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Wang D, Mao H, Zhao Z, Liu L, Chen Y, Li P. Reprogramming of the Aurantinin Polyketide Assembly Line to Synthesize Auritriacids by Excising an Atypical Enoyl-CoA Hydratase Domain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401708. [PMID: 38995095 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are capable of synthesizing diverse natural products with fascinating bioactivities. Canonical enoyl-CoA hydratases (ECHs) are components of the β-branching cassette that modifies the polyketide chain by adding a β-methyl branch. Herein, it is demonstrated that the deletion of an atypical ECHQ domain (featuring a Q280 residue) of Art21, a didomain protein contains an ECHQ domain and a thioesterase (TE) domain, reprograms the polyketide assembly line from synthesizing tetracyclic aurantinins (ARTs) to bicyclic auritriacids (ATAs) with much lower antibacterial activities. Genes encoding the ECHQ-TE didomain proteins distribute in many PKS gene clusters from different bacteria. Significantly, the ART PKS machinery can be directed to make ARTs, ATAs, or both of them by employing appropriate ECHQ-TE proteins, implying a great potential for using this reprogramming strategy in polyketide structure diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huijin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zelian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lilu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Wang S, Guan L, Sun Y, Cui L, Guo S, Wang M, Liu Y, Cui X, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Cao Y. An ultra performance liquid chromatography method for transthyretin variants screening and heart failure assisting diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117709. [PMID: 38103852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin (TTR) gene mutations are associated with hereditary amyloidosis (ATTR) caused by mutant TTR protein dissociation, misfolding, aggregation, and insoluble fibrils deposition. Herein, we reported a chromatographic approach for quantification and identification of TTR tetramer in human blood serum by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). METHODS TTR proteins and serum were incubated with a fluorescent TTR tetramer sensor (A2). The A2 sensor specifically reacted with tetrameric TTR and released stoichiometric fluorescence that was detected by fluorescence detector coupled to UPLC. The external standard was used for quantification, the chromatographic peak parameters were used to identification certain mutation types. RESULTS UPLC correctly distinguished 18 types of mutant TTR proteins from wild type. The results were consistent with follow-up analysis of two ATTR patients' blood serum samples. In addition, the tetrameric TTR of 30 heart failure (HF) patients showed strongly correlation (r = -0.63, p < 0.00) with NT-proBNP, a HF clinical biomarker. CONCLUSIONS UPLC method has sufficient accuracy to eliminate the necessity of sequencing for certain types of TTR mutations and allows for facile initial screening of ATTR amyloidosis patients, carriers, and healthy individuals for time-saving and economical purposes. TTR tetramer may serve as a diagnostic biomarker to evaluate the risk of HF diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liping Guan
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Li Cui
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shigang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang 122099, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xueting Cui
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China; Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Peng Q, Wang Z, Wu D, Li X, Liu X, Sun W, Liu N. Identification of single amino acid substitutions (SAAS) in neuraminidase from influenza a virus (H1N1) via mass spectrometry analysis coupled with de novo peptide sequencing. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:179-184. [PMID: 27539435 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Amino acid substitutions in the neuraminidase of the influenza virus are the main cause of the emergence of resistance to zanamivir or oseltamivir during seasonal influenza treatment; they are the result of non-synonymous mutations in the viral genome that can be successfully detected by polymer chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches. There is always an urgent need to detect variation in amino acid sequences directly at the protein level. Mass spectrometry coupled with de novo sequencing has been explored as an alternative and straightforward strategy for detecting amino acid substitutions, as well - this approach is the primary focus of the present study. METHODS Influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) propagated in embryonated chicken eggs was purified by ultracentrifugation, followed by PNGase F treatment. The deglycosylated virion was lysed and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The gel band corresponding to neuraminidase was picked up and subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analyses, coupled with manual de novo sequencing, allowed the determination of three amino acid substitutions: R346K, S349 N, and S370I/L, in the neuraminidase from the influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1), which were located in three mutated peptides of the neuraminidase: YGNGVWIGK, TKNHSSR, and PNGWTETDI/LK, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that the amino acid substitutions in the proteins of RNA viruses (including influenza A virus) resulting from non-synonymous gene mutations can indeed be directly analyzed via mass spectrometry, and that manual interpretation of the MS/MS data may be beneficial. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Donglin Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130025, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wanchun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
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Lavatelli F, di Fonzo A, Palladini G, Merlini G. Systemic amyloidoses and proteomics: The state of the art. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2016; 11:4-10. [PMID: 29900105 PMCID: PMC5988550 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is an established approach for diagnostic amyloid typing. Mass spectrometry-based methods to analyze amyloid precursors have been developed. Proteomic studies are ongoing to identify novel biomarkers and clarify disease mechanisms.
