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Xiao Y, He J, Guo X, Zheng X, Zhu Z, Zhou Q, Liao X, Chen D. Transcriptomic profiling revealed immune-related signaling pathways in response to experimental infection of Leishmania donovani in two desert lizards from Northwest China. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105173. [PMID: 38548000 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the immune response of lizards to Leishmania parasties. In this study, we conducted the first liver transcriptome analysis of two lizards (Phrynocephalus przewalskii and Eremias multiocellata) challenged with L. donovani, endemic to the steppe desert region of northwestern China. Our results revealed that multiple biological processes and immune-related signaling pathways are closely associated with the immune response to experimental L. donovani infection in the two lizards, and that both lizards show similar changes to mammals in terms of immunity to Leishmania. However, the interspecific divergence of the two lizards leads to different transcriptomic changes. In particular, in contrast to P. przewalskii, the challenged E. mutltiocellata was characterized by the induction of down-regulation of most DEGs. These findings will contribute to the scarce resources on lizard immunity and provide a reference for further research on immune mechanisms in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Cao XD, Huang YL, Chen JS, Liao CS. Molecular surveillance of Helicobacter species with high prevalence from two streams with various wastewater pollution in Taiwan. One Health 2024; 18:100757. [PMID: 38803321 PMCID: PMC11128502 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter species are potential zoonotic pathogens classified as either enterohepatic or gastric. Helicobacter infection can be transmitted through wastewater from households and livestock and through water from irrigation and streams. In this study, the distribution and source of Helicobacter species in the Donggang and Yenshui rivers, two natural water bodies with different characteristics, were analyzed. A total of 44 water samples were collected over the four seasons. The samples were subjected to Helicobacter 16 s rRNA gene PCR, followed by sequencing and comparison for identification and analysis. The detection rate of Helicobacter species in both rivers was 79.55%, with H. kayseriensis (10/35, 28.57%) being the most common species. Analysis of the environment around the sampling sites showed a high detection rate in the livestock-rich area, and the results of BLAST for species identification and comparison indicated feces as the contamination source. The area around the Donggang River was developed for animal husbandry, led to a high detection rate of Helicobacter species. Many Helicobacter species were identified to have a risk of zoonotic transmission, especially if the stream is used as a source of drinking, agricultural, or even aquacultural water. The high presence of Helicobacter species in natural water bodies suggests that wastewater treatment is an effective strategy to control pathogen spread. Therefore, investigation and monitoring of pathogens in wastewater are highly important. However, methods for the isolation and culture of Helicobacter species in natural waters have yet to be developed. Hence, future research should focus on developing such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Di Cao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840203, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sen Liao
- Department of Medical Science & Biotechnology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
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Calle PP, McClave C, Ingerman K, Nightingale BR, Jamieson J, Seimon TA, Harding L. HELICOBACTER SCREENING OF GRAND CAYMAN BLUE IGUANA ( CYCLURA LEWISI) AND NORTH ANTILLEAN SLIDER ( TRACHEMYS DECUSSATA ANGUSTA) ON GRAND CAYMAN, CAYMAN ISLANDS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:332-335. [PMID: 37428696 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endemic Grand Cayman or blue iguana (Cyclura lewisi) is endangered. Beginning in 2015 significant morbidity and mortality occurred in captive and wild blue iguanas within Grand Cayman's Queen Elizabeth II Botanic Park (QEIIBP). Investigation identified a novel Helicobacter sp., provisionally named Helicobacter sp. Grand Cayman Blue Iguana 1 (GCBI1), as the cause. Invasive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) are believed to play a role in GCBI1 transmission to the blue iguana; however, the origin and transmission pathways have not been determined. To assess the likelihood of blue iguanas asymptomatically harboring GCBI1, in May 2022 population-level screening of captive blue iguanas at QEIIBP was conducted on half (n = 102) of the captive blue iguana population (n = 201) including half of each age class. Helicobacter sp. GCBI1 is closely related to a chelonian Helicobacter sp. and 10 sympatric wild north Antillean sliders (Trachemys decussata angusta) were sampled in October 2019. Combined choana/cloacal swabs were screened by a GCBI1-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. All samples were negative, suggesting that GCBI1 is not present asymptomatically in the captive blue iguana population or in north Antillean sliders. These results provide support for the hypothesis that GCBI1 is periodically introduced to captive and wild blue iguanas from another species or source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Calle
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA,
| | - Catherine McClave
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Karen Ingerman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Batya R Nightingale
