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Yin S, Yang X, Li H, Li C, Li C, Chen C, Ye S, Zou L, Liang S, Liu S. P2Y 13 receptor involved in HIV-1 gp120 induced neuropathy in superior cervical ganglia through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109818. [PMID: 38142931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is common; however, its mechanism remains unknown. The current work attempted to explore the function and mechanism of the P2Y13 receptor in HIV-glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-induced neuropathy in cervical sympathetic ganglion. The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the male SD rat was coated with HIV-gp120 to establish a model of autonomic neuropathy. In each group, we measured heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, sympathetic nerve discharge and cardiac function. The expression of P2Y13 mRNA and protein in the SCG was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Additionally, this study focused on identifying the protein levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, Gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the SCG using western blotting and immunofluorescence. In gp120 rats, increased blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, P2Y13 receptor levels and decreased cardiac function could be found. P2Y13 shRNA or MRS2211 inhibited the above mentioned changes induced by gp120, suggesting that the P2Y13 receptor may be engaged in gp120-induced sympathetic nerve injury. Moreover, the levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β and IL-18 in the gp120 group were increased, while significantly decreased by P2Y13 shRNA or MRS2211. Therefore, the P2Y13 receptor is involved in gp120-induced sympathetic neuropathy, and its molecular mechanism shows an association with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, followed by GSDMD formation along with the release of inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-18. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Yin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China; Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xuexuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Basic medicine, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Chengxu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Shang Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Marry Queen, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Center of Hematology, the 1st affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China; Institute of Hematology, Academy of Clinical Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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Kileel EM, Zheng A, Bor J, Fox MP, Crowther NJ, George JA, Khoza S, Rosen S, Venter WDF, Raal F, Hibberd P, Brennan AT. Does Engagement in HIV Care Affect Screening, Diagnosis, and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:591-608. [PMID: 38300475 PMCID: PMC10876721 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries are facing a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Providing HIV treatment may provide opportunities to increase access to NCD services in under-resourced environments. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with increased screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control of diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A comprehensive search of electronic literature databases for studies published between 01 January 2011 and 31 December 2022 yielded 26 studies, describing 13,570 PLWH in SSA, 61% of whom were receiving ART. Random effects models were used to calculate summary odds ratios (ORs) of the risk of diagnosis by ART status and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), where appropriate. ART use was associated with a small but imprecise increase in the odds of diabetes diagnosis (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.71, 1.60) and an increase in the odds of hypertension diagnosis (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.42, 3.09). We found minimal data on the association between ART use and screening, treatment, or control of NCDs. Despite a potentially higher NCD risk among PLWH and regional efforts to integrate NCD and HIV care, evidence to support effective care integration models is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Kileel
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amy Zheng
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Bor
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Matthew P Fox
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaya A George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Siyabonga Khoza
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sydney Rosen
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Willem D F Venter
- Wits Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frederick Raal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patricia Hibberd
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alana T Brennan
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pan S, Bai J. Factors influencing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography of people living with HIV in Kunming, China. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:122-129. [PMID: 37776298 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231204635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy has prolonged the survival of people living with HIV (PLWH). Among these patients, co-existing cardiovascular diseases, particularly left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), are receiving increasing attention. METHODS We recruited 386 patients in the PLWH group and 386 sex- and age (± 3 years)-matched individuals in the HIV-negative group, and used logistic regression to determine the risk factors of LVDD. RESULTS Compared to the HIV-negative group, PLWH had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking (p < .001), alcohol consumption (p < .001), hypertension (p = .002), diabetes (p = .020), and hyperlipidemia (p < .001) and a lower prevalence of body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 (p < .001). The prevalence of LVDD on echocardiography was significantly higher in PLWH than in the HIV-negative group (25.9% vs 16.1%, p = .001). The multivariate analysis showed that non-youth (OR = 8.666; 95%CI = 4.310-17.459; p < .001), BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 (OR = 1.992; 95% CI = 1.007-3.939; p = .048), hypertension (OR = 1.888; 95% CI = 1.044-3.415; p = .036), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.911; 95% CI = 1.068-3.418; p = .029), and HIV infection (OR = 2.003; 95%CI = 1.341-2.992; p = .001) were risk factors for LVDD. CONCLUSION The rate of echocardiographic abnormalities was higher in PLWH. LVDD was associated with non-youth, BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuishui Pan
