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Hu X, Zhang H, Pang Y, Cang S, Wu G, Fan B, Liu W, Tan H, Luo G. Performance of feeding black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae on shrimp carcasses: A green technology for aquaculture waste management and circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172491. [PMID: 38621532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Over 944 thousand tonnes of shrimp carcasses are produced worldwide during the shrimp production cycle, and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are a potential solution for this shrimp carcass accumulation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of BSFL feeding on shrimp carcasses. Six combinations of wheat bran and shrimp carcass powder (with replacement increments of 20 %) and one whole shrimp carcasses treatment were tested. The bioconversion rate (27.15 ± 3.66 %; p = 0.001), crude protein (55.34 ± 1.27 %; p < 0.001), and crude lipid (14.37 ± 1.86 %; p = 0.007) values of BSFL reared on whole shrimp carcasses were significantly higher than those of BSFL reared on wheat bran. Increasing the shrimp carcass amount in the feeding media resulted in significant increases in BSFL docosahexaenoic acid (with the highest value occurring for BSFL reared on whole shrimp carcasses; 1.46 ± 0.09 %; p < 0.001). Conversely, BSFL docosahexaenoic acid was not detected for BSFL reared on wheat bran. The detected heavy metal concentrations in BSFL were below the limits of the published international guidelines for animal feed. In the obtained BSFL, Salmonella was not detected, and the mould count was <10 CFU/g. The total bacterial count (Lg transformation) of obtained BSFL ranged from 7.88 to 8.07 CFU/g, and no significant differences among all treatments (p = 0.424). Overall, this study demonstrates that BSFL-based bioconversion presents a resource recovery technology for converting shrimp carcasses into high-value nutritional biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yun Pang
- Innovative Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengnan Cang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Gaopeng Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baojie Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenchang Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongxin Tan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guozhi Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Tirtawijaya G, Lee JH, Bashir KMI, Lee HJ, Choi JS. Evaluating the Efficiency of Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae in Converting Mackerel Head Waste into Valuable Resources. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1332. [PMID: 38731333 PMCID: PMC11083610 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The seafood processing industry generates significant waste, including mackerel heads (MH), constituting 20-32% of total waste. This study explored the potential of utilizing MH as a feed source for black soldier fly larvae (BSF larvae). BSF larvae are known for their ability to efficiently convert organic materials into nutrient-rich biomass. Five concentrations of MH (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in chicken feed) were fed to BSF larvae for eight days. After harvesting, their growth, MH conversion efficiency, nutritional content, and heavy metals reduction potential were measured. BSF larvae showed optimal growth when fed with a feed containing 20% MH, resulting in a 14.36-fold increase in weight compared to the control group, as determined by the Fisher's Least Significant Difference Test. BSF larvae maintained a survival rate of 99.33%. With the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.09 at 20% MH, feed efficiency was improved by up to 65.15%, and feed reduction up to 73.53%. MH enhanced lipid and protein content in BSF larvae. Furthermore, BSF larvae in this study showed higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as other amino acids which are required for breeding animals. The current study highlights the potential of MH as a feed source for BSF larvae, improving nutritional biomass. It also suggests BSF larvae as an eco-friendly option for handling seafood processing waste and as an alternative feed source for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tirtawijaya
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia;
| | - Jin-Hwa Lee
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (K.M.I.B.)
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (K.M.I.B.)
- German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (K.M.I.B.)
