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Gonçalves A, Nóbrega EK, Rebelo H, Mata VA, Rocha R. A metabarcoding assessment of the diet of the insectivorous bats of Madeira Island, Macaronesia. J Mammal 2024; 105:524-533. [PMID: 38812924 PMCID: PMC11130527 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the trophic structure of species assemblages is crucial in order to comprehend how syntropic species coexist in space and time. Bats are the second most taxonomically diverse group of mammals and display a wide range of dietary strategies. Due to their ability to disperse over water, ca. 60% of all extant bat species occur on islands and for the most part their interspecific ecological interactions are poorly known. Using DNA metabarcoding, this study offers the first insights into the diet of Macaronesian bats by providing a holistic overview of prey consumed by all 3 bat species found on Madeira Island (Pipistrellus maderensis, Nyctalus leisleri verrucosus, and Plecotus austriacus) and investigating both interspecific (between P. maderensis and N. l. verrucosus) and intraspecific (between female and male N. l. verrucosus) dietary differences. We identified a total of 110 species of arthropod prey in the diet of the 3 bat species, including multiple agriculture and forestry pest species, a human disease-relevant species, and numerous taxa not previously recorded on the island. Lepidoptera was the primary prey order for all 3 bat species. The diet composition of P. maderensis and N. l. verrucosus differed significantly, with P. maderensis consuming more Diptera and multiple prey taxa not found in the diet of N. l. verucosus. Moreover, male N. l. verrucosus exhibited a broader niche breadth than females. This study is among the first to use DNA metabarcoding to evaluate the diet of insular bats and thus greatly advances knowledge regarding the trophic ecology and pest suppression services of these poorly-known mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Department of Biology, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Eva K Nóbrega
- Câmara Municipal do Funchal, Parque Ecológico do Funchal, 9050 554 Madeira, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- ESS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A Mata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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Peña‐Villalobos I, Muñoz‐Pacheco CB, Escobar MAH, Jaksic FM, Sabat P. Living with voracious roommates: Factors that explain isotopic niche variation in a mixed colony of insectivorous bats. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10939. [PMID: 38500854 PMCID: PMC10945080 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that in resource-limited environments, coexisting species may overlap their niche dimensions but must differ in at least one to avoid competitive exclusion. Specifically, it has been suggested that the coexistence of competing species within a guild, could be sustained with mechanisms of resource partitioning, such as segregation along a trophic dimension. Among the most gregarious mammals are bats, which present diversification in their diet based on habitat choice and body size. Despite differences that could explain specialization in prey selection, there are insufficient studies that explore food overlap in mixed bat colonies and the factors that determine the selection of prey, both at intra- and inter-specific levels. To fill this gap, we analyzed the isotope signal (δ13C and δ15N) in feces collected in a mixed colony of Tadarida brasiliensis and Myotis chiloensis. To understand how several factors could influence these isotopic signals, intrinsic explanatory variables were analyzed, including body mass, body length, age, and sex. Also, extrinsic variables were analyzed, including monthly temporality and moonlight intensity. Our findings support age-dependent specialization in M. chiloensis, with a significant role of moonlight intensity and sex on δ15N. In T. brasiliensis, we identified a significant effect of size, sex, and ear length on δ15N. Our analysis indicates that both species of bats experience diverse degrees of overlap through austral summer months, affected by several factors that explain the variability in their fecal isotopic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Peña‐Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Catalina B. Muñoz‐Pacheco
- Grupo de Ecología, Naturaleza y Sociedad (GENS), Departamento de Gestión Forestal y su Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la NaturalezaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Escuela de Arquitectura del PaisajeUniversidad Central de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Martín A. H. Escobar
- Grupo de Ecología, Naturaleza y Sociedad (GENS), Departamento de Gestión Forestal y su Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la NaturalezaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la NaturalezaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Fabian M. Jaksic
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES)SantiagoChile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES)SantiagoChile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi)ValdiviaChile
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Suriyampola PS, Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Jayasundara N, Flores J, Lopez M, Bhat A, Martins EP. River zebrafish combine behavioral plasticity and generalized morphology with specialized sensory and metabolic physiology to survive in a challenging environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16398. [PMID: 37773260 PMCID: PMC10541436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes that allow animals to detect, weather, and predict changes efficiently are essential for survival in fluctuating environments. Some phenotypes may remain specialized to suit an environment perfectly, while others become more plastic or generalized, shifting flexibly to match current context or adopting a form that can utilize a wide range of contexts. Here, we tested the differences in behavior, morphology, sensory and metabolic physiology between wild zebrafish (Danio rerio) in highly variable fast-flowing rivers and still-water sites. We found that river zebrafish moved at higher velocities than did still-water fish, had lower oxygen demands, and responded less vigorously to small changes in flow rate, as we might expect for fish that are well-suited to high-flow environments. River zebrafish also had less streamlined bodies and were more behaviorally plastic than were still-water zebrafish, both features that may make them better-suited to a transitional lifestyle. Our results suggest that zebrafish use distinct sensory mechanisms and metabolic physiology to reduce energetic costs of living in fast-flowing water while relying on morphology and behavior to create flexible solutions to a challenging habitat. Insights on animals' reliance on traits with different outcomes provide a framework to better understand their survival in future environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jennifer Flores
