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Zhou L, Schneider J, Arnrich B, Konigorski S. Analyzing population-level trials as N-of-1 trials: An application to gait. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 38:101282. [PMID: 38533473 PMCID: PMC10964044 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying individual causal effects of health interventions is important whenever intervention effects are heterogeneous between study participants. Conducting N-of-1 trials, which are single-person randomized controlled trials, is the gold standard for their analysis. As an alternative method, we propose to re-analyze existing population-level studies as N-of-1 trials, and use gait as a use case for illustration. Gait data were collected from 16 young and healthy participants under fatigued and non-fatigued, as well as under single-task (only walking) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions. As a reference to the N-of-1 trials approach, we first computed standard population-level ANOVA models to evaluate differences in gait parameters (stride length and stride time) across conditions. Then, we estimated the effect of the interventions on gait parameters on the individual level through Bayesian repeated-measures models, viewing each participant as their own trial, and compared the results. The results illustrated that while few overall population-level effects were visible, individual-level analyses revealed differences between participants. Baseline values of the gait parameters varied largely among all participants, and the effects of fatigue and cognitive task were also heterogeneous, with some individuals showing effects in opposite directions. These differences between population-level and individual-level analyses were more pronounced for the fatigue intervention compared to the cognitive task intervention. Following our empirical analysis, we discuss re-analyzing population studies through the lens of N-of-1 trials more generally and highlight important considerations and requirements. Our work encourages future studies to investigate individual effects using population-level data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliana Schneider
- Digital Health & Machine Learning, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bert Arnrich
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Konigorski
- Digital Health & Machine Learning, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Piche E, Gerus P, Zory R, Jaafar A, Guerin O, Chorin F. Effects of muscular and mental fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters in dual task walking in young, non-frail and frail older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2109-2118. [PMID: 37535312 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-task (DT) walking is of great interest in clinical evaluation to evaluate frailty or cognitive declines in older adults. Frail older adults are known to adopt different walking strategy to overcome fatigue. However, no studies evaluated the effect of muscular or mental fatigue on dual-task walking strategy and the difference between frail and non-frail older adults. AIMS Evaluate the effect of mental and muscular fatigue on spatio-temporal parameters in dual-task walking in young, non-frail and frail older adults. METHODS 59 participants divided into 20 young (Y) (24.9 ± 3 years old), 20 non-frail (NF) (75.8 ± 4.9 years old) and 19 frail older adults (F) (81 ± 4.7 years old) performed single-task (ST) walking, single-task cognitive (serial subtraction of 3), and dual-task (subtraction + walking) for 1 min at their fast pace. Gait speed, step length, step length variability, stance and swing phase time, single and double support time, cadence, gait speed variability were recorded in single- and dual-task walking. The dual-task effect (DTE) was calculated as ((DT - ST)/ST) × 100). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to compare the effects of mental and muscular fatigue on gait and cognitive variables between the groups. RESULTS The DTE walking parameters were worse in F compared to NF or Y but no significant effect of fatigue were highlighted except for swing time and single support time DTEs. CONCLUSIONS The results were mitigated but a clear difference in dual-task spatio-temporal parameters was found between F and NF which brings hope into the capacity of DT to better reveal frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Piche
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France.