Systemic amyloidoses are caused by misfolding-prone proteins that polymerize in tissues, causing organ dysfunction. Since proteins are etiological agents of these diseases, proteomics was soon recognized as a privileged instrument for their investigation. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has acquired a fundamental role in management of systemic amyloidoses, being now considered a gold standard approach for amyloid typing. In parallel, approaches for analyzing circulating amyloid precursors have been developed. Moreover, differential and functional proteomics hold promise for identifying novel biomarkers and clarifying disease mechanisms. This review discusses recent proteomics achievements in systemic amyloidoses, providing a perspective on its present and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lavatelli
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea di Fonzo
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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5
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Patrie SM. Top-Down Mass Spectrometry: Proteomics to Proteoforms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 919:171-200. [PMID: 27975217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41448-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This chapter highlights many of the fundamental concepts and technologies in the field of top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS), and provides numerous examples of contributions that TD is making in biology, biophysics, and clinical investigations. TD workflows include variegated steps that may include non-specific or targeted preparative strategies, orthogonal liquid chromatography techniques, analyte ionization, mass analysis, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and informatics procedures. This diversity of experimental designs has evolved to manage the large dynamic range of protein expression and diverse physiochemical properties of proteins in proteome investigations, tackle proteoform microheterogeneity, as well as determine structure and composition of gas-phase proteins and protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Patrie
- Computational and Systems Biology & Biomedical Engineering Graduate Programs, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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da Costa G, Ribeiro-Silva C, Ribeiro R, Gilberto S, Gomes RA, Ferreira A, Mateus É, Barroso E, Coelho AV, Freire AP, Cordeiro C. Transthyretin Amyloidosis: Chaperone Concentration Changes and Increased Proteolysis in the Pathway to Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125392. [PMID: 26147092 PMCID: PMC4492746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis is a conformational pathology characterized by the extracellular formation of amyloid deposits and the progressive impairment of the peripheral nervous system. Point mutations in this tetrameric plasma protein decrease its stability and are linked to disease onset and progression. Since non-mutated transthyretin also forms amyloid in systemic senile amyloidosis and some mutation bearers are asymptomatic throughout their lives, non-genetic factors must also be involved in transthyretin amyloidosis. We discovered, using a differential proteomics approach, that extracellular chaperones such as fibrinogen, clusterin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-anti-trypsin and 2-macroglobulin are overrepresented in transthyretin amyloidosis. Our data shows that a complex network of extracellular chaperones are over represented in human plasma and we speculate that they act synergistically to cope with amyloid prone proteins. Proteostasis may thus be as important as point mutations in transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo da Costa
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel Ribeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Samuel Gilberto
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Gomes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av. da República Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Ferreira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Élia Mateus
- Unidade de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Barroso
- Unidade de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana V Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av. da República Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Ponces Freire
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Gregorich ZR, Ge Y. Top-down proteomics in health and disease: challenges and opportunities. Proteomics 2014; 14:1195-210. [PMID: 24723472 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics is essential for deciphering how molecules interact as a system and for understanding the functions of cellular systems in human disease; however, the unique characteristics of the human proteome, which include a high dynamic range of protein expression and extreme complexity due to a plethora of PTMs and sequence variations, make such analyses challenging. An emerging "top-down" MS-based proteomics approach, which provides a "bird's eye" view of all proteoforms, has unique advantages for the assessment of PTMs and sequence variations. Recently, a number of studies have showcased the potential of top-down proteomics for the unraveling of disease mechanisms and discovery of new biomarkers. Nevertheless, the top-down approach still faces significant challenges in terms of protein solubility, separation, and the detection of large intact proteins, as well as underdeveloped data analysis tools. Consequently, new technological developments are urgently needed to advance the field of top-down proteomics. Herein, we intend to provide an overview of the recent applications of top-down proteomics in biomedical research. Moreover, we will outline the challenges and opportunities facing top-down proteomics strategies aimed at understanding and diagnosing human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Gregorich
