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Liu Z, Julius P, Himwaze CM, Mucheleng’anga LA, Chapple AG, West JT, Wood C. Cannabis Use Associates With Reduced Proviral Burden and Inflammatory Cytokine in Tissues From Men With Clade C HIV-1 on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1306-1316. [PMID: 38243412 PMCID: PMC11095553 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) tissue reservoirs remain the main obstacle against an HIV cure. Limited information exists regarding cannabis's effects on HIV-1 infections in vivo, and the impact of cannabis use on HIV-1 parenchymal tissue reservoirs is unexplored. METHODS To investigate whether cannabis use alters HIV-1 tissue reservoirs, we systematically collected 21 postmortem brain and peripheral tissues from 20 men with subtype C HIV-1 and with suppressed viral load enrolled in Zambia, 10 of whom tested positive for cannabis use. The tissue distribution and copies of subtype C HIV-1 LTR, gag, env DNA and RNA, and the relative mRNA levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were quantified using PCR-based approaches. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models we compared persons with HIV-1 and suppressed viral load, with and without cannabis use. RESULTS The odds of tissues harboring HIV-1 DNA and the viral DNA copies in those tissues were significantly lower in persons using cannabis. Moreover, the transcription levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in lymphoid tissues of persons using cannabis were also significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that cannabis use is associated with reduced sizes and inflammatory cytokine expression of subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs in men with suppressed viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Cordilia Maria Himwaze
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Andrew G Chapple
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John T West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Chen J. HIV Reservoir: How to Measure It? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:29-41. [PMID: 37004676 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW In the current quest for a complete cure for HIV/AIDS, the persistence of a long-lived reservoir of cells carrying replication-competent proviruses is the major challenge. Here, we describe the main elements and characteristics of several widely used assays of HIV latent reservoir detection. RECENT FINDINGS To date, researchers have developed several different HIV latent reservoir detection assays. Among them, the in vitro quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) has been the gold standard for assessing latent HIV-1 viral load. The intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) based on PCR also demonstrated the predominance of defective viruses. However, these assays all have some drawbacks and may still be inadequate in detecting the presence of ultralow levels of latent virus in many patients who were initially thought to have been cured, but eventually showed viral rebound. An accurate and precise measurement of the HIV reservoir is therefore needed to evaluate curative strategies, aimed to functional cure or sterilizing cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Liu Z, Julius P, Kang G, West JT, Wood C. Subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs throughout the body in ART-suppressed individuals. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162604. [PMID: 36278485 PMCID: PMC9714794 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype B HIV-1 reservoirs have been intensively investigated, but reservoirs in other subtypes and how they respond to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is substantially less established. To characterize subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs, we implemented postmortem frozen, as well as formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sampling of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. HIV-1 LTR, gag, envelope (env) DNA and RNA was quantified using genomic DNA and RNA extracted from frozen tissues. RNAscope was used to localize subtype C HIV-1 DNA and RNA in FFPE tissue. Despite uniform viral load suppression in our cohort, PCR results showed that subtype C HIV-1 proviral copies vary both in magnitude and tissue distribution, with detection primarily in secondary lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, the appendix harbored proviruses in all subjects. Unlike subtype B, subtype C provirus was rarely detectable in the CNS, and there was no detectable HIV-1 RNA. HIV-1 RNA was detected in peripheral lymphoid tissues of 6 out of 8 ART-suppressed cases. In addition to active HIV-1 expression in lymphoid tissues, RNAscope revealed HIV RNA detection in CD4-expressing cells in the appendix, suggesting that this tissue was a previously unreported potential treatment-resistant reservoir for subtype C HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Guobin Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John T. West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Kjær K, Leth S, Konrad CV, Gunst JD, Nymann R, Østergaard L, Søgaard OS, Schleimann MH, Tolstrup M, Denton PW. Modest de novo Reactivation of Single HIV-1 Proviruses in Peripheral CD4+ T Cells by Romidepsin. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.736395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is restricted by the continued presence of a latent reservoir of memory CD4+ T cells with proviruses integrated into their DNA despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). A predominant strategy currently pursued in HIV-1 cure-related research is the “kick and kill” approach, where latency reversal agents (LRAs) are used to reactivate transcription from integrated proviruses. The premise of this approach is that “kicking” latent virus out of hiding allows the host immune system to recognize and kill infected cells. Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of LRAs, such as romidepsin, have shown that these interventions do induce transient spikes in viral RNA in HIV-1-infected individuals. However, since these trials failed to significantly reduce viral reservoir size or significantly delay time to viral rebound during analytical treatment interruptions, it is questioned how much each individual latent provirus is actually “kicked” to produce viral transcripts and/or proteins by the LRA. Here, we developed sensitive and specific digital droplet PCR-based assays with single-provirus level resolution. Combining these assays allowed us to interrogate the level of viral RNA transcripts from single proviruses in individuals on suppressive ART with or without concomitant romidepsin treatment. Small numbers of proviruses in peripheral blood memory CD4+ T cells were triggered to become marginally transcriptionally active upon romidepsin treatment. These novel assays can be applied retrospectively and prospectively in HIV-1 cure-related clinical trials to gain crucial insights into LRA efficacy at the single provirus level.
