1
|
Louie-Poon S, Reid K, Appiah PO, Hartling L, Scott SD. "There is a strangeness in this disease": A qualitative study of parents' experiences caring for a child diagnosed with COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300146. [PMID: 38564592 PMCID: PMC10986929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic marked a period of uncertainty as public health guidelines, diagnostic criteria, and testing protocols or procedures have continuously evolved. Despite the virus being declared a worldwide pandemic, little research has been done to understand how parents manage caring for their child diagnosed with COVID-19. We sought to understand parents' experiences and information need when caring for a child diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study with an inductive and exploratory approach was completed. Participants were recruited through social media and local public health clinics. Data collection and analysis were concurrent. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with 27 participants. Thematic analysis was conducted. FINDINGS Four major themes emerged: a) dealing with uncertainty; b) anxiety; c) social stigma and stress; d) a sense of community. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that parent experiences were diverse and multi-faceted, and their experiences evolved and shifted over the course of the pandemic. Parents would benefit from clear and consistent evidence-based online information. Understanding the perspectives of parents caring for a child with COVID-19 is an important step in developing future resources tailored to meet their unique experiences and information needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy Reid
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Lisa Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon D. Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keene CM, Dickinson S, Naidoo R, Andersen-Waine B, Ferguson-Lewis A, Polner A, Amswych M, White L, Molyneux S, Wanat M. Decision to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a rapid scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084437. [PMID: 38553081 PMCID: PMC10982762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testing for COVID-19 was a key component of the UK's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This strategy relied on positive individuals self-isolating to reduce transmission, making isolation the lynchpin in the public health approach. Therefore, we scoped evidence to systematically identify and categorise barriers and facilitators to compliance with self-isolation guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, to inform public health strategies in future pandemics. DESIGN A rapid scoping review was conducted. SEARCH STRATEGY Key terms were used to search literature databases (PubMed, Scopus and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database, on 7 November 2022), Google Scholar and stakeholder-identified manuscripts, ultimately including evidence published in English from UK-based studies conducted between 2020 and 2022. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted and synthesised into themes, organised broadly into capability, opportunity and motivation, and reviewed with key stakeholders from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). RESULTS We included 105 sources, with 63 identified from UKHSA and used to inform their decision-making during the pandemic. Influences on the decision to comply with isolation guidance were categorised into six themes: perceived ability to isolate; information and guidance; logistics; social influences, including trust; perceived value; and perceived consequences. Individuals continuously assessed these factors in deciding whether or not to comply with guidance and self-isolate. CONCLUSIONS Decisions to self-isolate after a positive test were influenced by multiple factors, including individuals' beliefs, concerns, priorities and personal circumstances. Future testing strategies must facilitate meaningful financial, practical and mental health support to allow individuals to overcome the perceived and actual negative consequences of isolating. Clear, consistent communication of the purpose and procedures of isolating will also be critical to support compliance with self-isolation guidance, and should leverage people's perceived value in protecting others. Building public trust is also essential, but requires investment before the next pandemic starts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marriott Keene
- Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Dickinson
- UKI Health Sciences and Wellness, Ernst & Young (EY), London, UK
| | - Reshania Naidoo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UKI Health Sciences and Wellness, Ernst & Young (EY), London, UK
| | | | | | - Anastasia Polner
- UKI Health Sciences and Wellness, Ernst & Young (EY), London, UK
| | - Ma'ayan Amswych
- UKI Health Sciences and Wellness, Ernst & Young (EY), London, UK
| | - Lisa White
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sassy Molyneux
- Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Wanat
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Woodland L, Smith LE, Webster RK, Amlôt R, Rubin JG. Why do children attend school, engage in other activities or socialise when they have symptoms of an infectious illness? A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071599. [PMID: 37977857 PMCID: PMC10660639 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prevent the spread of infectious disease, children are typically asked not to attend school, clubs or other activities, or socialise with others while they have specific symptoms. Despite this, many children continue to participate in these activities while symptomatic. DESIGN AND SETTING We commissioned a national cross-sectional survey with data collected between 19 November and 18 December 2021. PARTICIPANTS Eligible parents (n=941) were between 18 and 75 years of age, lived in the UK and had at least one child aged between 4 and 17 years. Parents were recruited from a pre-existing pool of potential respondents who had already expressed an interest in receiving market research surveys. OUTCOME MEASURES Parents were asked whether their children had exhibited either recent vomiting, diarrhoea, high temperature/fever, a new continuous cough, a loss or change to their sense of taste or smell in the absence of a negative (PCR) COVID-19 test ('stay-at-home symptoms') since September 2021 and whether they attended school, engaged in other activities outside the home or socialised with members of another household while symptomatic ('non-adherent'). We also measured parent's demographics and attitudes about illness. RESULTS One-third (33%, n=84/251, 95% CI: 28% to 39%) of children were 'non-adherent' in that they had attended activities outside the home or socialised when they had stay-at-home symptoms. Children were significantly more likely to be non-adherent when parents were aged 45 and younger; they allowed their children to make their own decisions about school attendance; they agreed that their child should go to school if they took over-the-counter medication; or they believed that children should go to school if they have mild symptoms of illness. CONCLUSION To reduce the risk of spreading disease, parents and teenagers need guidance to help them make informed decisions about engaging in activities and socialising with others while unwell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Woodland
- Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Smith
- Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Richard Amlôt
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit (BSIU), UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - James G Rubin
- Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Purvis SJ, Armstrong K, Isaacson MJ, Soltoff A, Duran T, Johnson G, LaPlante JR, Daubman BR, Tobey M. Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Great Plains American Indian Communities. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01818-9. [PMID: 37796431 PMCID: PMC11104425 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the COVID-19 vaccine in late 2020, the importance of understanding the drivers of vaccine acceptance and vaccine hesitancy is important for the health of American Indian and Alaska Native communities. We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous survey in October 2021 using established quantitative methods of virtual surveys to reach tribal members living on three reservations in the Great Plains (N = 679). We conducted multivariate analyses using logistic regression to assess the association between independent variables and COVID-19 vaccination status after adjusting for confounding. Respondents were more likely to have received a COVID-19 vaccine if they were older, had a full-time job, had previously received a flu vaccination, reported a higher level of trust in the health care system, had increased access to vaccinations, were able to isolate, or if they held a desire to keep their family safe. This study is one of the first to offer insights into the associations and possible determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among American Indians in the Great Plains and was completed as part of the National Institutes of Health Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics of Underserved Populations consortium. We identified a set of demographic, socioeconomic, and motivational factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Great Plains American Indians and Alaska Natives. It is possible that future vaccine uptake may be enhanced through economic development, strengthening health care operations and care quality, and focusing vaccination messaging on family and community impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Purvis
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | | | - Mary J Isaacson
- College of Nursing South Dakota State University, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | | | - Tinka Duran
- Great Plains Tribal Epidemiology Center, Great Plains Tribal Leaders' Health Board, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gina Johnson
- Community Health Prevention Programs, Great Plains Tribal Leaders' Health Board, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - J R LaPlante
- American Indian Health Initiative, Avera Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Bethany-Rose Daubman
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Tobey
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Purvis SJ, Soltoff A, Isaacson MJ, Duran T, Johnson G, LaPlante JR, Tobey M, Armstrong K. COVID-19 Testing Factors Among Great Plains American Indians. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2528-2539. [PMID: 36271192 PMCID: PMC9589717 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 created unparalleled challenges for vulnerable communities, especially among American Indians and Alaska Natives. An effective COVID-19 response requires a tribally driven effort to understand the perspectives of Tribal members on testing and to ensure that delivery strategies are grounded in the cultural values, traditions, and experiences of the Tribes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous survey in October 2021 using established methods to reach Tribal members residing in three Reservations in the Great Plains (N = 679). Multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression to assess the association between independent variables and COVID-19 testing uptake after adjusting for confounding. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, a respondent's employment status, ability to isolate if diagnosed with COVID-19, and endorsing that COVID-19 testing is only needed if one has symptoms were significantly correlated with having been previously tested for COVID-19. Participants without a full-time job were about half as likely to have been tested for COVID-19 compared to those with full-time jobs. Participants who reported not being able to isolate if they tested positive for COVID-19 and participants who did not think testing was needed if asymptomatic were also half as likely to be tested. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring that everyone has the ability to isolate, that people who are not working have easy access to testing, and that everyone understands the value of testing after exposure are key steps to maximizing testing uptake. Efforts will only be successful if there is continued investment in programs that provide free testing access for everyone on Reservations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Purvis
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Alexander Soltoff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mary J Isaacson
- College of Nursing South, Dakota State University, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Tinka Duran
- Great Plains Tribal Epidemiology Center, Great Plains Trifbal Leaders' Health Board, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gina Johnson
- Community Health Prevention Programs, Great Plains Tribal Leaders' Health Board, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - J R LaPlante
- American Indian Health Initiative, Avera Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Matthew Tobey