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Corbett JR, Plymire DA, Greenberg BM, Patrie SM. Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandinD-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2014; 14:1223-31. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pathology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; TX USA
| | - John R. Corbett
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Texas at Dallas; TX USA
| | - Daniel A. Plymire
- Department of Pathology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; TX USA
| | | | - Steven M. Patrie
- Department of Pathology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; TX USA
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9
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Lion N, Tissot JD. Application of proteomics to hematology: the revolution is starting. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:375-9. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Végvári Á, Sjödin K, Rezeli M, Malm J, Lilja H, Laurell T, Marko-Varga G. Identification of a novel proteoform of prostate specific antigen (SNP-L132I) in clinical samples by multiple reaction monitoring. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2761-73. [PMID: 23842001 PMCID: PMC3790289 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a well-established tumor marker that is frequently employed as model biomarker in the development and evaluation of emerging quantitative proteomics techniques, partially as a result of wide access to commercialized immunoassays serving as "gold standards." We designed a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay to detect PSA proteoforms in clinical samples (n = 72), utilizing the specificity and sensitivity of the method. We report, for the first time, a PSA proteoform coded by SNP-L132I (rs2003783) that was observed in nine samples in both heterozygous (n = 7) and homozygous (n = 2) expression profiles. Other isoforms of PSA, derived from protein databases, were not identified by four unique proteotypic tryptic peptides. We have also utilized our MRM assay for precise quantitative analysis of PSA concentrations in both seminal and blood plasma samples. The analytical performance was evaluated, and close agreement was noted between quantitations based on three selected peptides (LSEPAELTDAVK, IVGGWECEK, and SVILLGR) and a routinely used commercialized immunoassay. Additionally, we disclose that the peptide IVGGWECEK is shared with kallikrein-related peptidase 2 and therefore is not unique for PSA. Thus, we propose the use of another tryptic sequence (SVILLGR) for accurate MRM quantification of PSA in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Végvári
- From ‡Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Dept. of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, BMC C13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Sjödin
- From ‡Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Dept. of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, BMC C13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- From ‡Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Dept. of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, BMC C13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- ¶Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- ¶Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- ‖Depts. of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU-Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
- **Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
- ‡‡Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Biokatu 8, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas Laurell
- From ‡Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Dept. of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, BMC C13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- §§Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, South Korea
| | - György Marko-Varga
- From ‡Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Dept. of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, BMC C13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- ¶¶First Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjiku Shinjiku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 Japan
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11
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Brambilla F, Lavatelli F, Merlini G, Mauri P. Clinical proteomics for diagnosis and typing of systemic amyloidoses. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Brambilla
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR); Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit; Segrate (MI); Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia; Italy
| | | | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB-CNR); Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit; Segrate (MI); Italy
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12