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5
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López-Huertas MR, Palladino C, Garrido-Arquero M, Esteban-Cartelle B, Sánchez-Carrillo M, Martínez-Román P, Martín-Carbonero L, Ryan P, Domínguez-Domínguez L, Santos IDL, Moral SDLF, Benito JM, Rallón N, Alcamí J, Resino S, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Coiras M, Briz V. HCV-coinfection is related to an increased HIV-1 reservoir size in cART-treated HIV patients: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5606. [PMID: 30944340 PMCID: PMC6447590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In HIV-1/HCV-coinfected patients, chronic HCV infection leads to an increased T-lymphocyte immune activation compared to HIV-monoinfected patients, thereby likely contributing to increase HIV-1 reservoir that is the major barrier for its eradication. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of HCV coinfection in HIV-1 viral reservoir size in resting (r) CD4+ T-cells (CD25-CD69-HLADR-). Multicenter cross-sectional study of 97 cART-treated HIV-1 patients, including 36 patients with HIV and HCV-chronic co-infection without anti-HCV treatment, 32 HIV patients with HCV spontaneous clearance and 29 HIV-monoinfected patients. rCD4+ T-cells were isolated and total DNA was extracted. HIV viral reservoir was measured by Alu-LTR qPCR. Differences between groups were calculated with a generalized linear model. Overall, 63.9% were men, median age of 41 years and Caucasian. Median CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were 725 and 858 cells/mm3, respectively. CD4+ T nadir cells was 305 cells/mm3. Proviral HIV-1 DNA size was significantly increased in chronic HIV/HCV-coinfected compared to HIV-monoinfected patients (206.21 ± 47.38 vs. 87.34 ± 22.46, respectively; P = 0.009), as well as in spontaneously clarified HCV co-infected patients when compared to HIV-monoinfected individuals (136.20 ± 33.20; P = 0.009). HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients showed a larger HIV-1 reservoir size in comparison to HIV-monoinfected individuals. This increase could lead to a greater complexity in the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir in HIV-1/HCV-coinfected individuals, which should be considered in the current strategies for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa López-Huertas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Palladino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Garrido-Arquero
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Esteban-Cartelle
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Carrillo
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez-Román
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Ryan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Domínguez-Domínguez
- Unidad VIH. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio De Los Santos
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Briz
- Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Trémeaux P, Lenfant T, Boufassa F, Essat A, Mélard A, Gousset M, Delelis O, Viard JP, Bary M, Goujard C, Rouzioux C, Meyer L, Avettand-Fenoel V. Increasing contribution of integrated forms to total HIV DNA in blood during HIV disease progression from primary infection. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:455-464. [PMID: 30803934 PMCID: PMC6442355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current context of research on HIV reservoirs, offering new insights into the persistence of HIV DNA in infected cells, which prevents viral eradication, may aid in identifying cure strategies. This study aimed to describe the establishment of stable integrated forms among total HIV DNA during primary infection (PHI) and their dynamics during the natural history of infection. METHODS Total and integrated HIV DNA were quantified in blood from 74 PHI patients and 97 recent seroconverters (<12 months following infection, "progression cohort"). The evolution of both markers over six years was modelled (mixed-effect linear models). Their predictive values for disease progression were studied (Cox models). FINDINGS For most patients during PHI, stable integrated forms were a minority among total HIV DNA (median: 12%) and became predominant thereafter (median at AIDS stage: 100%). Both total and integrated HIV DNA increased over a six-year period. Patients from the progression cohort who reached clinical AIDS during follow-up (n = 34) exhibited higher total and integrated HIV DNA levels at seroconversion and a higher percentage of integrated forms than did slower progressors (n = 63) (median: 100% vs 44%). The integrated HIV DNA load was strongly associated with the risk of developing AIDS (aRR = 2.63, p = 0.002). INTERPRETATION The profile of "rapid" or "slower" progression in the natural history of HIV infection appears to be determined early in the course of HIV infection. The strong predominance of unstable unintegrated forms in PHI may explain the great benefit of this early treatment, which induces a sharp decrease in total HIV DNA. FUND: French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trémeaux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; AP-HP, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Lenfant
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM CESP U1018, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Asma Essat
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM CESP U1018, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Adeline Mélard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Marine Gousset
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delelis
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8113, Cachan, France
| | - Jean-Paul Viard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; AP-HP, Centre de diagnostic et thérapeutique, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bary
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM CESP U1018, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Rouzioux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM CESP U1018, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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7