| | | | - Raphaël Zory
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Amyn Jaafar
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Guerin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U108, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), Faculté de médecine, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
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Pitts J, Singhal K, Apte Y, Patel P, Kannan L, Bhatt T. The Effect of Cognitive Task, Gait Speed, and Age on Cognitive-Motor Interference during Walking. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7368. [PMID: 37687823 PMCID: PMC10490746 DOI: 10.3390/s23177368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual-tasking can cause cognitive-motor interference (CMI) and affect task performance. This study investigated the effects of age, gait speed, and type of cognitive task on CMI during gait. Ten younger and 10 older adults walked on a pressure-sensitive GAITRite walkway which recorded gait speed and step length. Participants walked at a slow, preferred, or fast speed while simultaneously completing four cognitive tasks: visuomotor reaction time (VMRT), serial subtraction (SS), word list generation (WLG), and visual Stroop (VS). Each combination of task and speed was repeated for two trials. Tasks were also performed while standing. Motor and cognitive costs were calculated with the formula: ((single-dual)/single × 100). Higher costs indicate a larger reduction in performance from single to dual-task. Motor costs were higher for WLG and SS than VMRT and VS and higher in older adults (p < 0.05). Cognitive costs were higher for SS than WLG (p = 0.001). At faster speeds, dual-task costs increased for WLG and SS, although decreased for VMRT. CMI was highest for working memory, language, and problem-solving tasks, which was reduced by slow walking. Aging increased CMI, although both ages were affected similarly by task and speed. Dual-task assessments could include challenging CMI conditions to improve the prediction of motor and cognitive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pitts
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kunal Singhal
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Austin, TX 32086, USA
| | - Yashashree Apte
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Prakruti Patel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kannan
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Zhou L, Fischer E, Brahms CM, Granacher U, Arnrich B. DUO-GAIT: A gait dataset for walking under dual-task and fatigue conditions with inertial measurement units. Sci Data 2023; 10:543. [PMID: 37604913 PMCID: PMC10442385 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing and evaluating gait analysis algorithms based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) data, which has important implications, including sports, assessment of diseases, and rehabilitation. Multi-tasking and physical fatigue are two relevant aspects of daily life gait monitoring, but there is a lack of publicly available datasets to support the development and testing of methods using a mobile IMU setup. We present a dataset consisting of 6-minute walks under single- (only walking) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions in unfatigued and fatigued states from sixteen healthy adults. Especially, nine IMUs were placed on the head, chest, lower back, wrists, legs, and feet to record under each of the above-mentioned conditions. The dataset also includes a rich set of spatio-temporal gait parameters that capture the aspects of pace, symmetry, and variability, as well as additional study-related information to support further analysis. This dataset can serve as a foundation for future research on gait monitoring in free-living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14482, Germany.
| | - Eric Fischer
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14482, Germany
| | - Clemens Markus Brahms
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bert Arnrich
- Digital Health - Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14482, Germany.
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Kao PC, Lomasney C, Gu Y, Clark JP, Yanco HA. Effects of induced motor fatigue on walking mechanics and energetics. J Biomech 2023; 156:111688. [PMID: 37339542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lower-body robotic exoskeletons can be used to reduce the energy demand of locomotion and increase the endurance of wearers. Understanding how motor fatigue affects walking performance may lead to better exoskeleton designs to support the changing physical capacity of an individual due to motor fatigue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of motor fatigue on walking mechanics and energetics. Treadmill walking with progressively increased incline gradient was used to induce motor fatigue. Twenty healthy young participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at 1.25 m/s and 0° of incline for 5 min before (PRE) and after (POST) motor fatigue. We examined lower-limb joint mechanics, metabolic cost, and the efficiency of positive mechanical work (η+work). Compared to PRE, participants had increased net metabolic power by ∼14% (p < 0.001) during POST. Participants also had increased total-limb positive mechanical power (Total P+mech) by ∼4% during POST (p < 0.001), resulting in a reduced η+work by ∼8% (p < 0.001). In addition, the positive mechanical work contribution of the lower-limb joints during POST was shifted from the ankle to the knee while the negative mechanical work contribution was shifted from the knee to the ankle (all p < 0.017). Although greater knee positive mechanical power was generated to compensate for the reduction in ankle positive power after motor fatigue, the disproportionate increase in metabolic cost resulted in a reduced walking efficiency. The findings of this study suggest that powering the ankle joint may help delay the onset of the lower-limb joint work redistribution observed during motor fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Kao
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
| | - Colin Lomasney
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Yan Gu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Janelle P Clark
- New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; School of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Holly A Yanco