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Koryakina I, McArthur J, Randall S, Draelos MM, Musiol EM, Muddiman DC, Weber T, Williams GJ. Poly specific trans-acyltransferase machinery revealed via engineered acyl-CoA synthetases. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:200-8. [PMID: 23083014 DOI: 10.1021/cb3003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyketide synthases construct polyketides with diverse structures and biological activities via the condensation of extender units and acyl thioesters. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that polyketide synthases might be tolerant to non-natural extender units, in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at probing and utilizing polyketide synthase specificity are severely limited to only a small number of extender units, owing to the lack of synthetic routes to a broad variety of acyl-CoA extender units. Here, we report the construction of promiscuous malonyl-CoA synthetase variants that can be used to synthesize a broad range of malonyl-CoA extender units substituted at the C2-position, several of which contain handles for chemoselective ligation and are not found in natural biosynthetic systems. We highlighted utility of these enzymes by probing the acyl-CoA specificity of several trans-acyltransferases, leading to the unprecedented discovery of poly specificity toward non-natural extender units, several of which are not found in naturally occurring biosynthetic pathways. These results reveal that polyketide biosynthetic machinery might be more tolerant to non-natural substrates than previously established, and that mutant synthetases are valuable tools for probing the specificity of biosynthetic machinery. Our data suggest new synthetic biology strategies for harnessing this promiscuity and enabling the regioselective modification of polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ewa M. Musiol
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Interfakultäres Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie,
Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Tilmann Weber
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Interfakultäres Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie,
Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Amyloidoses are characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid deposits, constituted by fibrillar aggregates of misfolded proteins. Despite the similar morphologic appearance of fibrils, at least 28 different proteins have been detected as causative agents of human amyloidoses, 14 of which associated with systemic forms. Unequivocal typing of the amyloid deposits is a key step in the management of these diseases. Existing drawbacks of traditional, immunohistochemistry-based techniques have driven the search for alternative solutions for direct amyloid typing. Proteomics indicates the comprehensive study of the proteins in a biological sample, centered on analysis by mass spectrometry. The great potential of this approach in describing the composition of amyloid deposits and in studying the molecular features of the amyloidogenic precursors has become immediately clear and the introduction of proteomics in the clinical practice has revolutionized the field of amyloid typing. This review provides a critical overview of the various approaches that have been proposed in this specific context, along with a brief description of the proteomic methods for assessment of the circulating amyloidogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lavatelli
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Italy.
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Zhou H, Ning Z, E. Starr A, Abu-Farha M, Figeys D. Advancements in Top-Down Proteomics. Anal Chem 2011; 84:720-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202882y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhou
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Zhibing Ning
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5
| | - Amanda E. Starr
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8M5
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15
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Proteomics in molecular diagnosis: typing of amyloidosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:754109. [PMID: 22131817 PMCID: PMC3205904 DOI: 10.1155/2011/754109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of disorders caused by deposition of misfolded proteins as aggregates in the extracellular tissues of the body, leading to impairment of organ function. Correct identification of the causal amyloid protein is absolutely crucial for clinical management in order to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate, potentially harmful treatment, to assess prognosis and to offer genetic counselling if relevant. Current diagnostic methods, including antibody-based amyloid typing, have limited ability to detect the full range of amyloid forming proteins. Recent investigations into proteomic identification of amyloid protein have shown promise. This paper will review the current state of the art in proteomic analysis of amyloidosis, discuss the suitability of techniques based on the properties of amyloidosis, and further suggest potential areas of development. Establishment of mass spectrometry aided amyloid typing procedures in the pathology laboratory will allow accurate amyloidosis diagnosis in a timely manner and greatly facilitate clinical management of the disease.
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Trenchevska O, Kamcheva E, Nedelkov D. Mass spectrometric immunoassay for quantitative determination of transthyretin and its variants. Proteomics 2011; 11:3633-41. [PMID: 21751365 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR, or prealbumin) is a tetrameric protein found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Its major role is to transport thyroid hormones (thyroxin-T4) and retinol (through association with retinol-binding protein). TTR has been studied extensively due to the great number of point mutations that result in sequence heterogeneity. Many of these variants are associated with pathological conditions that result in extracellular deposition of amyloid fibers in tissues. In this work, we have developed a rapid mass spectrometric immunoassay for determination and quantification of TTR and its variants from human serum and plasma samples. The assay was fully characterized in terms of its precision, linearity and recovery characteristics. The new assay was also compared with a conventional TTR ELISA. Furthermore, we have applied the optimized method to analyze TTR and its modifications in 44 human plasma samples, and in the process optimized a method for TTR proteolytic digestion and identification of point mutations.