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Van Hecke C, Trypsteen W, Malatinkova E, De Spiegelaere W, Vervisch K, Rutsaert S, Kinloch-de Loes S, Sips M, Vandekerckhove L. Early treated HIV-1 positive individuals demonstrate similar restriction factor expression profile as long-term non-progressors. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:443-454. [PMID: 30770230 PMCID: PMC6442000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Van Hecke
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Malatinkova
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Karen Vervisch
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rutsaert
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Kinloch-de Loes
- Division of Infection and Immunitys, Royal Free Hospital and Royal Free Campus, University College London, Pont St, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Sips
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Bekele Y, Graham RL, Soeria-Atmadja S, Nasi A, Zazzi M, Vicenti I, Naver L, Nilsson A, Chiodi F. Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in HIV-1-Infected Young Adults: A Tool to Reduce the Size of HIV-1 Reservoirs? Front Immunol 2018; 8:1966. [PMID: 29375579 PMCID: PMC5767726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During anti-retroviral therapy (ART) HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs, mostly represented by CD4+ memory T cells. Several approaches are currently being undertaken to develop a cure for HIV-1 infection through elimination (or reduction) of these reservoirs. Few studies have so far been conducted to assess the possibility of reducing the size of HIV-1 reservoirs through vaccination in virologically controlled HIV-1-infected children. We recently conducted a vaccination study with a combined hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in 22 HIV-1-infected children. We assessed the size of the virus reservoir, measured as total HIV-1 DNA copies in blood cells, pre- and postvaccination. In addition, we investigated by immunostaining whether the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and parameters of immune activation and proliferation on these cells were modulated by vaccination. At 1 month from the last vaccination dose, we found that 20 out of 22 children mounted a serological response to HBV; a majority of children had antibodies against HAV at baseline. The number of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood at 1 month postvaccination was reduced in comparison to baseline although this reduction was not statistically significant. A significant reduction of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood following vaccination was found in 12 children. The frequencies of CD4+ (naïve, effector memory) and CD8+ (central memory) T-cell subpopulations changed following vaccinations and a reduction in the activation and proliferation pattern of these cells was also noticed. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the frequency of CD8+ effector memory T cells prior to vaccination was strongly predictive of the reduction of HIV-1 DNA copies in blood following vaccination of the 22 HIV-1-infected children. The results of this study suggest a beneficial effect of vaccination to reduce the size of virus reservoir in HIV-1-infected children receiving ART. A reduced frequency of activated CD4+ cells and an increase in central memory CD8+ T cells were associated with this finding. Further studies should assess whether vaccination is a possible tool to reduce HIV-1 reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Bekele
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Lantto Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Soeria-Atmadja
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aikaterini Nasi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lars Naver
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Women's and Children Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Ananworanich J, Chomont N, Eller LA, Kroon E, Tovanabutra S, Bose M, Nau M, Fletcher JLK, Tipsuk S, Vandergeeten C, O'Connell RJ, Pinyakorn S, Michael N, Phanuphak N, Robb ML. HIV DNA Set Point is Rapidly Established in Acute HIV Infection and Dramatically Reduced by Early ART. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:68-72. [PMID: 27460436 PMCID: PMC5049918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV DNA is a marker of HIV persistence that predicts HIV progression and remission, but its kinetics in early acute HIV infection (AHI) is poorly understood. We longitudinally measured the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells harboring total and integrated HIV DNA in 19 untreated and 71 treated AHI participants, for whom 50 were in the earliest Fiebig I/II (HIV IgM-) stage, that is ≤2weeks from infection. Without antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV DNA peaked at 2weeks after enrollment, reaching a set-point 2weeks later with little change thereafter. There was a marked divergence of HIV DNA values between the untreated and treated groups that occurred within the first 2weeks of ART and increased with time. ART reduced total HIV DNA levels by 20-fold after 2weeks and 316-fold after 3years. Therefore, very early ART offers the opportunity to significantly reduce the frequency of cells harboring HIV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanat Ananworanich
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- CRCHUM and Department of microbiology, infectiology and immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute-Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meera Bose
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin Nau
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L K Fletcher
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Tipsuk
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claire Vandergeeten
- The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute-Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J O'Connell
- CRCHUM and Department of microbiology, infectiology and immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nelson Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
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