- AIDS Prevention and Control Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Infectious Disease Department, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinsong Bai
- Infectious Disease Department, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ali MW, Ayanbisi I, Adamu S, Saad FK, Musa MS, Ayoola YA. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with HIV. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:1206-1211. [PMID: 36255193 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221132626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of significant weight gain/obesity associated with recently adopted antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to be particularly higher among the black race, and female gender compared to their male counterparts. Herein, we evaluated and compared subclinical CVD risk between apparently healthy obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and age matched normal BMI (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) women with HIV (WWH) on ART. METHODS This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of adult (≥18 years) WWH. Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography and doppler imaging parameters, lipid profile, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measures were compared between the two groups. Multivariable regression analysis was done to determine independent variables. RESULT A total of 60 WWH were evaluated, 30 participants in each group. The mean age of the participants and duration on ART was 36.26 ± 5.71 and 10.23 ± 5.04 (years) respectively. Measured hsCRP, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins were significantly (p = 0.002, p = 0.044, and p = 0.016 respectively) elevated in the obese group. Obese WWH had higher left atrial diameter, left atrial volume, left atrial area, aortic diameter, left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), intraventricular septum in systole/diastole, left ventricular posterior wall in diastole and systole (p < 0.001, p = 0.018, p = 0.004, p = 0.025, p < 0.001, p = 0.019/p < 0.001, p = 0.020, and p = 0.021 respectively). On multivariable regression analysis, the measured serum biomarker hsCRP and the echocardiographic variables LVM and LVMI were independently associated (p = 0.02, p = 0.001 and p = 0.022 respectively) with BMI. CONCLUSION Obese WWH had higher biomarkers of CVDs and alterations in left ventricular structure that may increase their risk for adverse cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed W Ali
- College of Medical Sciences, 475041Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, 291499Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Ayanbisi
- Department of Medicine, 291499Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Simon Adamu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Fadimatu K Saad
- Department of Medicine, 291499Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad S Musa
- Department of Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Yekeen A Ayoola
- College of Medical Sciences, 475041Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, 291499Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
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Wu KC, Woldu B, Post WS, Hays AG. Prevention of heart failure, tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2022; 17:261-269. [PMID: 35938459 PMCID: PMC9365326 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art literature on the epidemiology, disease progression, and mediators of heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death in people living with HIV (PLWH) to inform prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies corroborate the role of HIV as a risk enhancer for heart failure and arrhythmias, which persists despite adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and unhealthy behaviors. Immune activation and inflammation contribute to the risk. Heart failure occurs more frequently at younger ages, and among women and ethnic minorities living with HIV, highlighting disparities. Prospective outcome studies remain sparse in PLWH limiting prevention approaches. However, subclinical cardiac and electrophysiologic remodeling and dysfunction detected by noninvasive testing are powerful disease surrogates that inform our mechanistic understanding of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease and offer opportunities for early diagnosis. SUMMARY Aggressive control of HIV viremia and cardiac risk factors and abstinence from unhealthy behaviors remain treatment pillars to prevent heart failure and arrhythmic complications. The excess risk among PLWH warrants heightened vigilance for heart failure and arrhythmic symptomatology and earlier testing as subclinical abnormalities are common. Future research needs include identifying novel therapeutic targets to prevent heart failure and arrhythmias and testing of interventions in diverse groups of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Wu
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bethel Woldu
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Baltimore, MD
- MedStar Georgetown University, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington DC
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allison G. Hays
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD