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17
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Théberge R, Infusini G, Tong W, McComb ME, Costello CE. Top-Down Analysis of Small Plasma Proteins Using an LTQ-Orbitrap. Potential for Mass Spectrometry-Based Clinical Assays for Transthyretin and Hemoglobin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 300:130-142. [PMID: 21607198 PMCID: PMC3098445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis and hemoglobinopathies are the archetypes of molecular diseases where point mutation characterization is diagnostically critical. We have developed a Top-down analytical platform for variant and/or modified protein sequencing and are examining the feasibility of using this platform for the analysis of hemoglobin/TTR patient samples and evaluating the potential clinical applications. The platform is based on a commercial high resolution hybrid orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap(™)) with automated sample introduction; automated data analysis is performed by our own software algorithm (BUPID topdown).The analytical strategy consists of iterative data capture, first recording a mass profile of the protein(s). The presence of a variant is revealed by a mass shift consistent with the amino acid substitution. Nozzle-skimmer dissociation (NSD) of the protein(s) yields a wide variety of sequence-defining fragment ions. The fragment ion containing the amino acid substitution or modification can be identified by searching for a peak exhibiting the mass shift observed in the protein mass profile. This fragment ion can then be selected for MS/MS analysis in the ion trap to yield sequence information permitting the identification of the variant. Substantial sequence coverage has been obtained in this manner. This strategy allows for a stepwise MS/MS analysis of the protein structure. The sequence information obtained can be supplemented with whole protein NSD fragmentation and MS/MS analysis of specific protein charge states. The analyses of variant forms of TTR and hemoglobin are presented to illustrate the potential of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Catherine E. Costello
- Address for correspondence: Prof. Catherine E. Costello, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Room 511, Boston, MA 02118-2646, Ph.: (617) 638-6490, Fax: (617) 638-6491,
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18
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Wang Q, Chaerkady R, Wu J, Hwang HJ, Papadopoulos N, Kopelovich L, Maitra A, Matthaei H, Eshleman JR, Hruban RH, Kinzler KW, Pandey A, Vogelstein B. Mutant proteins as cancer-specific biomarkers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2444-9. [PMID: 21248225 PMCID: PMC3038743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019203108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers are currently the subject of intense research because of their potential utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. In theory, the gene products resulting from somatic mutations are the ultimate protein biomarkers, being not simply associated with tumors but actually responsible for tumorigenesis. We show here that the altered protein products resulting from somatic mutations can be identified directly and quantified by mass spectrometry. The peptides expressed from normal and mutant alleles were detected by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of their product ions using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. As a prototypical example of this approach, we demonstrated that it is possible to quantify the number and fraction of mutant Ras protein present in cancer cell lines. There were an average of 1.3 million molecules of Ras protein per cell, and the ratio of mutant to normal Ras proteins ranged from 0.49 to 5.6. Similarly, we found that mutant Ras proteins could be detected and quantified in clinical specimens such as colorectal and pancreatic tumor tissues as well as in premalignant pancreatic cyst fluids. In addition to answering basic questions about the relative levels of genetically abnormal proteins in tumors, this approach could prove useful for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore 560066, India; and
| | - Jian Wu
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Hee Jung Hwang
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Nick Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and
| | - Hanno Matthaei
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and
| | - James R. Eshleman
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and
| | - Kenneth W. Kinzler
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and
- Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21231
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19
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Zinellu A, Lepedda A, Sotgia S, Zinellu E, Marongiu G, Usai MF, Gaspa L, De Muro P, Formato M, Deiana L, Carru C. Albumin-bound low molecular weight thiols analysis in plasma and carotid plaques by CE. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:126-31. [PMID: 19950356 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new method for the quantification of low molecular weight thiols, as homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutamylcysteine and glutathione bound to human plasma albumin. After albumin isolation and purification by SDS-PAGE, thiols were freed from protein with tri-n-butylphosphine and successively derivatized with 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein. Samples were then injected and quantified in about 18 min by CE with laser induced fluorescence detection. Precision tests indicate a good repeatability of the method both for migration times (RSD<0.63%) and areas (RSD<2.98%). The method allows to measure all five low molecular weight thiols released from just 3 microg of albumin thus improving the other described methods in which only three or four thiols were detected. Due to the elevated sensitivity (LOD of 0.3 pM for all thiols), also low molecular weight thiols bound to albumin filtered in tissues could be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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20
