1
|
Gu Y, Kim J, Ma J, Guo H, Sano H, Chung HJ, Chua TBK, Chia MYH, Kim H. Isotemporal substitution of accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior and physical activity on physical fitness in young children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13544. [PMID: 38866868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different types of physical activity (PA) on the physical fitness (PF) of young children in Japan, with a particular focus on how substituting sedentary behavior (SB) with active behaviors influences PF. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1843 participants aged 3-6 years from northeastern Japan. Using triaxial accelerometers, we quantified PA, and PF was assessed via standardized tests. The innovative application of isotemporal substitution modeling (ISM) allowed us to analyze the impact of reallocating time from SB to more active states, specifically moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA). Our findings reveal a robust association between increased MVPA and enhanced PF outcomes, underscoring the health benefits of reducing SB. Notably, replacing SB with LPA also showed beneficial effects on certain PF metrics, indicating LPA's potential role in early childhood fitness. These results highlight the critical importance of promoting MVPA and minimizing sedentary periods to bolster PF in young children. The study offers vital insights for shaping public health policies and emphasizes the need to cultivate an active lifestyle from an early age to secure long-term health advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Korea
| | - Jiameng Ma
- Faculty of Sports Science, Sendai University, Miyagi, 9891693, Japan
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Hongzhi Guo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 3591192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sano
- Kindergardens Teacher Training College, Seitoku University, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan
| | - Ho Jin Chung
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Hyunshik Kim
- Faculty of Sports Science, Sendai University, Miyagi, 9891693, Japan.
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spring KE, Carroll AV, Wadsworth DD. The relationship in early childhood body composition and physical activity levels regarding fundamental motor skill development. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:461. [PMID: 37704949 PMCID: PMC10500867 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are considered essential for sport participation and might be deficit in obese children. While evidence indicates that physical activity (PA) levels impact motor skill development, the relationship between body composition, PA, and motor competence, particularly in early childhood, is not thoroughly understood. We aimed to determine if PA, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) are predictors of FMS. METHODS Preschoolers (n = 47) from two preschools were assessed for FMS, PA, and body composition. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) subscale scores were used to assess FMS. PA was assessed with a wrist-worn accelerometer for five days during school. FM and FFM were measured with foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS Linear regressions indicate significant models for stationary skills (SS) (F = 4.57, p = .004) and object manipulation skills (OMS) (F = 4.66, p = .003). FFM was the only significant predictor of SS (t = 3.98, p < .001) and OMS (t = 3.50, p = .001). FM and all intensities of PA were nonsignificant predictors in all models. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that interventions that target improving or maintaining FFM may improve FMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Spring
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Division of Population and Public Health Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suri M, Suri A, Kumar D, Patel R. A Systematic Review of the Long-Term Trajectory of Hemodynamics and Body Composition in Childhood Obesity. Cureus 2021; 13:e19504. [PMID: 34912641 PMCID: PMC8664398 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has long been cited as a significant risk factor for high blood pressure, with long-term exposure linked with an increased incidence of carotid artery atherosclerosis. However, as obesity is becoming more common in young-aged children, it is important to recognize combinational factors like lifestyle, socioeconomic, and genetic factors as a cause. Increasing weight during childhood, on the other hand, is a clinically significant challenge for many physicians. It is critical to identify these risk factors since early prevention (primordial prevention) or treatment (primary prevention) to reverse the potential risks is much more likely to be effective. The objective of this review was to explore the relationship between lifestyle, anthropometric, and genetic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors. We are hopeful that our findings may aid in the primary prevention of hypertension in children and the prevention of any related cardiovascular complications that may arise later in life as a result of obesity. The synthesis of this systematic review includes a total of 15 studies using defined criteria, published up to October 2021. In addition, a total of 2,397 articles were found through an initial electronic database search and included a total of 38,182 participants. Studies explored included one or more of the following cardiovascular risk factors: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). The findings of this study support the notion that childhood obesity may be a risk factor for a variety of adult cardiovascular disease risk factors. Several behavioral, genetic, and anthropometric factors are linked to the development of obesity during early ages, overall creating challenges in cardiovascular health during adulthood. As a result, addressing the risk factors for childhood hypertension would be advantageous for the primary prevention of its sequelae in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Suri