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Melissa Lopez
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Anuradha Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Emília P Martins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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García-Herrera LV, Ramírez-Fráncel LA, Guevara G, Lim BK, Losada-Prado S. Wing morphology is related to niche specialization and interaction networks in stenodermatine bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Plant–animal interactions constitute some of the most important ecological processes for the maintenance of tropical forests. Bats are the only group of mammals capable of true flight and have been recognized as important dispersers of pioneer and secondary successional plant species. Although progress has been made in the study of Neotropical bats, morphological variation of the wing and its influence on niche separation between species is unknown. We evaluated relationships among habitat structures of selected Colombian tropical dry forest patches, the diet through interaction networks, and wing morphology of 11 species of bats in the Stenodermatinae subfamily (297 individuals) using geometric morphometry in a phylogenetic context. The results indicate that the phylogenetic signal for wing size is greater than for wing shape, thus providing some evidence for evolutionary convergence. Wing shape variation was associated primarily with the distal anatomical tip of the third finger and the joint between the humerus and the radius and ulna. Species with wide, short wings, as in the genus Artibeus had generalist diets and less nested positions within the interaction networks. In contrast, species with elongated and pointed wings, such as Sturnira and Platyrrhinus, had specialized diets and more nested positions within the interaction networks. We argue that wing shape variation may play an important role as a source of interspecific variation leading to food specialization within tropical bat communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Viviana García-Herrera
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, IDEAD, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730004 , Colombia
| | - Leidy Azucena Ramírez-Fráncel
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, IDEAD, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730004 , Colombia
| | - Giovany Guevara
- Departamento de Biología and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué M5H 2N2 , Colombia
| | - Burton K Lim
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum , 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6 , Canada
| | - Sergio Losada-Prado
- Departamento de Biología and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué M5H 2N2 , Colombia
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Biassi DL, Baldissera R, Galiano D, de Souza Rezende R. Effects of Pine Forest Management Practices on Bat Functional Traits in a Subtropical Region. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Liposki Biassi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó — UNOCHAPECÓ, Rua Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, CEP 89809-000, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - Ronei Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó — UNOCHAPECÓ, Rua Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, CEP 89809-000, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Realeza. Rua Edmundo Gaievisk, 1000, Zona Rural, CEP 85770000, Realeza, PR, Brasil
| | - Renan de Souza Rezende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó — UNOCHAPECÓ, Rua Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, CEP 89809-000, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
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Hemprich-Bennett DR, Kemp VA, Blackman J, Lewis OT, Struebig MJ, Bernard H, Kratina P, Rossiter SJ, Clare EL. Selective Logging Shows No Impact on the Dietary Breadth of a Generalist Bat Species: The Fawn Leaf-Nosed Bat (Hipposideros cervinus). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.750269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Logging activities degrade forest habitats across large areas of the tropics, but the impacts on trophic interactions that underpin forest ecosystems are poorly understood. DNA metabarcoding provides an invaluable tool to investigate such interactions, allowing analysis at a far greater scale and resolution than has previously been possible. We analysed the diet of the insectivorous fawn leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros cervinus across a forest disturbance gradient in Borneo, using a dataset of ecological interactions from an unprecedented number of bat-derived faecal samples. Bats predominantly consumed insects from the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Blattodea, and Coleoptera, and the taxonomic composition of their diet remained relatively consistent across sites regardless of logging disturbance. There was little difference in the richness of prey consumed per-bat in each logging treatment, indicating potential resilience of this species to habitat degradation. In fact, bats consumed a high richness of prey items, and intensive sampling is needed to reliably compare feeding ecology over multiple sites. Multiple bioinformatic parameters were used, to assess how they altered our perception of sampling completeness. While parameter choice altered estimates of completeness, a very high sampling effort was always required to detect the entire prey community.
