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Hong H, Ye Z, Lu G, Feng K, Zhang M, Sun X, Han Z, Jiang S, Wu B, Yin X, Xu S, Li J, Xin X. Characterisation of a Novel Insect-Specific Virus Discovered in Rice Thrips, Haplothrips aculeatus. INSECTS 2024; 15:303. [PMID: 38786859 PMCID: PMC11122063 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Insects constitute the largest proportion of animals on Earth and act as significant reservoirs and vectors in disease transmission. Rice thrips (Haplothrips aculeatus, family Phlaeothripidae) are one of the most common pests in agriculture. In this study, the full genome sequence of a novel Ollusvirus, provisionally named "Rice thrips ollusvirus 1" (RTOV1), was elucidated using transcriptome sequencing and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). A homology search and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the newly identified virus is a member of the family Aliusviridae (order Jingchuvirales). The genome of RTOV1 contains four predicted open reading frames (ORFs), including a polymerase protein (L, 7590 nt), a glycoprotein (G, 4206 nt), a nucleocapsid protein (N, 2415 nt) and a small protein of unknown function (291 nt). All of the ORFs are encoded by the complementary genome, suggesting that the virus is a negative-stranded RNA virus. Phylogenetic analysis using polymerase sequences suggested that RTOV1 was closely related to ollusvirus 1. Deep small RNA sequencing analysis reveals a significant accumulation of small RNAs derived from RTOV1, indicating that the virus replicated in the insect. According to our understanding, this is the first report of an Ollusvirus identified in a member of the insect family Phlaeothripidae. The characterisation and discovery of RTOV1 is a significant contribution to the understanding of Ollusvirus diversity in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Zhuangxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Gang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kehui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Zhilei Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Xiao Yin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Shuai Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiangqi Xin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.H.); (S.X.)
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Li H, Linghu T, Chen Y, Tian H, Lin S, Zheng X, Wei H. The Infection Route of Tomato Zonate Spot Virus in the Digestive System of Its Insect Vector Frankliniella occidentalis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911751. [PMID: 35836419 PMCID: PMC9274000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) is a phytopathogen of the genus Orthotospovirus (Bunyaviridae) that is widespread in many areas of Southwest China. TZSV is mainly transmitted by Frankliniella occidentalis, but its exact infection route remains unclear. To explore this issue, we detected the nucleocapsid protein of TZSV in the digestive systems of first-instar F. occidentalis nymphs fed with TZSV-infected pepper leaves. TZSV infection in the F. occidentalis digestive system begins within 4 h post-first access to diseased plants: The foregut is likely the primary site of infection, and primary salivary glands (PSGs) are the destination. There are three potential routes for TZSV transmission from the alimentary canal to the PSGs: (1) virus dissemination from the midgut to hemocoel followed by movement to the PSGs; (2) accumulation in midgut epithelial cells and arrival at PSGs via tubular salivary glands and efferent ducts; and (3) arrival at epitheliomuscular cells of the forepart of the midgut and movement along the ligament to the PSGs. We tested the transmission efficiency of F. occidentalis in second-instar nymphs and female and male adults. TZSV was transmitted in a persistent-propagative mode by both nymphs and adults, with adults appearing to show slightly higher transmission efficiency than nymphs. We confirmed the presence of all three routes for TZSV transmission in F. occidentalis and determined that like other Orthotospoviruses, TZSV is transmitted in a persistent-propagative manner. These results should facilitate the control of TZSV-related diseases and further our understanding of the transmission biology of Orthotospoviruses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Linghu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Houjun Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wei,
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Mahanta DK, Jangra S, Priti, Ghosh A, Sharma PK, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Baranwal VK, Kalia VK, Chander S. Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Modulates the Expression of Innate Immune, Endocytosis, and Cuticle Development-Associated Genes to Circulate and Propagate in Its Vector, Thrips palmi. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:773238. [PMID: 35369489 PMCID: PMC8969747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.773238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the predominant tospovirus vector in Asia-Pacific region. It transmits economically damaging groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV, family Tospoviridae) in a persistent propagative manner. Thrips serve as the alternate host, and virus reservoirs making tospovirus management very challenging. Insecticides and host plant resistance remain ineffective in managing thrips–tospoviruses. Recent genomic approaches have led to understanding the molecular interactions of thrips–tospoviruses and identifying novel genetic targets. However, most of the studies are limited to Frankliniella species and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Amidst the limited information available on T. palmi–tospovirus relationships, the present study is the first report of the transcriptome-wide response of T. palmi associated with GBNV infection. The differential expression analyses of the triplicate transcriptome of viruliferous vs. nonviruliferous adult T. palmi identified a total of 2,363 (1,383 upregulated and 980 downregulated) significant transcripts. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed the abundance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in innate immune response, endocytosis, cuticle development, and receptor binding and signaling that mediate the virus invasion and multiplication in the vector system. Also, the gene regulatory network (GRN) of most significant DEGs showed the genes like ABC transporter, cytochrome P450, endocuticle structural glycoprotein, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, heat shock protein 70, larval and pupal cuticle proteins, nephrin, proline-rich protein, sperm-associated antigen, UHRF1-binding protein, serpin, tyrosine–protein kinase receptor, etc., were enriched with higher degrees of interactions. Further, the expression of the candidate genes in response to GBNV infection was validated in reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). This study leads to an understanding of molecular interactions between T. palmi and GBNV and suggests potential genetic targets for generic pest control.
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Li J, Chen S, Qiu RS, Zhang LZ, Chen Y, Zheng X, Li TT, Zhao LH, Zhang ZK. Functional analysis of the nonstructural protein NSs of tomato zonate spot virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262194. [PMID: 35073345 PMCID: PMC8786149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV), a member of the genus orthotospovirus, causes severe damage to vegetables and ornamental crops in southwest China. The NSs protein is an RNA silencing suppressor in various orthotospovirus like TZSV, but its mechanism and role in virus infection are poorly understood. Here, we observed that an NSs-GFP fusion protein was transiently expressed on the plasma membrane and Golgi bodies in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The TZSV NSs gene was silenced and infiltrated into N. benthamiana and N. tabacum cv. K326. RT-qPCR and Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ID-ELISA) showed that the transcription and the protein expression of the NSs gene were inhibited by more than 90.00%, and the symptoms on silenced plants were alleviated. We also found that the expression of the Zingipain-2-like gene significantly decreased when the NSs gene was silenced, resulting in co-localization of the NSs-GFP and the Zingipain-2-like-mCherry fusion protein. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of silencing suppression by NSs, as well as its effect on systemic virus infection, and also support the theory of disease resistance breeding and control and prevention of TZSV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Si Chen
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Run-Shuang Qiu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Zhen Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Kormelink R, Verchot J, Tao X, Desbiez C. The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts. Viruses 2021; 13:842. [PMID: 34066457 PMCID: PMC8148189 DOI: 10.3390/v13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order Bunyavirales. This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (Tospoviridae), tenuiviruses (Phenuiviridae), and emaraviruses (Fimoviridae), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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