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Schmidt NM, Hennig J, Munk AJL. Interplay between sexual excitation and inhibition: impact on sexual function and neural correlates of erotic stimulus processing in women. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1386006. [PMID: 38813468 PMCID: PMC11133591 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1386006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As outlined by the dual control model (DCM), individual differences in the regulation of sexual arousal following sexual stimulation depend on two distinct neurophysiological processes: sexual excitation (SE) and sexual inhibition (SI). Although associations with sexual function, behavior, and cue processing have been demonstrated in previous research, underlying neural correlates remain insufficiently explored. Moreover, interactive effects of SE/SI as proposed by the DCM, as well as factors impacting SE/SI properties, such as the use of oral contraceptives (OCs), have not received adequate attention in existing research. Methods 90 healthy, sexually active women (n = 51 using OCs, n = 39 naturally cycling) completed an Emotional-Picture-Stroop-Paradigm (EPSP) while a 64-channel EEG was recorded. LPP amplitudes toward erotic and neutral stimuli were consecutively computed as a marker of motivational salience and approach motivation. Additionally, women provided self-reports of SE/SI and sexual function. Moderation analyses were performed to assess interactive effects of SE/SI in predicting LPP amplitudes and sexual function. Results Sexual function was negatively associated with SI levels but unrelated to SE. Higher SI was associated with reduced LPP amplitudes in response to erotic stimuli. This negative association was, however, attenuated for women high in SE, suggesting interactive effects of SE/SI. Furthermore, women using OCs reported lower SE compared to naturally cycling women. Conclusion The observed findings provide additional psychophysiological evidence supporting the DCM and underscore the relevance of interactive SE/SI effects in stimulus processing and approach motivation. They also highlight the possible impact of OCs on psychosexual variables that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina M. Schmidt
- Department of Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Chan HO, Beech A. Risky Sexual Behavior and Psychopathy: Testing the Relationship in a Non-Clinical Sample of Young Adults in Hong Kong. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38392448 PMCID: PMC10885930 DOI: 10.3390/bs14020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between risky sexual behavior (RSB) and psychopathy in a non-clinical sample of 714 Hong Kong adults, shedding light on sex differences. Our findings reveal that males exhibit significantly higher mean levels of RSB (general, penetrative, and nonpenetrative), as well as egocentric (Factor 1) and callous (Factor 3) traits of psychopathy, along with increased sexual desire compared to females. Regression analyses indicate that elevated levels of antisociality (Factor 2) and callousness (Factor 3) traits of psychopathy, along with sexual desire, emerge as significant risk factors for engaging in general, penetrative, and nonpenetrative RSB. Intriguingly, higher age and being in a long-term relationship are associated with RSB. The implications of this study suggest potential avenues for reducing, if not entirely preventing, the inclination to engage in RSB in the presence of psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Oliver Chan
- Department of Social Policy, Sociology, and Criminology, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anthony Beech
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Janssen E, Bancroft J. The Dual Control Model of Sexual Response: A Scoping Review, 2009-2022. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:948-968. [PMID: 37267113 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2219247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Dual Control Model proposes that sexual arousal and related processes are dependent on the balance between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition, and that individuals vary in their propensity for these processes. This scoping review provides an overview and discussion of the questionnaires used to measure the propensities for sexual excitation and inhibition, their translation and validation in other languages, and their application in empirical research on topics ranging from sexual desire and arousal, sexual (dys)function, sexual risk taking, asexuality, hypersexuality, and sexual aggression. A total of 152 papers, published between 2009 and 2022 and identified using online databases, were included in this review. The findings, consistent with those reviewed by Bancroft et al. (2009), suggest that sexual excitation is particularly relevant to sexual desire and responsivity and predictive of asexuality and hypersexuality. Sexual inhibition plays a role in sexual dysfunction. sexual risk taking, and sexual aggression, although often in interaction with sexual excitation. Suggestions for the further development of the model and for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Janssen
- Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - John Bancroft
- Horspath, Oxfordshire, UK
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Wiese AL, Sease TB, Joseph ED, Becan JE, Knight K, Knight DK. Avoidance Self-Efficacy: Personal Indicators of Risky Sex and Substance Use among At-Risk Youth. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 147:106846. [PMID: 36844888 PMCID: PMC9957012 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent substance use (SU) is associated with risky sex behavior and sexually transmitted infections and is a risk factor for subsequent risky sex decisions. Based on a sample of 1,580 youth in residential SU treatment, this study investigated how a static factor (race) and two dynamic personal factors (risk-taking, assertiveness) contributed to adolescents' perceived ability to avoid high-risk SU and sex behavior (avoidance self-efficacy). Results showed that race correlated with risk-taking and assertiveness, with White youth reporting higher ratings of assertiveness and risk-taking. Self-reported assertiveness and risk-taking also predicted SU and risky sex avoidance. This study underscores the importance of race and personal factors in relation to adolescents' confidence in avoiding high-risk situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wiese
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, 3034 Sandage Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76109
| | - Thomas B Sease
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, 3034 Sandage Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76109
| | - Elizabeth D Joseph
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, 3034 Sandage Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76109