- New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; School of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Pitts J, Bhatt T. Effects of mentally induced fatigue on balance control: a systematic review. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:13-30. [PMID: 36329316 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cognitive demands and postural control is controversial. Mental fatigue paradigms investigate the attentional requirements of postural control by assessing balance after a prolonged cognitive task. However, a majority of mental fatigue research has focused on cognition and sports performance, leaving balance relatively underexamined. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the existing literature on mental fatigue and balance control. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies comparing balance performance pre- to post-mental fatigue or between a mental fatigue and control group. The literature search resulted in ten relevant studies including both volitional (n = 7) and reactive (n = 3) balance measures. Mental fatigue was induced by various cognitive tasks which were completed for 20-90 min prior to balance assessment. Mental fatigue affected both volitional and reactive balance, resulting in increased postural sway, decreased accuracy on volitional tasks, delayed responses to perturbations, and less effective balance recovery responses. These effects could have been mediated by the depletion of attentional resources or impaired sensorimotor perception which delayed appropriate balance-correcting responses. However, the current literature is limited by the number of studies and heterogeneous mental fatigue induction methods. Future studies are needed to confirm these postulations and examine the effects of mental fatigue on different populations and postural tasks. This line of research could be clinically relevant to improve safety in occupational settings where individuals complete extremely long durations of cognitive tasks and for the development of effective fall-assessment and fall-prevention paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pitts
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Effect of Gait Alteration on Fatigability during Walking in Adult Women with High Body Fat Composition. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010085. [PMID: 36676709 PMCID: PMC9866334 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: The risk factors for injury due to alterations in gait efficiency and fatigability during walking are a rising concern. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize the changes in gait pattern and performance fatigability among adult women with a high body fat percentage and to study the association between the gait pattern and performance fatigability during walking. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 adult women were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups: a high-body-fat percentage group (HBF; n = 80; fat% = 42.49 ± 3.51) and a comparison group with a normal body fat percentage (NBF; n = 80; fat% = 29.68 ± 4.30). The 10 min walking test (10-MWT) was used to measure performance fatigability. Treadmill-based gait analysis was used for the acquisition of gait parameters. The correlation between the variables was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Forward stepwise linear regression was carried out to examine the association between all independent variables, and performance fatigability was adjusted for age and height. The level of statistical significant was set at p-value < 0.05 in all analyses. Results: The mean performance fatigability during the 10-MWT was reported to be high (1.4 ± 0.13) among the participants with HBF, as compared with a fatigability of 1.25 ± 0.11 in the NBF group. The data analysis of the spatial parameters indicated that stride length and step length were statistically smaller in the participants with HBF, as compared with the NBF group. The effects of average maximum force, speed, cadence, step length, and stride length explained the variation in the performance fatigability by 61% (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that gait alteration due to excess body fat induced a reduction in performance, as reflected by the high fatigability performance during walking. The study demonstrated a significant association between the severity of performance fatigability and spatial gait parameters.
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Jin Y, Sano Y, Shogenji M, Watanabe T. Fatigue Effect on Minimal Toe Clearance and Toe Activity during Walking. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9300. [PMID: 36502002 PMCID: PMC9738795 DOI: 10.3390/s22239300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of fatigue on the process of walking in young adults using the developed clog-integrated sensor system. The developed sensor can simultaneously measure the forefoot activity (FA) and minimum toe clearance (MTC). The FA was evaluated through the change in the contact area captured by a camera using a method based on a light conductive plate. The MTC was derived from the distance between the bottom surface of the clog and ground obtained using a time of flight (TOF) sensor, and the clog posture was obtained using an acceleration sensor. The induced fatigue was achieved by walking on a treadmill at the fastest walking speed. We evaluated the FA and MTC before and after fatigue in both feet for 14 participants. The effects of fatigue manifested in either the FA or MTC of either foot when the results were evaluated by considering the participants individually, although individual variances in the effects of fatigue were observed. In the dominant foot, a significant increase in either the FA or MTC was observed in 13 of the 14 participants. The mean MTC in the dominant foot increased significantly (p = 0.038) when the results were evaluated by considering the participants as a group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Jin
- Graduated School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yui Sano
- Graduated School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miho Shogenji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Tetsuyou Watanabe
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Chardon M, Barbieri FA, Penedo T, Santos PCR, Vuillerme N. The effects of experimentally-induced fatigue on gait parameters during obstacle crossing: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104854. [PMID: 36084846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Striking an obstacle while walking can be dangerous, reflecting the higher risks of losing one's balance, tripping and falling. Particular situations during which internal resources are limited, such as in a fatigued state, may impair performance when crossing obstacles, enhancing the risks of falls or accidents. Our goal was thus to review the effects of experimentally-induced fatigue (EIF) on gait parameters during obstacle crossing by healthy individuals. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'fatigue', 'obstacle crossing' and their equivalent terms to extract data from studies investigating this domain. Nine studies were found. First, EIF-related effects on kinetics, EMG and obstacle contacts have been poorly studied. Second, consistent and inconsistent results were found in the kinematic outcomes after EIF. Consistent results included reductions in stride duration and increased step width. Inconsistent results included gait velocity (no-effect vs increased), leading and trailing-foot vertical clearance (reduced vs increased) and horizontal distance from foot to the obstacle before obstacle avoidance (no-effect vs increased). These findings should be interpreted cautiously, however, due to the heterogeneity of the obstacle crossing and EIF protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chardon
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - F A Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.