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Laksanawimol P, Anukun P, Thancharoen A. Use of different dry materials to control the moisture in a black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) rearing substrate. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17129. [PMID: 38560477 PMCID: PMC10981887 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling the substrate moisture is a significant challenge in black soldier fly (BSF) farming. Many substrates have a high moisture content, which results in a low BSF biomass and a high mortality. One potential solution involves incorporating dry substrates into the food mix to mitigate the excessive moisture. However, little information about the types and quantities of dry substrates is available. Methods Six different dry materials-rice husk (RH), rice bran (RB), rice husk ash (RHA), coconut coir dust (CC), rubberwood sawdust (RSD), and spent coffee grounds (SCGs)-were evaluated by combining with pure minced mixed vegetables in varying proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50% by weight). This study encompassed both small-scale and medium-scale experiments to comprehensively assess the effects of the addition of each of these different dry substrates and their quantities on aspects of the development of BSF, such as BSF biomass, larval duration, mortality rates, adult sex ratio, and the moisture removal efficiency of each substrate mixture. Results Each dry substrate had specific properties. Although RB emerged as a favorable dry substrate owing to its nutritional content and substantial water-holding capacity, excessive use of RB (>15% by weight) resulted in elevated temperatures and subsequent desiccation of the substrate, potentially leading to larval mortality. In contrast, RH demonstrated the ability to support improved larval duration and growth, permitting its utilization in higher proportions (up to 50%). On the other hand, CC, RHA, and SCG are better suited for inclusion in BSF larval substrates in smaller quantities. Discussion Some dry substrates require a pretreatment process to eliminate toxic substances prior to their incorporation into substrate mixtures, such as CC and SCG. A potential alternative solution involves employing a combination of various dry substrates. This approach aims to enhance the substrate moisture control and subsequently improve the BSF rearing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pritsana Anukun
- Faculty of Science, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchana Thancharoen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mannucci A, Panariello L, Abenaim L, Coltelli MB, Ranieri A, Conti B, Santin M, Castagna A. From Food Waste to Functional Biopolymers: Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan Produced from Prepupae of Black Soldier Fly Reared with Different Food Waste-Based Diets. Foods 2024; 13:278. [PMID: 38254579 PMCID: PMC10814476 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of food waste as a rearing substrate to grow insects is an ecofriendly and sustainable alternative to food waste disposal. In the present research, Hermetia illucens prepupae were reared with a standard diet, different food waste-based diets based on vegetables, fruits, and meat, and a mixed one, where the previous three components were present equally. The demineralization and deproteination of the prepupae allowed for the obtainment of chitin that was then deacetylated to produce chitosan. Also, the bleaching of chitosan was attempted for further purification. The yield of the different reactions was investigated, and the infrared spectra of the obtained materials were analyzed to obtain information on the quantity and acetylation degree trend of the chitin and chitosan as a function of the diet. The possibility to slightly modulate the yield and acetylation degree of both biopolymers thanks to the specific diet was enlightened. Interestingly, the standard diet resulted in the highest fraction of chitin having the highest acetylation degree, and in the highest fraction of chitosan having the lowest acetylation degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Linda Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
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Rossi G, Ojha S, Müller-Belecke A, Schlüter OK. Fresh aquaculture sludge management with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae: investigation on bioconversion performances. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20982. [PMID: 38017013 PMCID: PMC10684894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture solid waste (ASW) is a nutrient rich material that can pose a significant environment challenge if not properly managed. This study investigated the potential of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae in converting this waste into biomass. Five substrates comprising chicken feed supplemented with varying proportions of fresh ASW (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were formulated and evaluated for larval growth and waste bioconversion efficiency. High nutrients retention (N: 23.25 ± 1.40%; C: 21.94 ± 0.99%; S: 12.20 ± 1.33%) and feed conversion ratio (1.78 ± 0.08) were detected on substrate 100ASW, although the limited feeding rate (114.54 ± 5.38 mg dry substrate/larvae) and the high amount of indigestible fibres (ADF = 15.87 ± 0.24%; ADL = 6.36 ± 0.17%) were translated to low larval growth (final larval average weight: 66.17 ± 1.81 mg). Decreasing ASW content resulted in reduced fibres and ash, increase in non-fibrous carbohydrates and C/N ratio, and improved larval growth and substrate utilization. However, high larval metabolic activity suggested higher nutrients loss to the environment. Substrate 75ASW demonstrated the best performances in terms of larval production (final larval average weight: 176.30 ± 12.12 mg), waste reduction (substrate reduction corrected by percentage of ASW: 26.76 ± 0.86%) and nutrients assimilation (N: 22.14 ± 1.14%; C: 15.29 ± 0.82%; S: 15.40 ± 0.99%). This substrate closely aligned with optimal BSF rearing substrates reported in literature. Overall, this study highlights the potential of BSF larvae in managing fresh ASW, offering a dual benefit of waste reduction and insect biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- Department of Systems Process Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shikha Ojha
- Department of Systems Process Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Land Sciences, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | | | - Oliver K Schlüter
- Department of Systems Process Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy.