| | - Jennifer E Becan
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, 3034 Sandage Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76109
| | - Kevin Knight
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, 3034 Sandage Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76109
| | - Danica K Knight
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, 3034 Sandage Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76109
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The Risks and Benefits of Being “Early to Bed": Toward a Broader Understanding of Age at Sexual Debut and Sexual Health in Adulthood. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1343-1358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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López-Alvarado S, Prekatsounaki S, Van Parys H, Enzlin P. Sexual Assertiveness and Its Correlates in Emerging Adults: An Exploratory Study in Cuenca (Ecuador). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:679-690. [PMID: 38596386 PMCID: PMC10903662 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Sexual assertiveness (SA), i.e., the ability to communicate thoughts and desires that may be translated into satisfying sexual activity within an intimate relationship, is important for safe and satisfying sexual behavior. In an attempt to unravel which cultural, relational, and individual variables are related to the development of SA in emerging adults, an exploratory study was conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methods: Five hundred and thirty-eight participants completed scales that measured their levels of SA, endorsement of the sexual double standard, relationship satisfaction, and mental well-being. Results: This study showed a negative effect of the sexual double standard on SA in both men and women and this effect was slightly tempered by the level of education. Women reported higher levels of SA than men. In women, SA was associated with general mental well-being and relationship satisfaction; but not in men. For both women and men, no association was found with relationship status or duration. Conclusions: These findings corroborate evidence highlighting the importance of SA for healthy sexual relationships and emphasize the importance of (sex) education for SA for lower educated women and men. The results are discussed in relation to findings on SA in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Prekatsounaki
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanna Van Parys
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Enzlin
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- CeKSS-Center for Clinical Sexology and Sex Therapy, UPC KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Moyano N, Granados R, Durán CA, Galarza C. Self-Esteem, Attitudes toward Love, and Sexual Assertiveness among Pregnant Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1270. [PMID: 33572645 PMCID: PMC7908511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a stage of growth and development of great relevance. Unplanned teenage pregnancies can be considered a global public health problem due to the high impact on the present and future of these young people, as well as their possible offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness among pregnant and non-pregnant teenagers. We also considered whether their pregnancy was planned or not. The study was conducted with 225 women from Ecuador (34.2% pregnant; Mean age = 16; SD = 1.15). We administered self-reported measures such as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Love Attitudes Scale, and the Sexual Assertiveness Scale between 2018 and 2019. Self-esteem was higher in adolescents with a planned pregnancy than in those women whose pregnancy was not planned. Pregnant women reported greater acceptance and endorsement of beliefs related to the myth of "soulmate" in comparison to non-pregnant women. Sexual assertiveness related to the negotiation of the use of contraceptive methods was greater in non-pregnant adolescents than in pregnant girls. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of sexual education and prevention in the sex education field. This study shows differences in self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness between pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Moyano
- Department of Evolutionary and Education Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences Education, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Reina Granados
- Department of Nursey, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Galarza
- Independent Researchers, Guayaquil, Ecuador; (C.A.D.); (C.G.)
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Álvarez-Muelas A, Gómez-Berrocal C, Sierra JC. Study of Sexual Satisfaction in Different Typologies of Adherence to the Sexual Double Standard. Front Psychol 2021; 11:609571. [PMID: 33488475 PMCID: PMC7820393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sexual double standard (SDS) refers to the acceptance of different criteria to assess the same sexual behavior in men and women. To date, the few studies that have addressed the relationship between SDS and sexual satisfaction have obtained inconclusive results. In addition, no study has analyzed sexual satisfaction in people who maintain different forms of adherence to the SDS. This study establishes three SDS typologies of adherence (man-favorable, woman-favorable, egalitarian) in two areas of sexual behavior (sexual freedom and sexual shyness) to examine the predictive capacity of personal variables (age, social dominance orientation, propensity for sexual excitation/inhibition), interpersonal variables (relationship satisfaction) and social variables (gender norms about sexual behaviors) in sexual satisfaction. A sample of 1194 heterosexual adults (51.1% men, 48.8% women) aged between 18 and 87 years (M = 40.63; SD = 15.67), who had been in a relationship for more than 6 months, was evaluated. In men, the highest sexual satisfaction levels were obtained in the egalitarian typology in the sexual freedom area. In women, no significant differences were found between the typologies of adherence to the SDS. Regression models showed that relationship satisfaction was the main predictor of sexual satisfaction in all the typologies in both men and women. In addition, the predictive relationship of personal variables with sexual satisfaction varied according to gender and the SDS adherence type. The results show the importance of studying sexual satisfaction by taking into account not only the differences between men and women. Furthermore, it is essential to consider other differences between people; for example, the difference that derives from the way of psychologically internalizing attitude toward the SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Álvarez-Muelas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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