| | - T Penedo
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo C R Santos
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Vuillerme
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Gebel A, Busch A, Stelzel C, Hortobágyi T, Granacher U. Effects of Physical and Mental Fatigue on Postural Sway and Cortical Activity in Healthy Young Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:871930. [PMID: 35774482 PMCID: PMC9237223 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.871930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fatigue (PF) negatively affects postural control, resulting in impaired balance performance in young and older adults. Similar effects on postural control can be observed for mental fatigue (MF) mainly in older adults. Controversial results exist for young adults. There is a void in the literature on the effects of fatigue on balance and cortical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute effects of PF and MF on postural sway and cortical activity. Fifteen healthy young adults aged 28 ± 3 years participated in this study. MF and PF protocols comprising of an all-out repeated sit-to-stand task and a computer-based attention network test, respectively, were applied in random order. Pre and post fatigue, cortical activity and postural sway (i.e., center of pressure displacements [CoPd], velocity [CoPv], and CoP variability [CV CoPd, CV CoPv]) were tested during a challenging bipedal balance board task. Absolute spectral power was calculated for theta (4–7.5 Hz), alpha-2 (10.5–12.5 Hz), beta-1 (13–18 Hz), and beta-2 (18.5–25 Hz) in frontal, central, and parietal regions of interest (ROI) and baseline-normalized. Inference statistics revealed a significant time-by-fatigue interaction for CoPd (p = 0.009, d = 0.39, Δ 9.2%) and CoPv (p = 0.009, d = 0.36, Δ 9.2%), and a significant main effect of time for CoP variability (CV CoPd: p = 0.001, d = 0.84; CV CoPv: p = 0.05, d = 0.62). Post hoc analyses showed a significant increase in CoPd (p = 0.002, d = 1.03) and CoPv (p = 0.003, d = 1.03) following PF but not MF. For cortical activity, a significant time-by-fatigue interaction was found for relative alpha-2 power in parietal (p < 0.001, d = 0.06) areas. Post hoc tests indicated larger alpha-2 power increases after PF (p < 0.001, d = 1.69, Δ 3.9%) compared to MF (p = 0.001, d = 1.03, Δ 2.5%). In addition, changes in parietal alpha-2 power and measures of postural sway did not correlate significantly, irrespective of the applied fatigue protocol. No significant changes were found for the other frequency bands, irrespective of the fatigue protocol and ROI under investigation. Thus, the applied PF protocol resulted in increased postural sway (CoPd and CoPv) and CoP variability accompanied by enhanced alpha-2 power in the parietal ROI while MF led to increased CoP variability and alpha-2 power in our sample of young adults. Potential underlying cortical mechanisms responsible for the greater increase in parietal alpha-2 power after PF were discussed but could not be clearly identified as cause. Therefore, further future research is needed to decipher alternative interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnd Gebel
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Arnd Gebel,
| | - Aglaja Busch
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Physiotherapy, Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Zhong R, Liao J, Xu Y. Fatigue Assessment of Sedentary Office Workers using Smart Phones: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022; 29:723-734. [PMID: 35574672 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2077000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone-based gait assessment provides a novel method to evaluate fatigue. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine self-reported fatigue and gait parameters recorded using a smartphone before and after an 8-hour work day in bank workers, and identify the relationship between self-reported fatigue and gait parameters. METHODS 100 bank workers (20-45 years) were tested before and after an 8-hour work day using a reaction time test, self-reported fatigue scale, and gait test. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis and partial least squares regression were used to identify the relationship between self-reported fatigue and gait parameters. RESULTS Reaction time and self-reported fatigue increased significantly after work. Gait parameters (step frequency, minimum acceleration, acceleration root mean square, step regularity, and step counts) decreased; step time and step time variability increased significantly (p < 0.05). We found a significant correlation between Δwork engagement (delta: Δ) and Δstep frequency (r = -0.20, p < 0.05), Δwork engagement and Δstep time (r = 0.21, p < 0.05), and Δwork tasks and Δstep symmetry (r = -0.20, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION This study suggests that step frequency, step time and step symmetry measured using a smartphone have the potential to be used as predictors of work fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runting Zhong
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingxian Liao
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Brahms M, Heinzel S, Rapp M, Mückstein M, Hortobágyi T, Stelzel C, Granacher U. The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 225:103540. [PMID: 35245722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance. We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = -0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically. Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brahms
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- University of Potsdam, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marie Mückstein
