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Zhang J, Xu X, Duan S, Gao Y, Ma D, Yue R, Zeng F, Li X, Meng Z, Li X, Niu Z, Jiang G, Yu L, Liao Y, Li D, Wang L, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Li Q. Characterization of the Immunologic Phenotype of Dendritic Cells Infected With Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931740. [PMID: 35865514 PMCID: PMC9294641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to viral envelope glycoprotein D binding to cellular membrane HVEM receptor, HSV-1 can infect certain dendritic cells, which becomes an event in the viral strategy to interfere with the host’s immune system. We previously generated the HSV-1 mutant strain M6, which produced an attenuated phenotype in mice and rhesus monkeys. The attenuated M6 strain was used to investigate how HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells interferes with both innate and adaptive immunity. Our study showed that dendritic cells membrane HVEM receptors could mediate infection of the wild-type strain and attenuated M6 strain and that dendritic cells infected by both viruses in local tissues of animals exhibited changes in transcriptional profiles associated with innate immune and inflammatory responses. The infection of pDCs and cDCs by the two strains promoted cell differentiation to the CD103+ phenotype, but varied transcriptional profiles were observed, implying a strategy that the HSV-1 wild-type strain interferes with antiviral immunity, probably due to viral modification of the immunological phenotype of dendritic cells during processing and presentation of antigen to T cells, leading to a series of deviations in immune responses, ultimately generating the deficient immune phenotype observed in infected individuals in the clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Suqin Duan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Danjing Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyuan Zeng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyan Meng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xinghang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenye Niu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Guorun Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qihan Li, ; Ying Zhang,
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qihan Li, ; Ying Zhang,
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Carr DJJ, Berube A, Gershburg E. The Durability of Vaccine Efficacy against Ocular HSV-1 Infection Using ICP0 Mutants 0∆NLS and 0∆RING Is Lost over Time. Pathogens 2021; 10:1470. [PMID: 34832625 PMCID: PMC8618588 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines to viral pathogens in experimental animal models are often deemed successful if immunization enhances resistance of the host to virus challenge as measured by cumulative survival, reduction in virus replication and spread and/or lessen or eliminate overt tissue pathology. Furthermore, the duration of the protective response against challenge is another important consideration that drives a vaccination regimen. In the current study, we assessed the durability of two related vaccines, 0∆NLS and 0∆RING, against ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) challenge in mice thirty days (short-term) and one year (long-term) following the vaccine boost. The short-term vaccine efficacy study found the 0∆RING vaccine to be nearly equivalent to the 0∆NLS vaccine in comparison to vehicle-vaccinated mice in terms of controlling virus replication and preserving the visual axis. By comparison, the long-term assessment of the two vaccines found notable differences and less efficacy overall as noted below. Specifically, the results show that in comparison to vehicle-vaccinated mice, the 0∆NLS and 0∆RING vaccinated groups were more resistant in terms of survival and virus shedding following ocular challenge. Moreover, 0∆NLS vaccinated mice also possessed significantly less infectious virus in the peripheral and central nervous systems but not the cornea compared to mice vaccinated with vehicle or 0∆RING which had similar levels. However, all vaccinated groups showed similar levels of blood and lymphatic vessel genesis into the central cornea 30 days post infection. Likewise, corneal opacity was also similar among all groups of vaccinated mice following infection. Functionally, the blink response and visual acuity were 25-50% lower in vaccinated mice 30 days post infection compared to measurements taken prior to infection. The results demonstrate a dichotomy between resistance to infection and functional performance of the visual axis that collectively show an overall loss in vaccine efficacy long-term in comparison to short-term studies in a conventional prime-boost protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Amanda Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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Carr DJJ, Berube AN, Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB. Lack of neonatal Fc receptor does not diminish the efficacy of the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine against ocular HSV-1 challenge. Vaccine 2021; 39:2526-2536. [PMID: 33814229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is constitutively expressed in the cornea and is up-regulated in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Previously, we found targeting cornea FcRn expression by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown reduced the local efficacy of HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated C57BL/6 mice against ocular challenge with HSV-1. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine efficacy in FcRn deficient (FcRn KO) mice challenged with HSV-1. Whereas there was little neutralizing antibody detected in the serum of HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated FcRn KO mice, these mice exhibited the same degree of protection against ocular challenge with HSV-1 as wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice as measured by cumulative survival, infectious virus shed or retained in tissue, and corneal pathology including opacity and neovascularization. Mock-vaccinated FcRn KO mice were found to be more sensitive to ocular HSV-1 infection compared to mock-vaccinated (WT) mice in terms of cumulative survival and virus shedding. In addition, the FcRn KO mice generated significantly fewer effector (CD3+CD44+CD62L-) and central (CD3+CD44+CD62L+) memory CD8+ T cells compared to the WT mice 7 days post infection. Collectively, mock-vaccinated FcRn KO mice are susceptible to ocular HSV-1 infection but HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated FcRn KO mice are resistant suggesting that in addition to the FcRn, other pathways are involved in mediating the protective effect of the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine against subsequent HSV-1 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Amanda N Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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