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Liu X, Zhu C, Jia S, Deng H, Tang J, Sun X, Zeng X, Chen X, Wang Z, Liu W, Liao Q, Zha H, Cai X, Xiao W. Dual modifying of MAVS at lysine 7 by SIRT3-catalyzed deacetylation and SIRT5-catalyzed desuccinylation orchestrates antiviral innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314201121. [PMID: 38635631 PMCID: PMC11047105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314201121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To effectively protect the host from viral infection while avoiding excessive immunopathology, the innate immune response must be tightly controlled. However, the precise regulation of antiviral innate immunity and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that sirtuin3 (SIRT3) interacts with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to catalyze MAVS deacetylation at lysine residue 7 (K7), which promotes MAVS aggregation, as well as TANK-binding kinase I and IRF3 phosphorylation, resulting in increased MAVS activation and enhanced type I interferon signaling. Consistent with these findings, loss of Sirt3 in mice and zebrafish renders them more susceptible to viral infection compared to their wild-type (WT) siblings. However, Sirt3 and Sirt5 double-deficient mice exhibit the same viral susceptibility as their WT littermates, suggesting that loss of Sirt5 in Sirt3-deficient mice may counteract the increased viral susceptibility displayed in Sirt3-deficient mice. Thus, we not only demonstrate that SIRT3 positively regulates antiviral immunity in vitro and in vivo, likely via MAVS, but also uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism by which SIRT3 acts as an accelerator and SIRT5 as a brake to orchestrate antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shuke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Hongyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xueyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Huangyuan Zha
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan430072, China
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Lambona C, Zwergel C, Valente S, Mai A. SIRT3 Activation a Promise in Drug Development? New Insights into SIRT3 Biology and Its Implications on the Drug Discovery Process. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1662-1689. [PMID: 38261767 PMCID: PMC10859967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins catalyze deacetylation of lysine residues with a NAD+-dependent mechanism. In mammals, the sirtuin family is composed of seven members, divided into four subclasses that differ in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, regulation, as well as interactions with other proteins, both within and outside the epigenetic field. Recently, much interest has been growing in SIRT3, which is mainly involved in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, SIRT3 seems to be protective in diseases such as age-related, neurodegenerative, liver, kidney, heart, and metabolic ones, as well as in cancer. In most cases, activating SIRT3 could be a promising strategy to tackle these health problems. Here, we summarize the main biological functions, substrates, and interactors of SIRT3, as well as several molecules reported in the literature that are able to modulate SIRT3 activity. Among the activators, some derive from natural products, others from library screening, and others from the classical medicinal chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lambona
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur
Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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3
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Silva RDFE, Bassi G, Câmara NOS, Moretti NS. Sirtuins: Key pieces in the host response to pathogens' puzzle. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:150-160. [PMID: 37437515 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is changing the distribution of different pathogens around the globe, and humans are more susceptible to new or re-emerging infections. The human response to microbes is complex and involves different mechanisms of the immune system. Regulation of gene expression of immunity genes and of metabolism of immune cells are essential in this process. Both mechanisms could be regulated by protein lysine acetylation that will control chromatin structure affecting gene expression or key enzyme activity involved in cellular processes. Protein acetylation is crucial for the immunity and involves two families of enzymes: lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), which will promote protein acetylation, and lysine deacetylases (KDACs) that will reduce this modification. Lysine deacetylases are divided into Zinc-dependent or HDACs and NAD+ -dependent, or Sirtuins. These enzymes are in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria of mammalian cells affecting different cellular pathways, such as metabolism, gene expression, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, opening the opportunity to explore these proteins as drug targets in different diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative illness. Although widely explored in chronic diseases, very little is known about the role of Sirtuins during host response against microbes' infection. In this review we aim to explore the most recent literature evidencing a role for these enzymes during host responses to viruses, bacterial and protozoan infections, pointing out how these proteins can be manipulated by these pathogens to progress in the infection. Moreover, we will uncover the potential of host KDACs as therapeutic targets to prevent infections by activating effector immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogens, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogens, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nahálková J. A new view on functions of the lysine demalonylase activity of SIRT5. Life Sci 2023; 320:121572. [PMID: 36921688 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The specificity of the lysine demalonylation substrates of the pharmaceutically attractive tumor promoter/suppressor