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LaPointe A, Gale M, Kell AM. Orthohantavirus Replication in the Context of Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1130. [PMID: 37243216 PMCID: PMC10220641 DOI: 10.3390/v15051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne, negative-sense RNA viruses that are capable of causing severe vascular disease in humans. Over the course of viral evolution, these viruses have tailored their replication cycles in such a way as to avoid and/or antagonize host innate immune responses. In the rodent reservoir, this results in life long asymptomatic infections. However, in hosts other than its co-evolved reservoir, the mechanisms for subduing the innate immune response may be less efficient or absent, potentially leading to disease and/or viral clearance. In the case of human orthohantavirus infection, the interaction of the innate immune response with viral replication is thought to give rise to severe vascular disease. The orthohantavirus field has made significant advancements in understanding how these viruses replicate and interact with host innate immune responses since their identification by Dr. Ho Wang Lee and colleagues in 1976. Therefore, the purpose of this review, as part of this special issue dedicated to Dr. Lee, was to summarize the current knowledge of orthohantavirus replication, how viral replication activates innate immunity, and how the host antiviral response, in turn, impacts viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn LaPointe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison M. Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Li Z, Wang F, Ying Q, Kong D, Zhang X, Dong Y, Liu Y, Zhai D, Chen Z, Jia M, Xue X, Li M, Wu X. In vitro Anti-Hantavirus Activity of Protein Kinase Inhibitor 8G1 Targeting AKT/mTOR/eIF4E Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:880258. [PMID: 35847100 PMCID: PMC9279581 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.880258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the main cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) around the world, which results in profound morbidity and mortality. However, there are currently no FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines against HFRS. To find new anti-HTNV drugs, the inhibitory activity of 901 small molecule kinase inhibitors against HTNV is analyzed. Among these compounds, compound 8G1 inhibits HTNV with a relatively high inhibition rate and lower toxicity. The viral titer and nucleocapsid protein of HTNV are reduced after compound 8G1 treatment in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 μM. In addition, the administration of compound 8G1 at the early stage of HTNV infection can inhibit the replication of HTNV. The molecular docking result reveals that compound 8G1 forms interactions with the key amino acid residues of serine/threonine-protein kinase B (Akt), which is responsible for the observed affinity. Then, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) signaling pathways are inhibited. Our results may help to design novel targets for therapeutic intervention against HTNV infection and to understand the anti-HTNV mechanism of protein kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoupeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qikang Ying
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Mingkai Li
| | - Xingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Xingan Wu
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