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Joseph Jamieson
- The National Trust for the Cayman Islands, Blue Iguana Conservation, Grand Cayman KY1-1205, Cayman Islands
| | - Tracie A Seimon
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Zoological Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Luke Harding
- The National Trust for the Cayman Islands, Blue Iguana Conservation, Grand Cayman KY1-1205, Cayman Islands
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Chan N, Shen Z, Mannion A, Kurnick S, Popescu IS, Burton FJ, Calle PP, Fox JG. Helicobacter cyclurae sp. Nov., Isolated From Endangered Blue Iguanas (Cyclura lewisi). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.676682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue iguanas (Cyclura lewisi) are endangered reptiles found only on Grand Cayman. Previously, DNA for a novel Helicobacter species GCBI1 was detected in sick and dead iguanas. In the current study, fecal and cloacal swab samples were obtained from 25 iguanas. Through molecular and microbiological techniques, a novel Helicobacter species was cultured from feces and characterized, for whom we propose the name Helicobacter cyclurae. This novel helicobacter had a prevalence of 56% by PCR and 20% by culture in samples analyzed. The type strain MIT 16-1353 was catalase, oxidase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase positive. By electron microscopy, H. cyclurae has a curved rod morphology and a single sheathed polar flagellum. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA, gyrB, and hsp60 indicated that these strains were most closely related to Helicobacter sp. 12502256-12 previously isolated from lizards. H. cyclurae has a 1.91-Mb genome with a GC content of 33.37%. There were 1,969 genes with four notable virulence genes: high temperature requirement-A protein-secreted serine protease, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, fibronectin/fibrinogen binding protein, and neutrophil-activating protein. Whole-genome phylogeny, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA–DNA hybridization analysis confirmed that H. cyclurae is a novel species, and the first helicobacter cultured and characterized from blue iguanas.
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Desiderio TM, Stacy NI, Ossiboff RJ, Iredale M, Archer LL, Alexander AB, Heard DJ, Crevasse SE, Craft WF, Fredholm DVE, Donnelly KA, Rosenberg JF, Childress AL, Russell K, Wellehan JFX. Identification of a novel mortality-associated Helicobacter species in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), qPCR test development and validation, and correlation with mortality in a wildlife rehabilitation population. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109136. [PMID: 34214906 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Helicobacter includes spiral-shaped bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria, class Epsilonproteobacteria, order Campylobacteriales, that have been associated with disease in animals, including reptiles. Three wild gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) index cases presented between 2012 and 2019 with nasal discharge, lethargy, and weight loss. Cytological examination of nasal discharge from all 3 tortoises identified marked heterophilic and mild histiocytic rhinitis with abundant extracellular and phagocytized spiral shaped bacteria that stained positive with Warthin-Starry stain. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed this to be a novel Helicobacter species. Two tortoises died despite treatment attempts, and the third was moribund and was euthanized. Histological examination of the nasal mucosa (n = 3) showed granulocytic to lymphocytic rhinitis with variable mucosal hyperplasia, erosion, and ulceration; Warthin-Starry staining highlighted the presence of spiral bacteria in the untreated tortoise. Genus-specific primers were designed, and the gyrA and groEL genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this organism and other previously characterized Helicobacter from tortoises form a clade. Development and cross-validation of two qPCR diagnostic assays for the gyrA and groEL genes showed significant correlation of the results of two assays (P < 0.0001). These assays were used to survey nasal wash samples from 31 rehabilitating gopher tortoises. Mortality of tortoises significantly correlated with higher Helicobacter loads detected by qPCR (P = 0.028). Appropriate quarantine protocols for tortoises during rehabilitation should consider this organism. Upper respiratory disease in tortoises may involve complex microbial ecology; factors beyond Mycoplasmopsis (Mycoplasma) agassizii should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha M Desiderio
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Marley Iredale
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Linda L Archer
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Amy B Alexander
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Darryl J Heard
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah E Crevasse
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - William F Craft
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Daniel V E Fredholm
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kyle A Donnelly
- Brevard Zoo and Sea Turtle Healing Center, Melbourne, FL, 32940, USA
| | - Justin F Rosenberg
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - April L Childress
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kathy Russell
- Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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