- International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstraße 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Christine Stelzel
- International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstraße 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Increased Fatigability in Women With Persistent Cancer-Related Fatigue After Breast Cancer Treatment: A Pilot Study. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Can Compression Garments Reduce the Deleterious Effects of Physical Exercise on Muscle Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Sports Med 2022; 52:2159-2175. [PMID: 35476183 PMCID: PMC9388468 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of compression garments (CGs) during or after training and competition has gained popularity in the last few decades. However, the data concerning CGs’ beneficial effects on muscle strength-related outcomes after physical exercise remain inconclusive. Objective The aim was to determine whether wearing CGs during or after physical exercise would facilitate the recovery of muscle strength-related outcomes. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost). Data from 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 350 healthy participants were extracted and meta-analytically computed. Weighted between-study standardized mean differences (SMDs) with respect to their standard errors (SEs) were aggregated and corrected for sample size to compute overall SMDs. The type of physical exercise, the body area and timing of CG application, and the time interval between the end of the exercise and subsequent testing were assessed. Results CGs produced no strength-sparing effects (SMD [95% confidence interval]) at the following time points (t) after physical exercise: immediately ≤ t < 24 h: − 0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.19), p = 0.87; 24 ≤ t < 48 h: − 0.00 (− 0.22 to 0.21), p = 0.98; 48 ≤ t < 72 h: − 0.03 (− 0.43 to 0.37), p = 0.87; 72 ≤ t < 96 h: 0.14 (− 0.21 to 0.49), p = 0.43; 96 h ≤ t: 0.26 (− 0.33 to 0.85), p = 0.38. The body area where the CG was applied had no strength-sparing effects. CGs revealed weak strength-sparing effects after plyometric exercise. Conclusion Meta-analytical evidence suggests that wearing a CG during or after training does not seem to facilitate the recovery of muscle strength following physical exercise. Practitioners, athletes, coaches, and trainers should reconsider the use of CG as a tool to reduce the effects of physical exercise on muscle strength. Trial Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42021246753. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01681-4.
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Zanin M, Olivares F, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Rausell E, Gomez-Andres D. Gait analysis under the lens of statistical physics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3257-3267. [PMID: 35782747 PMCID: PMC9237948 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gait is a fundamental activity, essential for the survival of the individual, and an emergent property of the interactions between complex physical and cognitive processes. Gait is altered in many situations, due both to external constraints, as e.g. paced walk, and to physical and neurological pathologies. Its study is therefore important as a way of improving the quality of life of patients, but also as a door to understanding the inner working of the human nervous system. In this review we explore how four statistical physics concepts have been used to characterise normal and pathological gait: entropy, maximum Lyapunov exponent, multi-fractal analysis and irreversibility. Beyond some basic definitions, we present the main results that have been obtained in this field, as well as a discussion of the main limitations researchers have dealt and will have to deal with. We finally conclude with some biomedical considerations and avenues for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Zanin
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Felipe Olivares
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Estrella Rausell
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - David Gomez-Andres
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, ERN-RND & EURO-NMD, Pg. de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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16
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Matos AC, Drumond CL, Guimarães MO, Silva-Freire LC, Paiva SM, Vieira-Andrade RG. Impact of untreated dental caries and dental pain on sadness related to oral health of Brazilian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 23:301-308. [PMID: 34778925 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children should feel sad when they believe that a negative outcome is permanent. The sadness that an oral problem might bring tends to contribute to children's loneliness and increase the social stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of untreated dental caries, dental pain, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injury on prevalence of sadness related to oral health among Brazilian children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out with 397 children aged 8-10 years randomly selected from public and private schools in Diamantina, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the CPQ8-10 was applied. Sadness was collected through the question, "In the last month how often did you feel sad because of your teeth or mouth?" and dental pain through the question, "In the last month, how many times have you had pain in your teeth?" One calibrated examiner (Kappa value intra examiner: 