- Medicine-Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Anuj Suri
- Internal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, CAN
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Rohini Patel
- Internal Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Webster EK, Sur I, Stevens A, Robinson LE. Associations between body composition and fundamental motor skill competency in children. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:444. [PMID: 34629074 PMCID: PMC8504089 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence supports an inverse relationship between weight status and motor competence, but most work utilizes body mass index as the proxy for weight status. Body mass index fails to account for essential components of body composition, which may be critical for motor performance. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between fundamental motor skills competency and body composition (i.e., fat mass, fat percentage, and fatfree mass) as measured by bio-electrical impedance analysis and body mass index in children. Methods Two hundred forty-four children from the Southeastern portion of the United States participated in this project (6.05 ± 2.01 years, 53.3% male). Fundamental motor skills were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development – 2nd edition and body composition was assessed with the Tanita SC-331S Body Composition Analyzer (bio-electrical impedance analysis). Body mass index was calculated using CDC normative growth charts. Results Bio-electrical impedance analysis measures accounted for 23.1%, F(3, 241) = 24.10, p < .001 and 2.7%, F(3, 241) = 2.22, p = .086 variance in locomotor and object control subscales, respectively; body mass index accounted for 8.4% (locomotor) and 0.1% (object control) variance. For the Test of Gross Motor Development -2nd edition total score, bio-electrical impedance analysis measures accounted for 24.4% F(3, 241) = 25.90, p < .001 compared to body mass index which accounted for 7.9% F(1, 244) = 20.86, p < .001 of the variance. Only fat free mass (p < .001) was a significant predictor for locomotor skills and total models for the Test of Gross Motor Development – 2nd edition; BMI was also a significant predictor (p < .001) in both the locomotor and total models. Conclusions Different components of body composition (i.e., fat free mass) were associated with different aspects of fundamental motor skills competency. Excess body fat may be a morphological constraint to proficient locomotor performance when transporting the body through space. In contrast, body composition did not significantly predict object manipulation performance. More work is needed to understand the causality and directionality of this relationship; however, bio-electrical impedance analysis accounts for more variance in fundamental motor skills performance than body mass index in a field-based setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kipling Webster
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Indica Sur
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| | - Alicia Stevens
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Leah E Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Liu C, Guo D, Wang N, Zhao Y, Li D. Effect of childhood overweight on distal metaphyseal radius fractures treated by closed reduction. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:182. [PMID: 33691732 PMCID: PMC7944895 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medical community has recognized overweight as an epidemic negatively affecting a large proportion of the pediatric population, but few studies have been performed to investigate the relationship between overweight and failure of conservative treatment for distal radius fractures (DRFs). This study was performed to investigate the effect of overweight on the outcome of conservative treatment for DRFs in children. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of children with closed displaced distal metaphyseal radius fractures in our hospital from January 2015 to May 2020. Closed reduction was initially performed; if closed reduction failed, surgical treatment was performed. Patients were followed up regularly after treatment, and redisplacement was diagnosed on the basis of imaging findings. Potential risk factors for redisplacement were collected and analyzed. RESULTS In total, 142 children were included in this study. The final reduction procedure failed in 21 patients, all of whom finally underwent surgical treatment. The incidences of failed final reduction and fair reduction were significantly higher in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal-weight group (P = 0.046 and P = 0.041, respectively). During follow-up, 32 (26.4%) patients developed redisplacement after closed reduction and cast immobilization. The three risk factors associated with the incidence of redisplacement were overweight/obesity [odds ratio (OR), 2.149; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.320-3.498], an associated ulnar fracture (OR, 2.127; 95% CI, 1.169-3.870), and a three-point index of ≥ 0.40 (OR, 3.272; 95% CI, 1.975-5.421). CONCLUSIONS Overweight increases the risk of reduction failure and decreases the reduction effect. Overweight children were two times more likely to develop redisplacement than normal-weight children in the present study. Thus, overweight children may benefit from stricter clinical follow-up and perhaps a lower threshold for surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|