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Sabareesh V, Sarkar P, Sardesai AA, Chatterji D. Identifying N60D mutation in ω subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by bottom-up proteomic approach. Analyst 2010; 135:2723-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Williams DK, Kovach AL, Muddiman DC, Hanck KW. Utilizing artificial neural networks in MATLAB to achieve parts-per-billion mass measurement accuracy with a fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1303-10. [PMID: 19362012 PMCID: PMC2752871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has the ability to realize exceptional mass measurement accuracy (MMA); MMA is one of the most significant attributes of mass spectrometric measurements as it affords extraordinary molecular specificity. However, due to space-charge effects, the achievable MMA significantly depends on the total number of ions trapped in the ICR cell for a particular measurement, as well as relative ion abundance of a given species. Artificial neural network calibration in conjunction with automatic gain control (AGC) is utilized in these experiments to formally account for the differences in total ion population in the ICR cell between the external calibration spectra and experimental spectra. In addition, artificial neural network calibration is used to account for both differences in total ion population in the ICR cell as well as relative ion abundance of a given species, which also affords mean MMA values at the parts-per-billion level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenneth W. Hanck
- Author for Correspondence Kenneth W. Hanck, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Phone: 919-513-5641
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22
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Liu N, Song W, Lee KC, Wang P, Chen H, Cai Z. Identification of amino acid substitutions in avian influenza virus (H5N1) matrix protein 1 by using nanoelectrospray MS and MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:312-320. [PMID: 19019697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix protein 1 (M1), the major structural protein of the avian influenza virus, plays a critical role in regulation of viral RNA transcription via interaction with RNA and transportation of RNP cores. Mutations in M1 have been frequently observed in the highly virulent avian influenza H5N1 virus, which might be crucial to the pathogenic function. Here we report the characterization of mutated peptides in M1 purified from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 by nanoelectrospray MS and MS/MS analyses on a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOFMS). The specificity of tandem mass spectrometry allowed the identification of six amino acid (AA) substitutions in M1, including R95K, A166V, I168T, N207S, N224S, and R230K. Two commonly observed modifications such as oxidation and deamidation were accurately assigned in the protein. Bioinformatics analysis suggested some relationship between the amino acid substitution and structural property of M1 protein. Discussions on de novo sequencing of MS/MS spectra, especially in dealing with the AA substitutions, were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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24
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Collier TS, Hawkridge AM, Georgianna DR, Payne GA, Muddiman DC. Top-down identification and quantification of stable isotope labeled proteins from Aspergillus flavus using online nano-flow reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a LTQ-FTICR mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4994-5001. [PMID: 18512951 DOI: 10.1021/ac800254z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Online liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis of intact proteins (i.e., top-down proteomics) is a growing area of research in the mass spectrometry community. A major advantage of top-down MS characterization of proteins is that the information of the intact protein is retained over the vastly more common bottom-up approach that uses protease-generated peptides to search genomic databases for protein identification. Concurrent to the emergence of top-down MS characterization of proteins has been the development and implementation of the stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) method for relative quantification of proteins by LC-MS. Herein we describe the qualitative and quantitative top-down characterization of proteins derived from SILAC-labeled Aspergillus flavus using nanoflow reversed-phase liquid chromatography directly coupled to a linear ion trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (nLC-LTQ-FTICR-MS). A. flavus is a toxic filamentous fungus that significantly impacts the agricultural economy and human health. SILAC labeling improved the confidence of protein identification, and we observed 1318 unique protein masses corresponding to 659 SILAC pairs, of which 22 were confidently identified. However, we have observed some limiting issues with regard to protein quantification using top-down MS/MS analyses of SILAC-labeled proteins. The role of SILAC labeling in the presence of competing endogenously produced amino acid residues and its impact on quantification of intact species are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Collier
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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25