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaildo T, Santino TA, Chaves G, da Silva BAK, Alchieri JC, Patino CM, Leite S, Luz KG, Guerra RO, da Penha THS, da Silva GR, Jácome AC, Monteiro KS, de Mendonça KMPP. Barriers to and facilitators of populational adherence to prevention and control measures of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:220238. [PMID: 37343960 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0238-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To summarise the evidence on barriers to and facilitators of population adherence to prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infectious diseases. METHODS A qualitative synthesis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. We performed an electronic search on MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from their inception to March 2023. RESULTS We included 71 studies regarding COVID-19, pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, pertussis and H1N1, representing 5966 participants. The measures reported were vaccinations, physical distancing, stay-at-home policy, quarantine, self-isolation, facemasks, hand hygiene, contact investigation, lockdown, infection prevention and control guidelines, and treatment. Tuberculosis-related measures were access to care, diagnosis and treatment completion. Analysis of the included studies yielded 37 barriers and 23 facilitators. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that financial and social support, assertive communication, trust in political authorities and greater regulation of social media enhance adherence to prevention and control measures for COVID-19 and infectious respiratory diseases. Designing and implementing effective educational public health interventions targeting the findings of barriers and facilitators highlighted in this review are key to reducing the impact of infectious respiratory diseases at the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tácito Zaildo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thayla Amorim Santino
- Department of Physical Therapy, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Carlos Alchieri
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Program in Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Cecilia M Patino
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Leite
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kleber Giovanni Luz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Tito Hugo Soares da Penha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ada Cristina Jácome
- Public Health Department of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Karolinne Souza Monteiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taylor-Egbeyemi J, Carter H, Robin C. Thematic analysis of national online narratives on regular asymptomatic testing for Covid-19 in schools in England. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1028. [PMID: 37259158 PMCID: PMC10230123 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the public perceptions of the schools Covid-19 testing programme in England. DESIGN Qualitative social media analysis. SETTING Online users of parenting forums (Mumsnet and Netmums), Facebook newspaper pages and Daily Mail online readers, who responded to posts or articles about the schools testing programme in England, between 1 and 31 March, 2021. RESULTS Overall, seven main themes were identified, these were divided into barriers and facilitators to engaging in testing for Covid-19. Barriers were: uncertainty around testing in the absence of symptoms; concerns about testing; implications about testing positive; mistrust in the Government. Facilitators were: desire to protect others; desire to return to normality; and hearing others' positive experiences. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis highlighted that alongside well-established barriers to engaging in asymptomatic testing, parents were having to negotiate additional complex decisions around balancing their child's anxiety over testing alongside acknowledgement of the implications of regular testing, such as return to normality and protecting others. Parents and children would benefit from additional practical and social support to facilitate engagement with the schools testing programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Taylor-Egbeyemi
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Holly Carter
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Robin
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Larsen T, Bosworth ML, Ayoubkhani D, Schofield R, Ali R, Khunti K, Walker AS, Glickman M, Harrison C, Nafilyan V. Inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 case rates by ethnicity, religion, measures of socioeconomic position, English proficiency, and self-reported disability: cohort study of 39 million people in England during the alpha and delta waves. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000187. [PMID: 37063237 PMCID: PMC10568121 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine sociodemographic inequalities in people with SARS-CoV-2 during the second (alpha) and third (delta) waves of the covid-19 pandemic. Design Retrospective, population based cohort study. Setting Resident population of England. Participants 39 006 194 people aged 10 years and older who were enumerated in the 2011 census, registered with the NHS, and alive on 1 September 2020. Main outcome measures Age standardised SARS-CoV-2 case rates (ie, the number of people who received a positive test result per 100 000 person weeks at risk) during the second wave (1 September 2020 to 22 May 2021) or third wave (23 May to 10 December 2021) of the pandemic. Age standardised rates were calculated by sociodemographic characteristics and adjusted rate ratios were estimated using generalised linear regression models with a Poisson distribution (models were adjusted for covariates including sex, age, geographical variables, and sociodemographic characteristics). Results During the study period, 5 767 584 people (14.8% of the study population) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the second wave, the fully adjusted relative risks of having a positive test were highest for the Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnic groups compared with the white British group, with rate ratios of 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.73 to 1.77) and 1.69 (1.68 to 1.70), respectively. Muslim and Sikh religious groups had fully adjusted rate ratios of 1.51 (1.50 to 1.51) and 1.64 (1.63 to 1.66), respectively, compared with the Christian group. Greater area deprivation, disadvantaged socioeconomic position, living in a care home, and low English language proficiency were also associated with higher relative risk of having a positive test. However, the inequalities among groups varied over time. Being Christian, white British, without a disability, and from a more advantaged socioeconomic position were associated with increased relative risk of testing positive during the third wave. Conclusion Research is urgently needed to understand the large sociodemographic inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 case rates in order to inform policy interventions in future waves or pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Larsen
- Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ann Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Univerity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Vahé Nafilyan
- Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|