Molecular genetic study on GATA5 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction

Uncovering potential diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on machine learning and analyzing its relationship with immune cells

BACKGROUND

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to mine biomarkers associated with AMI to aid in clinical diagnosis and management.

METHODS

All mRNA and miRNA data were downloaded from public database. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified using the metaMA and limma packages, respectively. Functional analysis of the DEmRNAs was performed. In order to explore the relationship between miRNA and mRNA, we construct miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory network. Potential biomarkers were identified based on machine learning. Subsequently, ROC and immune correlation analysis were performed on the identified key DEmRNA biomarkers.

RESULTS

According to the false discovery rate < 0.05, 92 DEmRNAs and 272 DEmiRNAs were identified. GSEA analysis found that kegg_peroxisome was up-regulated in AMI and kegg_steroid_hormone_biosynthesis was down-regulated in AMI compared to normal controls. 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were identified based on machine learning, and classification diagnostic models were constructed. The random forests (RF) model has the highest accuracy. This indicates that RF model has high diagnostic value and may contribute to the early diagnosis of AMI. ROC analysis found that the area under curve of 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were all greater than 0.7. Pearson correlation analysis showed that 5 key DEmRNA biomarkers were correlated with most of the differential infiltrating immune cells.

CONCLUSION

The identification of new molecular biomarkers provides potential research directions for exploring the molecular mechanism of AMI. Furthermore, it is important to explore new diagnostic genetic biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.

Overexpression of GATA5 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression by Regulating PLAGL2 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT Pathway

Simple Summary

Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence of malignant tumors and is the second-ranked tumor-causing death of men. GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) belongs to the GATA gene family and we found that GATA5 was downregulated in PCa tissues, but the function of GATA5 in PCa remains elusive. We found overexpression GATA5 inhibited tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and upregulation of GATA5 promoted PCa cell apoptosis. In addition, we disclosed that GATA5 could interact with pleomorphic adenoma gene-like-2 (PLAGL2) to regulate PCa cell growth via FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Hence, these findings suggested that GATA5 could serve as a new therapeutic target in the future.

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy with high incidence and the principal cause of cancer deaths in men. GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) belongs to the GATA gene family. GATA5 has a close association with carcinogenesis, but the role of GATA5 in PCa remains poorly understood. The aim of our present study was to probe into the effect of GATA5 on PCa progression and to elucidate the involved mechanism. Methods: The expression of GATA5 was detected in both PCa samples and PCa cell lines. GATA5 overexpression, PLAGL2 knockdown, and overexpression cell models were generated, then Western blotting experiments were utilized to validate the efficiency of transfection. The effects of GATA5 on PCa cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and EMT were detected in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the mechanism by which GATA5 inhibits prostate cancer progression through regulating PLAGL2 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway was also explored. Results: GATA5 expression was downregulated in PCa samples and cell lines. GATA5 overexpression inhibited PCa cell proliferation and metastasis but increased the rate of apoptosis. In addition, we confirmed that GATA5 inhibited prostate cancer progression, including EMT, by regulating PLAGL2 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion: We demonstrated that GATA5, as a tumor suppressor in PCa, inhibits PCa progression by regulating PLAGL2. These results showed that the GATA5/PLAGL2/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway may become a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of PCa.

GATA binding protein 5-mediated transcriptional activation of transmembrane protein 100 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer DU145 cells

It has been reported that transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) acts as a tumor regulator in several types of cancers. However, whether the expression of TMEM100 is associated with the development and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) remains elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to uncover the role of GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5)-mediated activation of TMEM100 in the proliferation, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells. The expressions of TMEM100 and GATA5 in PCa patients were analyzed by the GEPIA database. The binding site of GATA5 and TMEM100 promoter was predicted by the JASPAR database. Expressions of TMEM100 and GATA5 in PCa cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit 8 and colony formation assays were performed to measure cell proliferation. In addition, cell migration, invasion and the expression of EMT-associated proteins were evaluated using wound healing, transwell assay and Western blotting assays, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that TMEM100 was downregulated in PCa and was associated with overall survival of PCa. In addition, TMEM10 overexpression attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in PCa cells. The interaction between TMEM100 and GATA5 was verified using dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, the results showed that GATA5 was downregulated and GATA5 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of TMEM10 on PCa cells. Overall, the current study suggested that the GATA5-mediated transcriptional activation of TMEM100 could affect the behavior of PCa cells and was associated with poor prognosis in PCa.

NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block

We intended to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac conduction block inducted by urea transporter (UT)-B deletion at the transcriptome level. The heart tissues were harvested from UT-B null mice and age-matched wild-type mice for lncRNA sequencing analysis. Based on the sequencing data, the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and lncRNAs (DELs) between UT-B knockout and control groups were identified, followed by function analysis and mRNA-lncRNA co-expression analysis. The miRNAs were predicted, and then the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. UT-B deletion results in the aberrant expression of 588 lncRNAs and 194 mRNAs. These DEMs were significantly enriched in the inflammation-related pathway. A lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and a ceRNA network were constructed on the basis of the DEMs and DELs. The complement 7 (C7)-NONMMUT137216.1 co-expression pair had the highest correlation coefficient in the co-expression network. NONMMUT140591.1 had the highest degree in the ceRNA network and was involved in the ceRNA of NONMMUT140591.1-mmu-miR-298-5p-Gata5 (GATA binding protein 5). UT-B deletion may promote cardiac conduction block via inflammatory process. The ceRNA NONMMUT140591.1-mmu-miR-298-5p-Gata5 may be a potential molecular mechanism of UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block.