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Sever ÖN, Başoğlu T, Yıldırım S. Relationship of Tumor Localization and Lipid Parameters with Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2025; 14:1302. [PMID: 40004832 PMCID: PMC11856523 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a global health challenge. Metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, have been linked to CRC progression, yet the relationship between lipid profiles, tumor location, and survival outcomes remains controversial. This study investigates the association between blood lipid parameters, tumor localization, and survival in CRC patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 126 CRC patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2024 at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital. Patients with comorbidities affecting lipid metabolism or who were on lipid-lowering drugs were excluded. Clinical, pathological, and lipid data, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were analyzed. Tumor location was categorized as right-sided or left-sided. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated with a statistical analysis using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Results: Higher HDL-C levels and a lower TC/HDL-C ratio were significantly associated with improved OS (p: 0.004 and p: 0.016, respectively). This relationship remained significant in early- and advanced-stage disease (p: 0.04 for HDL-C and p: 0.03 for TC/HDL-C). In patients with tumors located in the right colon, LDL-C levels of 150 mg/dL and below were found to be statistically positively correlated with overall survival, while in patients with tumors located in the left colon, HDL-C levels of 45 mg/dL and above and TC/HDL-C levels of 4.16 and above were found to be statistically positively correlated with overall survival. A multivariate analysis confirmed that age, stage, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C were independent predictors of OS. Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential role of lipid profiles, particularly HDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratio, as prognostic factors in CRC. Further research, including molecular and genetic analyses, is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between lipid metabolism and CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Nuray Sever
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul 34180, Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Başoğlu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul 34865, Türkiye; (T.B.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sedat Yıldırım
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul 34865, Türkiye; (T.B.); (S.Y.)
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Liang Z, Zhang Z, Tan X, Zeng P. Lipids, cholesterols, statins and liver cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251873. [PMID: 37746259 PMCID: PMC10516570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the causal relationship of serum lipid indicators and lipid-lowering drugs with the risk of liver cancer using Mendelian randomization study. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) study was performed to investigate the causal relationship between serum levels of lipid indicators and liver cancer, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1).Furthermore, instrumental variable weighted regression (IVW) and summary data-based MR (SMR) analyses were performed to investigate the causal effects of lipid-lowering drugs, including statins and PCSK9 inhibitors, on the risk of liver cancer. Results Serum LDL-c and serum TC levels showed negatively associated with liver cancer (n = 22 SNPs, OR = 0.363, 95% CI = 0.231 - 0.570; p = 1.070E-5) (n = 83 SNPs; OR = 0.627, 95% CI = 0.413-0.952; p = 0.028). However, serum levels of TG, HDL-c, and ApoA1 did not show any significant correlation with liver cancer. In the drug target MR (DMR) analyses, HMGCR-mediated level of LDL-c showed an inverse relationship with the risk of liver cancer in the IVW-MR analysis (n = 5 SNPs, OR = 0.201, 95% CI = 0.064 - 0.631; p = 5.95E-03) and SMR analysis (n = 20 SNPs, OR = 0.245, 95% CI = 0.065 - 0.926; p = 0.038) However, PCSK9 did not show any significant association with liver cancer based on both the IVW-MR and SMR analyses. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that reduced levels of LDL-c and TC were associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Furthermore, lipid-lowering drugs targeting HMGCR such as statins were associated with increased risk of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Liang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoning Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Puhua Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Clark EH, Ahmed ST, Chang E, Chiao EY, White DL. Can statins lessen the burden of virus mediated cancers? Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:47. [PMID: 36058947 PMCID: PMC9441070 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes virus (KSHV) contribute to a significant proportion of the world's cancers. Given the sizeable burden of virus mediated cancers, development of strategies to prevent and/or treat these cancers is critical. While large population studies suggest that treatment with hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, may reduce the risk of many cancer types including HBV/HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma, few studies have specifically evaluated the impact of statin use in populations at risk for other types of virus mediated cancers. MAIN BODY Studies of populations with HBV and HCV suggest a protective, dose-dependent effect of statins on hepatocellular carcinoma risk and support the theory that statins may offer clinical benefit if used as chemoprophylactic agents to reduce liver cancer incidence. However, no population level data exists describing the impact of statins on populations with other oncogenic viral infections, such as HPV, EBV, and KSHV. CONCLUSION Further study of statin use in diverse, global populations with or at high risk for oncogenic viral infections is essential to determine the impact of statin therapy on virus mediated cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H Clark
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Innovation, Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicin, Feigin Building Suite 550, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sarah T Ahmed
- Center for Innovation, Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elaine Chang
- Center for Innovation, Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Chiao
- Departments of Epidemiology and General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna L White
- Center for Innovation, Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Gizzi G, Cataldi S, Mazzeschi C, Delvecchio E, Ceccarini MR, Codini M, Albi E. Hypercholesterolemia in Cancer and in Anorexia Nervosa: A Hypothesis for a Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137466. [PMID: 35806470 PMCID: PMC9267523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cholesterol and cancer has been widely demonstrated. Clinical studies have shown changes in blood cholesterol levels in cancer patients. In parallel, basic research studies have shown that cholesterol is involved in the mechanisms of onset and progression of the disease. On the other hand, anorexic patients have high cholesterol levels and a high susceptibility to cancer. In this review, we first present a brief background on the relations among nutrition, eating disorders and cancer. Using several notable examples, we then illustrate the changes in cholesterol in cancer and in anorexia nervosa, providing evidence for their important relationship. Finally, we show a new possible link between cholesterol disorder in cancer and in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gizzi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.G.); (C.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-0755857940
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Zhu G, Wang Y, Wang W, Shang F, Pei B, Zhao Y, Kong D, Fan Z. Untargeted GC-MS-Based Metabolomics for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:729512. [PMID: 34804922 PMCID: PMC8599589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.729512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal cancers in the world with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 68%. Although researchers accumulated many scientific studies, its pathogenesis remains unclear yet. Detecting and removing these malignant polyps promptly is the most effective method in CRC prevention. Therefore, the analysis and disposal of malignant polyps is conducive to preventing CRC. METHODS In the study, metabolic profiling as well as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC was investigated using untargeted GC-MS-based metabolomics methods to explore the intervention approaches. In order to better characterize the variations of tissue and serum metabolic profiles, orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analysis was carried out to further identify significant features. The key differences in tR-m/z pairs were screened by the S-plot and VIP value from OPLS-DA. Identified potential biomarkers were leading in the KEGG in finding interactions, which show the relationships among these signal pathways. RESULTS Finally, 17 tissue and 13 serum candidate ions were selected based on their corresponding retention time, p-value, m/z, and VIP value. Simultaneously, the most influential pathways contributing to CRC were inositol phosphate metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and linoleic acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results suggest that the GC-MS-based method coupled with the pattern recognition method and understanding these cancer-specific alterations could make it possible to detect CRC early and aid in the development of additional treatments for the disease, leading to improvements in CRC patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Shang
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Pei
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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