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Roth MJ, Parks BA, Ferguson JT, Boyne MT, Kelleher NL. "Proteotyping": population proteomics of human leukocytes using top down mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2857-66. [PMID: 18351787 DOI: 10.1021/ac800141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing combinations of coding polymorphisms (cSNPs), alternative splicing and post-translational modifications (PTMs) on a single protein by standard peptide-based proteomics is challenging owing to <100% sequence coverage and the uncoupling effect of proteolysis on such variations >10-20 residues apart. Because top down MS measures the whole protein, combinations of all the variations affecting primary sequence can be detected as they occur in combination. The protein form generated by all types of variation is here termed the "proteotype", akin to a haplotype at the DNA level. Analysis of proteins from human primary leukocytes harvested from leukoreduction filters using a dual on-line/off-line top down MS strategy produced >600 unique intact masses, 133 of which were identified from 67 unique genes. Utilizing a two-dimensional platform, termed multidimensional protein characterization by automated top down (MudCAT), 108 of the above protein forms were subsequently identified in the absence of MS/MS in 4 days. Additionally, MudCAT enables the quantitation of allele ratios for heterozygotes and PTM occupancies for phosphorylated species. The diversity of the human proteome is embodied in the fact that 32 of the identified proteins harbored cSNPs, PTMs, or were detected as proteolysis products. Among the information were three partially phosphorylated proteins and three proteins heterozygous at known cSNP loci, with evidence for non-1:1 expression ratios obtained for different alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Roth
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 39 RAL 600 South Matthews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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26
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Williams DK, Muddiman DC. Parts-per-billion mass measurement accuracy achieved through the combination of multiple linear regression and automatic gain control in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5058-63. [PMID: 17539605 PMCID: PMC2651406 DOI: 10.1021/ac0704210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has the ability to achieve unprecedented mass measurement accuracy (MMA); MMA is one of the most significant attributes of mass spectrometric measurements as it affords extraordinary molecular specificity. However, due to space-charge effects, the achievable MMA significantly depends on the total number of ions trapped in the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell for a particular measurement. Even through the use of automatic gain control (AGC), the total ion population is not constant between spectra. Multiple linear regression calibration in conjunction with AGC is utilized in these experiments to formally account for the differences in total ion population in the ICR cell between the external calibration spectra and experimental spectra. This ability allows for the extension of dynamic range of the instrument and for the mean MMA values to remain less than 1 part-per-million (ppm). In addition, multiple linear regression calibration is used to account for both differences in total ion population in the ICR cell as well as relative ion abundance of a given species, which also affords mean MMA values at the parts-per-billion (ppb) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Keith Williams
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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27
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Gloerich J, Wevers RA, Smeitink JAM, van Engelen BG, van den Heuvel LP. Proteomics approaches to study genetic and metabolic disorders. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:506-12. [PMID: 17269707 DOI: 10.1021/pr060487w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several proteomics approaches to study different aspects of genetic and metabolic diseases are presented. The choice of technique is strongly dependent on the biological question to be addressed and the availability and amount of sample. In general, there are three approaches that may be used to study genetic and metabolic diseases: protein profiling of complex biological samples, identification of affected proteins, or a functional proteomics approach to study protein interactions and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolein Gloerich
- Laboratory for Pediatrics and Neurology, Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular Center Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Muddiman DC, Oberg AL. Statistical evaluation of internal and external mass calibration laws utilized in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 77:2406-14. [PMID: 15828774 DOI: 10.1021/ac048258l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The statistical evaluation of two common and three new calibration laws utilized in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry are presented. Electrospray ionization was used to prepare a series of mass spectra of ammonium-adducted polypropylene glycol (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 1000 Da. The singly charged PPG-1000 oligomers allowed for the description of a broad range of m/z and abundance values within each mass spectrum. The hexapole accumulation time was varied to afford a range of total ion abundance values of about an order of magnitude. To examine each of the calibration laws, we utilized cross-validation both "within-spectrum" and "between-spectra" for internally and externally calibrated data, respectively. In addition, we used t-statistics to ensure that each calibration coefficient was statistically significant and necessary to accurately describe the variation in the data. In comparison to commonly used calibration laws for internal calibration, our new calibration law based on multiple linear regression offered a 2-fold improvement in mass measurement accuracy (MMA). In comparison to external calibration laws without automatic gain control, our new calibration law using multiple regression improved the MMA by >10-fold; this improvement would increase further as the dynamic range of the measurement increases (e.g., a biological system). For both our internal and external calibration laws, the median MMA was less than 1 part-per-million. Furthermore, we investigate the number of calibrant ions as well as their required m/z range in order to successfully achieve high MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Mayo Proteomics Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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29