0.77-0.91; Kappa value inter examiner: 0.80-1.00) performed the exam for dental caries (DMFT), malocclusion (DAI), and dental trauma (O'Brien). Parents answered questions addressing socioeconomic issues. Descriptive analyses, Chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (IC 95%; p < 0.05)." RESULTS The prevalence of sadness related to oral health was 30.5% (n = 121). Sadness related to oral health was associated with untreated dental caries (PR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.32-2.46; p = 0.001 ) and dental pain (PR: 2.91; 95% CI 2.00-4.22; p < 0.001). Other clinical variables analyzed (traumatic dental injury and malocclusion) were not significantly associated with sadness related to oral health. CONCLUSIONS Children with untreated dental caries and dental pain presented a higher report of sadness related to oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Matos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C L Drumond
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade Santa Maria, Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - M O Guimarães
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L C Silva-Freire
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S M Paiva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R G Vieira-Andrade
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Santos PCRD, Barbieri FA, Orcioli-Silva D, Beretta VS, Hortobágyi T, Gobbi LTB. Being physically active minimizes the effects of leg muscle fatigue on obstacle negotiation in people with Parkinson's disease. J Biomech 2021; 124:110568. [PMID: 34171679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) to adjust their gait to perturbations, including fatigue. Obstacle negotiation increases the risk of tripping and falling in PD. Being physically active can improve gait control and the ability to negotiate obstacles while walking under fatigue state. We thus determined the effects of Parkinson's disease, fatigue, and level of physical activity on gait during the approach to and crossing an obstacle during gait. Forty participants were stratified to people with Parkinson's disease active and inactive, and control individuals active and inactive. Participants walked on an 8 m walkway and stepped over an obstacle placed at the middle (4 m). They performed three trials before and after repeated sit-to-stand (rSTS)-induced fatigue state. Maximum voluntary force was assessed before and after rSTS. We measured the length, width, duration, and velocity of the approach (stride before obstacle) and crossing (step over the obstacle) phases and the leading and trailing placements and clearance during crossing phase. Fatigue trait was determined by multidimensional fatigue inventory. Before rSTS, people with Parkinson's disease inactive vs. other subgroups approached the obstacle using 18-28% shorter, wider and slower steps and crossed the obstacle slower (all p < 0.04). After rSTS, people with Parkinson's disease inactive increased (23-34%) stride length and velocity and decreased (-21%) the step width (p < 0.01). People with Parkinson's disease approached the obstacle similarly to control individuals. Physical activity minimizes Parkinson's disease-typical gait impairments during obstacle negotiation and affords a protective effect against fatigue-effects on obstacle negotiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Spiandor Beretta
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Peterson DS, Moore A, Ofori E. Performance fatigability during gait in adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Gait Posture 2021; 85:232-237. [PMID: 33618167 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is common in people with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (pwCMT) disease. However, no studies have characterized performance fatigability during gait in this population. Characterizing performance fatigability during gait, and assessing its relation to life satisfaction could improve understanding and treatment of mobility challenges in pwCMT. RESEARCH QUESTIONS How do gait outcomes change with fatigue in pwCMT? Do these changes relate to life satisfaction? METHODS 31 pwCMT completed a 6-minute, fast-as-possible walk while gait outcomes were captured via inertial sensors. Gait outcomes were separated into six sequential bins of equal size. The mean value, variability, and asymmetry (step time only) of outcomes were calculated for each bin. Perceived fatigue and general life satisfaction were assessed via questionnaire. RESULTS Of the five mean gait outcomes measured, four showed statistically significant changes over the 6-minute fast-as-possible walk: velocity (reduced; p = 0.008); cadence (reduced; p < 0.001), step time (increased; p < 0.001), and trunk ROM (increased; p = 0.032). Of the four variability and one asymmetry outcomes, only stride length variability changed during the walking task (p = 0.015), decreasing from bins 1-2, and remaining stable for bins 2-6. Changes in velocity, cadence, step time were related to general life satisfaction (0.038 < ps<0.04), but not perceived fatigue (ps>0.343). SIGNIFICANCE pwCMT exhibit statistically significant changes in mean gait outcomes, but not variability outcomes, across a 6-minute, fast-as-possible walking bout. Changes correlated to life satisfaction, suggesting performance fatigability during gait could be a target for rehabilitation for pwCMT. Perceived fatigue did not correlate to gait fatigue, underscoring the differentiation between perceived fatigue and performance fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peterson
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA; Phoenix VA Medical Center, 650 Indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.