SIRT5 is not comprehensively clarified. The present study re-analyses publicly available data and highlights potentially pharmaceutically interesting outcomes by the use of bioinformatics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The interaction networks of SIRT5 malonylome from the wild-type and ob/ob (obese pre-diabetic type) mice were subjected to the pathway enrichment and gene function prediction analysis using GeneMania (3.5.2) application run under Cytoscape (3.9.1) environment. KEY FINDINGS The analysis in the wild-type mice revealed the involvement of SIRT5 malonylome in Eukaryotic translation elongation (ETE; the nodes EF1A1, EEF2, EEF1D, and EEF1G), Amino acid and derivative metabolism (AADM), and Selenoamino acid metabolism (SAM). The tumor promoter/suppressor activity of SIRT5 is mediated through the tumor promoter substrates included in AADM (GLUD1, SHMT1, ACAT1), and the tumor suppressor substrates involved in AADM and SAM (ALDH9A1, BHMT, GNMT). Selen stimulates the expression of SIRT5 and other sirtuins. SIRT5 in turn regulates the selenocysteine synthesis, which creates a regulatory loop. The analysis of SIRT5 malonylome in pre-diabetic ob/ob mice identifies the mTORC1 pathway as a mechanism, which facilitates SIRT5 functions. The comparison of the outcomes of SIRT5 malonylome, succinylome, and glutarylome analysis disclosed several differences. SIGNIFICANCE The analysis showed additional aspects of SIRT5 malonylome functions besides the control of glucose metabolism. It defined several unique substrates and pathways, and it showed differences compared to other enzymatic activities of SIRT5, which could be used for pharmaceutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Nahálková
- Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology Unit, Biochemworld Co., Snickar-Anders väg 17, 74394 Skyttorp, Uppsala County, Sweden.
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Sirt1 Negatively Regulates Cellular Antiviral Responses by Preventing the Cytoplasmic Translocation of Interferon-Inducible Protein 16 in Human Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0197522. [PMID: 36749073 PMCID: PMC9973000 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01975-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) plays a critical role in antiviral innate immune responses against DNA viruses. Although the acetylation of IFI16 is crucial to its cytoplasmic translocation and downstream signal transduction, the regulation of IFI16 acetylation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the NAD-dependent deacetylase silent information regulatory 1 (Sirtuin1, Sirt1) interacted with IFI16 and decreased the acetylation of IFI16, resulting in the inhibition of IFI16 cytoplasmic localization and antiviral responses against DNA virus and viral DNA in human cells. Meantime, Sirt1 could not inhibit RNA virus-triggered signal transduction. Interestingly, even p204, the murine ortholog of human IFI16, barely interacted with Sirt1. Thus, Sirt1 could not negatively regulate the acetylation of p204 and subsequent signal transduction upon herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in mouse cells. Taken together, our research work showed a new mechanism by which Sirt1 manipulated IFI16-mediated host defense. Our study also demonstrated a difference in the regulation of antiviral host defense between humans and mice, which might be considered in preclinical studies for antiviral treatment. IMPORTANCE DNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), can cause a wide range of diseases and are considered a global threat to human health. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) binds virus DNA and triggers antiviral innate immune responses to restrict viral infection. In this study, we identified that silent information regulatory 1 (Sirtuin1, Sirt1) interacted with IFI16 and regulated IFI16-mediated innate host defense. Therefore, the activator or inhibitor of Sirt1 may have the potential to be used as a novel strategy to treat DNA virus-associated diseases. We also found that Sirt1 barely interacted with p204, the murine ortholog of human IFI16, and could not negatively regulate innate immune responses upon HSV-1 infection in mouse cells. This difference between humans and mice in the regulation of antiviral host defense might be considered in preclinical studies for antiviral treatment.
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Lueking R, Clark AE, Narasimhan M, Mahimainathan L, Muthukumar A, Larsen CP, SoRelle JA. SARS-CoV-2 coinfections with variant genomic lineages identified by multiplex fragment analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:942713. [PMID: 36226173 PMCID: PMC9549124 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients can experience prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections in the setting of a lack of protectivity immunity despite vaccination. As circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains become more heterogeneous, concomitant infection with multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has become an increasing concern. Immunocompromised patient populations represent potential reservoirs for the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants through mutagenic change or coinfection followed by recombinatory events. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 coinfections is challenging using traditional next generation sequencing pipelines; however, targeted genotyping approaches can facilitate detection. Here we describe five COVID-19 cases caused by coinfection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta/Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.1/BA.2) as identified by multiplex fragment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lueking
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Andrew E. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lenin Mahimainathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Alagarraju Muthukumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. SoRelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey A. SoRelle,
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