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Wagle A, Goerlich E, Post WS, Woldu B, Wu KC, Hays AG. HIV and Global Cardiovascular Health. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1149-1157. [PMID: 35802233 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Because of effective combination antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer but developing chronic age-related conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical considerations of CVD in PLWH from a global perspective. RECENT FINDINGS PLWH are at greater risk for CVD at chronologically younger ages than those without HIV. Potential underlying mechanisms for CVD in PLWH include systemic inflammation, comorbidities, immune-mediated, or treatment-related mechanisms. There is also risk factor variation based on geographical location, including non-traditional CVD risk factors. CVD is prevalent in PLWH and increasing on a global scale. Further understanding the unique epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment of CVD in this population will improve the care of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Wagle
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin Goerlich
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bethel Woldu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA.,MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, MedStar Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison G Hays
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Owusu IK, Wiafe YA, Opoku S, Anto EO, Acheamfour-Akowuah E. Cardiac Abnormalities of People Living with HIV: A Comparative Study Between HAART Experience and Treatment Naïve Groups in Ghana. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5849-5859. [PMID: 35791316 PMCID: PMC9250786 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study determined electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities of people living with HIV (PLWHIV); comparing the findings of PLWHIV on HAART versus treatment naïve groups. Patients and Methods In a prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited 157 PLWHIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and 28 HAART naïve PLWHIV. Clinical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed on study participants at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana. Sociodemographic data and information about the use of HAART or otherwise was obtained. The Chi and Fisher Exact tests were used to find the significance of difference in proportions of abnormalities between PLWHIV on HAART and treatment naïve groups. Statistical analyses were performed on SPSS version 25.0 and GraphPad Prism version 8.0. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results Echocardiographic abnormalities in the HAART and treatment naïve groups were 54.1% and 60.7%, respectively. Electrographic abnormalities in the HAART and treatment naïve groups were 45.9% and 50%, respectively. Sinus bradycardia was the most prevalent ECG abnormality in the treatment naïve. Nonspecific T-wave changes (36.1%) and sinus tachycardia (30.6%) were the most common ECG abnormalities seen in HAART treated group. The common echocardiographic abnormalities were pulmonary hypertension (22.7%), pericardial effusion (22.2%) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (17.8%). There was no significant difference in the proportions of echocardiographic abnormalities between PLWHIV on HAART and the treatment naïve groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Cardiac abnormalities are common in PLWHIV regardless of treatment with HAART. Echocardiographic and electrographic assessments are highly recommended for all PLWHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kofi Owusu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Amo Wiafe
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheamfour-Akowuah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Hoffman RM, Chibwana F, Banda BA, Kahn D, Gama K, Boas ZP, Chimombo M, Kussen C, Currier JS, Namarika D, van Oosterhout J, Phiri S, Moses A, Currier JW, Sigauke H, Moucheraud C, Canan T. High rate of left ventricular hypertrophy on screening echocardiography among adults living with HIV in Malawi. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-002026. [PMID: 35649574 PMCID: PMC9161066 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on structural heart disease among people living with HIV in southern Africa, where the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically improved life expectancy and where risk factors for cardiovascular disease are prevalent. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of screening echocardiography among adults (≥18 years) with HIV in Malawi presenting for routine ART care. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate correlates of abnormal echocardiogram. RESULTS A total of 202 individuals were enrolled with a median age of 45 years (IQR 39-52); 52% were female, and 27.7% were on antihypertensive medication. The most common clinically significant abnormality was left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (12.9%, n=26), and other serious structural heart lesions were rare (<2% with ejection fraction less than 40%, moderate-severe valve lesions or moderate-severe pericardial effusion). Characteristics associated with abnormal echocardiogram included older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), higher body mass index (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17), higher mean systolic blood pressure (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05) and higher mean diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05). In a multivariable model including age, duration on ART, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, only mean body mass index (adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.19), systolic blood pressure (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.08) and diastolic blood pressure (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.00) remained associated with abnormal echocardiogram. CONCLUSIONS LVH was common in this population of adults on ART presenting for routine care and was associated with elevated blood pressure. Further research is needed to characterise the relationship between chronic hypertension, LVH and downstream consequences, such as diastolic dysfunction and heart failure in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa M Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Kahn
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Zachary P Boas
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Joep van Oosterhout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | - Jesse W Currier
- VA West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Corrina Moucheraud
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tim Canan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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