| | - Allison Moore
- Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Edward Ofori
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, 425 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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Gait Assessment in College Athletes: Do Concussion History, Symptoms, Gender, and Type of Sport Matter? J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:988-999. [PMID: 33418540 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Though previous research has focused on examining the effects of concussion history using a dual-task paradigm, the influence of factors like symptoms (unrelated to concussion), gender, and type of sport on gait in college athletes is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of concussion history, symptoms, gender, and type of sport (noncontact/limited contact/contact) individually on gait among college athletes. DESIGN Exploratory cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS In total, 98 varsity athletes (age, 18.3 [1.0] y; height, 1.79 [0.11] m; mass, 77.5 [19.2] kg; 27 with concussion history, 58 reported at least one symptom, 44 females; 8 played noncontact sports and 71 played contact sports) walked under single- and dual-task (walking while counting backward by 7) conditions. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dual-task cost (DTC; % difference between single task and dual task) of gait speed, cadence, step length and width, percentage of swing and double-support phases, symptom score, and total symptom severity score. Independent samples t tests and 1-way analysis of variance were conducted (α value = .05). RESULTS Self-reported concussion history resulted in no significant differences (P > .05). Those who reported symptoms at testing time showed significantly greater DTC of step length (mean difference [MD], 2.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3% to 5.1%; P = .012), % of swing phase (MD, 1.0%; 95% CI, -0.2 to 2.1%; P = .042), and % of double-support phase (MD, 3.9%; 95% CI, 0.2% to 7.8%; P = .019). Females demonstrated significantly higher DTC of gait speed (MD, 5.3%; 95% CI, 1.3% to 9.3%; P = .005), cadence (MD, 4.0%; 95% CI, 1.4% to 6.5%; P = .002), % of swing phase (MD, 1.2%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 2.3%; P = .019), and % of double-support phase (MD, 4.1%; 95% CI, 0.4% to 7.9%; P = .018). Noncontact sports athletes had significantly greater step width DTC than contact sports athletes (MD, 14.2%; 95% CI, 0.9% to 27.6%; P = .032). CONCLUSIONS Reporting symptoms at testing time may influence gait under dual-task conditions. Additionally, female athletes showed more gait changes during a dual task. Sports medicine professionals should be aware that these variables, while unrelated to injury, may affect an athlete's gait upon analysis.
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Dos Santos PCR, Lamoth CJC, Barbieri FA, Zijdewind I, Gobbi LTB, Hortobágyi T. Age-specific modulation of intermuscular beta coherence during gait before and after experimentally induced fatigue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15854. [PMID: 32985547 PMCID: PMC7522269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of age on intermuscular beta-band (15–35 Hz) coherence during treadmill walking before and after experimentally induced fatigue. Older (n = 12) and younger (n = 12) adults walked on a treadmill at 1.2 m/s for 3 min before and after repetitive sit-to-stand, rSTS, to induce muscle fatigability. We measured stride outcomes and coherence from 100 steps in the dominant leg for the synergistic (biceps femoris (BF)-semitendinosus, rectus femoris (RF)-vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL)-Soleus (SL), tibialis anterior (TA)-peroneus longus (PL)) and for the antagonistic (RF-BF and TA-GL) muscle pairs at late swing and early stance. Older vs. younger adults had 43–62% lower GL-SL, RF-VL coherence in swing and TA-PL and RF-VL coherence in stance. After rSTS, RF-BF coherence in late swing decreased by ~ 20% and TA-PL increased by 16% independent of age (p = 0.02). Also, GL-SL coherence decreased by ~ 23% and increased by ~ 23% in younger and older, respectively. Age affects the oscillatory coupling between synergistic muscle pairs, delivered presumably via corticospinal tracts, during treadmill walking. Muscle fatigability elicits age-specific changes in the common fluctuations in muscle activity, which could be interpreted as a compensation for muscle fatigability to maintain gait performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil. .,Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudine J C Lamoth
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Inge Zijdewind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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