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Chancharoenthana W, Kamolratanakul S, Udompornpitak K, Wannigama DL, Schultz MJ, Leelahavanichkul A. Alcohol-induced gut permeability defect through dysbiosis and enterocytic mitochondrial interference causing pro-inflammatory macrophages in a dose dependent manner. Sci Rep 2025; 15:14710. [PMID: 40289168 PMCID: PMC12034794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Although toxicity of alcohol toward the intestines and immunity is mentioned, there might be different effect of alcohol in a low and a high dose and the rodent model development using a simple SHIRPA binary score night be useful. Hence, a low and high dose of alcohol (6.30 and 1.26 g/kg/day) were administered in might for 16 weeks before determination of several parameters. As such, the peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of low and high dose of alcohol were approximately at 0.05 and 0.15%, respectively, at 1 h post-administration, which correlated with SHIRPA score at 1.8 ± 0.8 and 7.2 ± 0.6, respectively. After 16 wk of administration, a significant liver injury in high-dose alcohol was indicated by liver enzymes, liver weight, histology score, apoptosis, and hepatic accumulation of triglyceride (TG) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde; MDA) with reduced anti-oxidant (glutathione). Meanwhile, low-dose alcohol demonstrated only elevated apoptosis with increased TG and MDA in liver tissue. Leaky gut from both dose of alcohol was also demonstrated by FITC-dextran, endotoxemia, serum beta glucan, and reduced occludin. However, bacterial abundance (microbiome analysis) of the feces from small bowel of high-dose alcohol, but not the low dose, was different from the control (increased Alitipes spp. with reduced Lachnospiraceae). In conclusion, both low- and high-dose alcohol induced leaky gut, while only the high-dose caused gut dysbiosis and alcohol damaged mitochondria but enhanced glycolysis in enterocytes and macrophages. Leaky gut might be more sensitive than dysbiosis to determine alcohol-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 16/F Ratchanakarin Building 420/6 Rajvithi Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Supitcha Kamolratanakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 16/F Ratchanakarin Building 420/6 Rajvithi Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Udompornpitak
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand
| | - Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University and Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kamiyanagi, Yamagata, 990-2212, Japan
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand.
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Wang JH, Han SY, Lee K, Han U, Cho SK, Kim H. Antibiotic Cocktail Exacerbates Esomeprazole-Induced Intestinal Dysmotility While Ameliorating Gastric Dyspepsia in Mice. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:442. [PMID: 40426509 PMCID: PMC12108370 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is commonly prescribed for gastric-acid-related disorders but has been associated with impaired gastrointestinal (GI) motility with long-term use. However, the effect of concurrent antibiotic administration on this dysfunction remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotics on esomeprazole-induced GI motility dysfunction and explore the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were orally administered esomeprazole (160 mg/kg) five times per week for 4 weeks. Three days before initiating esomeprazole treatment, a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX) consisting of ampicillin (1 g/kg), neomycin (1 g/kg), metronidazole (1 g/kg), and vancomycin (0.5 g/kg) was provided in drinking water and maintained throughout the experimental period. Mosapride (3 mg/kg), a prokinetic agent, was used as a positive control. Results: Neither esomeprazole alone nor in combination with ABX affected body weight or food intake. Compared to normal controls, esomeprazole treatment significantly delayed both intestinal transit and gastric emptying. However, ABX co-administration further pronounced intestinal transit time and improved gastric motility. The potential mechanisms may involve interactions among gastric H+/K+-ATPase, CYP3A11, gastrointestinal hormones (secretin and motilin), and the gut microbiome. Conclusions: Long-term esomeprazole use can impair both gastric and intestinal motility, and ABX co-treatment further exacerbates intestinal transit delay while paradoxically enhancing gastric emptying. These findings highlight the critical role of the gut microbiota in esomeprazole-induced GI motility dysfunction and suggest that antibiotic use should be approached with caution, particularly when combined with PPI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyungjae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Uijeong Han
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (U.H.); (S.-K.C.)
| | - Si-Kyung Cho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (U.H.); (S.-K.C.)
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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