or gender. Findings contribute to the literature by demonstrating a novel methodological approach to measuring coherence in daily life and supporting the generalizability of coherence to ecologically valid contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Van Doren
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 370 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Chelsea N Dickens
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Lizbeth Benson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Timothy R Brick
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 224B Computer Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Lisa Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - Zita Oravecz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 224B Computer Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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Przybylko G, Morton DP, Morton JK, Renfrew ME, Hinze J. An interdisciplinary mental wellbeing intervention for increasing flourishing: two experimental studies. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1897868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Przybylko
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale University College, Cooranbong, Australia
| | - Darren Peter Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale University College, Cooranbong, Australia
| | - Jason Kyle Morton
- Faculty of Education, Business and Science, Avondale University College, Cooranbong, Australia
| | | | - Jason Hinze
- Faculty of Education, Business and Science, Avondale University College, Cooranbong, Australia
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Mental and Physical Factors Influencing Wellbeing among South Korean Emergency Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010070. [PMID: 33374138 PMCID: PMC7795396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emergency workers are frequently exposed to hazardous situations and such life patterns can influence their wellbeing. This study examined the relationships among South Korean emergency workers’ precedents and consequences of positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and achievement (PERMA), a wellbeing concept, and offered solutions. A total of 597 emergency workers in Daegu, South Korea, participated in a survey. This study measured post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome, burnout, depression, PERMA, quality of life, life satisfaction, and sleep quality to test the relationships. Results demonstrated that post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome and burnout predicted distracting sleep behavior and sleep health. Depression was significantly related to PERMA. The better the emergency workers’ PERMA was, the better their quality of life and life satisfaction were. PERMA significantly predicted sleep behavior, a portion of sleep quality. Depression had an indirect influence on quality of life mediated by PERMA. Post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome, burnout, and PERMA were significant predictors of low sleep health and sleep behavior. The results indicate that South Korean emergency workers struggle with depression and sleep quality. As the data were collected during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, individual efforts and relevant programs to improve South Korean emergency workers’ PERMA and sleep quality in a crisis are recommended. Possible solutions to improve the wellbeing of South Korean emergency workers are suggested.
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