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Kawasaki K, Zhao J, Takao N, Sato M, Ban T, Tamamaki K, Kagami M, Yano K. Sustenance Trial to Analyze the Effects of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal on the Reproductive Efficiency of Sows and the Hematological Properties of Suckling and Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3410. [PMID: 37958165 PMCID: PMC10647472 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating demand for meat, driven by global population growth, necessitates sustainable solutions for animal feed production. This study investigated the effects of substituting conventional protein resources in sow and piglet dietary regimens with black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) meal on reproductive efficiency, blood profile, piglet growth, and intestinal tissue morphology. The results indicate that substituting animal-derived and soy proteins with BSF meal does not compromise sow reproductive performance. Although no notable disparities were observed in piglet growth, the feed conversion ratio from the 28- to 35-day age marks were lower in the BSF-fed groups. This suggests that the animal protein-BSF substitution rate may require optimization, potentially involving chitin removal from BSF meal to enhance digestibility. Minor variations in the hematological composition and properties in piglets, with elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the high BSF group at the 28-day mark, were potentially attributable to the unique fatty acid composition of BSF meal. Moreover, this study potentiates future exploration into the efficacy of complete animal protein substitution with BSF meals on piglet nutrition and physiology, particularly in fattening pigs. The practical implementation of BSF meals in animal feed production holds promise for enhancing the sustainability of the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Natsu Takao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Takuma Ban
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kaoru Tamamaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masanori Kagami
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kiminobu Yano
- University Farm, Kagawa University, Showa 300-2, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2304, Japan
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Gligorescu A, Chen L, Jensen K, Moghadam NN, Kristensen TN, Sørensen JG. Rapid Evolutionary Adaptation to Diet Composition in the Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens). INSECTS 2023; 14:821. [PMID: 37887833 PMCID: PMC10607891 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic adaptation of Hermetia illucens (BSF) to suboptimal single sourced waste streams can open new perspectives for insect production. Here, four BSF lines were maintained on a single sourced, low-quality wheat bran diet (WB) or on a high-quality chicken feed diet (CF) for 13 generations. We continuously evaluated presumed evolutionary responses in several performance traits to rearing on the two diets. Subsequently, we tested responses to interchanged diets, i.e., of larvae that had been reared on low-quality feed and tested on high-quality feed and vice versa to evaluate costs associated with adaptation to different diets. BSF were found to experience rapid adaptation to the diet composition. While performances on the WB diet were always inferior to the CF diet, the adaptive responses were stronger to the former diet. This stronger response was likely due to stronger selection pressure experienced by BSF fed on the low-quality single sourced diet. The interchanged diet experiment found no costs associated with diet adaptation, but revealed cross generational gain associated with the parental CF diet treatment. Our results revealed that BSF can rapidly respond adaptively to diet, although the mechanisms are yet to be determined. This has potential to be utilized in commercial insect breeding to produce lines tailored to specific diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gligorescu
- Department of Biology, Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, Building 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Kim Jensen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Neda Nasiri Moghadam
- Life Science Division, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvangs Allé 29, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section for Bioscience and Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Givskov Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, Building 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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Naser El Deen S, van Rozen K, Elissen H, van Wikselaar P, Fodor I, van der Weide R, Hoek-van den Hil EF, Rezaei Far A, Veldkamp T. Bioconversion of Different Waste Streams of Animal and Vegetal Origin and Manure by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:204. [PMID: 36835773 PMCID: PMC9968099 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are considered a commercially viable solution for global organic waste problems. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of rearing BSFL on a wide range of low-value waste streams and its potential to transform them into high-quality animal feed and fertilizer. Six waste streams of different origins were selected and each tested in triplicate. Several parameters were analysed: growth performance, waste reduction index (WRI), conversion efficiency (ECI) and larval composition. Frass composition was also analysed. Larvae reared on fast food waste (FFW) had the highest ECI and WRI and the lowest values when reared on pig manure slurry mixed with silage grass (PMLSG) and slaughter waste (SW). The highest protein content was found for larvae reared on mushroom stems (MS) although this substrate had the lowest protein content. Moreover, the frass nutritional profile was proportionally related to the substrate's nutritional profile: the protein-rich substrate (SW) resulted in protein-rich frass and the low-protein substrate (MS) resulted in protein-poor frass. The same was true for the lipid content. In conclusion, this study showed that BSFL can be successfully reared on a wide range of waste streams that can affect the larval and frass chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaas van Rozen
- Wageningen Plant Research, Edelhertweg 1, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Hellen Elissen
- Wageningen Plant Research, Edelhertweg 1, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Piet van Wikselaar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Istvan Fodor
- Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arya Rezaei Far
- Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Veldkamp
- Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Pazmiño MF, Del Hierro AG, Flores FJ. Genetic diversity and organic waste degrading capacity of Hermetia illucens from the evergreen forest of the Equatorial Choco lowland. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14798. [PMID: 36755868 PMCID: PMC9901308 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, microplastics (MP) represent a growing burden for ecosystems due to their increasing presence at different trophic levels. In Ecuador, the lack of waste segregation has increased the quantity of waste, primarily organics and plastics, overloading landfills and water sources. Over time, plastics reduce in size and silently enter the food chain of animals, such as insects. The black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), is a species with devouring behavior used for waste management because of its beneficial qualities such as fly pest control, biomass production, and rapid organic waste degradation. Studies have uncovered the insect's ability to tolerate MP, and consider the possibility that they may be able to degrade polymers. For the first time in Ecuador, the present study characterized H. illucens using the sequences of different molecular markers. Finally, H. illucens' degrading capacity was evaluated in the presence of MP and decaying food residues, resembling landfill conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Pazmiño
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Facultad de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador,Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada—Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad-INABIO, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Ana G. Del Hierro
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada—Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad-INABIO, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Javier Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Facultad de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador,Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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