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Ecological Morphology of Neotropical Bat Wing Structures. Zool Stud 2021; 59:e60. [PMID: 34140977 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2020.59-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Morphology has a direct influence on animal fitness. Studies addressing the identification of patterns and variations across several guilds are fundamental in ecomorphological research. Wings are the core of ecological morphology in bats; nevertheless, individual bones and structures that support the wing, including metacarpals, phalanges and the length of digits, have rarely been the subject of comprehensive research when studying wing morphology. Here, I analyzed morphological variations of wing structures across 11 bat guilds and how individual bone structures are correlated to diet, foraging mode and habitat use. I obtained wing measurements from 1512 voucher specimens of 97 species. All the specimens analyzed came from the Mammalian Collection at the Museo Javeriano de Historia Natural of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (MPUJ-MAMM) (Bogotá, Colombia). Positive correlations between size and the length of the third and fifth digit were detected. Bat guilds that capture their preys using aerial strategy in uncluttered habitats had longer third digits but short fifth digits compared to guilds that rely on gleaning strategy and forage in highly cluttered space. Although terminal phalanges were shown to be important structures for guild classification, metacarpals were strongly related to aerial foragers from uncluttered habitats because of their potential role in flight performance and ecological adaptations. Results show that habitat use, as well as foraging mode, are reflected in wing structures. Different wing traits to those evaluated in this study should be considered to better understand the ecological interactions, foraging strategy, wing adaptations, and flight performance in Neotropical bats.
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Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Wultsch C, Krampis K, Provost KL, Perkins SL. Molecular diet analysis of neotropical bats based on fecal DNA metabarcoding. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7474-7491. [PMID: 34188828 PMCID: PMC8216975 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat communities in the Neotropics are some of the most speciose assemblages of mammals on Earth, with regions supporting more than 100 sympatric species with diverse feeding ecologies. Because bats are small, nocturnal, and volant, it is difficult to directly observe their feeding habits, which has resulted in their classification into broadly defined dietary guilds (e.g., insectivores, carnivores, and frugivores). Apart from these broad guilds, we lack detailed dietary information for many species and therefore have only a limited understanding of interaction networks linking bats and their diet items. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding of plants, arthropods, and vertebrates to investigate the diets of 25 bat species from the tropical dry forests of Lamanai, Belize. Our results report some of the first detection of diet items for the focal bat taxa, adding rich and novel natural history information to the field of bat ecology. This study represents a comprehensive first effort to apply DNA metabarcoding to bat diets at Lamanai and provides a useful methodological framework for future studies testing hypotheses about coexistence and niche differentiation in the context of modern high-throughput molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Ingala
- Division of MammalsDepartment of Vertebrate ZoologyNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA
- Richard Gilder Graduate SchoolThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate ZoologyThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Invertebrate ZoologyThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Nancy B. Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate ZoologyThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Claudia Wultsch
- Sackler Institute for Comparative GenomicsThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics LaboratoryHunter CollegeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Konstantinos Krampis
- Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics LaboratoryHunter CollegeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesHunter CollegeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
- Institute of Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kaiya L. Provost
- Richard Gilder Graduate SchoolThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of OrnithologyThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Susan L. Perkins
- Division of Invertebrate ZoologyThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative GenomicsThe American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
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In situ novel environment assay reveals acoustic exploration as a repeatable behavioral response in migratory bats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8174. [PMID: 33854128 PMCID: PMC8046999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating information on species-specific sensory perception with spatial activity provides a high-resolution understanding of how animals explore environments, yet frequently used exploration assays commonly ignore sensory acquisition as a measure for exploration. Echolocation is an active sensing system used by hundreds of mammal species, primarily bats. As echolocation call activity can be reliably quantified, bats present an excellent model system to investigate intraspecific variation in environmental cue sampling. Here, we developed an in situ roost-like novel environment assay for tree-roosting bats. We repeatedly tested 52 individuals of the migratory bat species, Pipistrellus nathusii, across 24 h, to examine the role of echolocation when crawling through a maze-type arena and test for consistent intraspecific variation in sensory-based exploration. We reveal a strong correlation between echolocation call activity and spatial activity. Moreover, we show that during the exploration of the maze, individuals consistently differed in spatial activity as well as echolocation call activity, given their spatial activity, a behavioral response we term 'acoustic exploration'. Acoustic exploration was correlated with other exploratory behaviors, but not with emergence latency. We here present a relevant new measure for exploration behavior and provide evidence for consistent (short-term) intra-specific variation in the level at which wild bats collect information from a novel environment.
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