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Williams DK, Hawkridge AM, Muddiman DC. Sub parts-per-million mass measurement accuracy of intact proteins and product ions achieved using a dual electrospray ionization quadrupole fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1-7. [PMID: 16979902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
High mass measurement accuracy (MMA) is demonstrated for intact proteins and subsequent collision-induced dissociation product ions using internal calibration. Internal calibration was accomplished using a dual electrospray ionization source coupled with a hybrid quadrupole Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (Q-FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Initially, analyte ions generated via the first electrospray (ESI) emitter are isolated and dissociated in the external quadrupole. This event is followed by a simultaneous switch to the calibrant ion ESI emitter and a disablement of the isolation and activation of the external quadrupole such that a broad m/z range of calibrant ions are accumulated before injecting the analyte/calibrant ion mixture into the ICR cell. Two different internal calibrant solutions were utilized in these studies to evaluate this approach for the top-down characterization of melittin and ubiquitin. While external calibration of protein fragments resulted in absolute MMA greater than 16 ppm, internal standardization significantly improved upon the MMA of both the intact proteins and their products ions which ranged from -2.0 ppm to 1.1 ppm, with an average of -0.9 ppm. This method requires limited modification to ESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometers and is applicable for both positive and negative ionization modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Keith Williams
- W M Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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30
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Sampson JS, Hawkridge AM, Muddiman DC. Generation and detection of multiply-charged peptides and proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:1712-6. [PMID: 16952462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the coupling of a hybrid ionization source, matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI), to a Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). The details of the source design and initial data are presented. Analysis of peptides and proteins ranging from 1 to 8.6 kDa resulted in high resolving power single-acquisition FT-ICR mass spectra with average charge-states highly correlated to those obtained by nanoESI, thus, providing strong evidence that the ESI process dictates the observed charge-state distribution. Importantly, unlike the recently introduced electrospray assisted laser desorption ionization (ELDI) source reported by Shiea and coworkers [1, 2], the data we have obtained to date rely on the use of an organic acid matrix. The results presented herein provide insight into the charging mechanism of this emerging ionization approach, while also expanding the utility of FT-ICR MS for top-down protein and complex mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Sampson
- W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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31
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Hortin GL, Seam N, Hoehn GT. Bound homocysteine, cysteine, and cysteinylglycine distribution between albumin and globulins. Clin Chem 2006; 52:2258-64. [PMID: 17068168 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.074302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major portions of homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly), and glutathione in serum are covalently bound to proteins via disulfides. Albumin has been considered the dominant binding protein. METHODS Pooled serum and plasma from healthy adults were fractionated into albumin and globulins by affinity columns. Content of Hcy, Cys, CysGly, and glutathione was determined for serum and plasma fractions and purified proteins by an HPLC method before and after incubation with excess CysGly, Hcy, or glutathione RESULTS Of protein-bound amino acids in pooled serum, 12% of Hcy, 21% of Cys, and 33% of CysGly were bound to globulins, with the remainder bound to albumin. Slightly higher proportions were bound to globulins in pooled plasma. Globulins had approximately 16% of total exchangeable disulfide and thiol groups in serum based on results of loading with CysGly. These results agree with expected abundance of unpaired Cys residues in globulins relative to albumin. Significant amounts of disulfide-linked amino acids were detected for HDL and alpha1-acid glycoprotein but not for transferrin. Exchange of disulfide-linked amino acids on exposure to excess Hcy or glutathione was much faster for albumin than for alpha1-acid glycoprotein. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 10%-30%, of protein-bound Hcy, Cys, and CysGly are disulfide-linked to globulins. Amino acids disulfide-linked to albumin are rapidly exchangeable, while exchange of disulfide-linked amino acids from globulins, such as alpha1-acid glycoprotein, is much slower. Consequently, the pools of Hcy, Cys, and CysGly bound to albumin and globulin may represent kinetically and functionally distinct pools. Plasma concentrations of total Hcy and Cys, which are dominated by albumin-bound pools, may not reflect the abundance of functionally significant modifications of globulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen L Hortin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the related technique, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-TOF MS, are being applied widely to analyze serum or plasma specimens for potential disease markers. METHODS Reports on the basic principles and applications of MALDI-TOF MS were reviewed and related to information on abundance and masses of major plasma proteins. OUTCOMES MALDI-TOF MS is a particle-counting method that responds to molar abundance, and ranking of plasma proteins by molar abundance increases the rank of small proteins relative to traditional ranking by mass abundance. Detectors for MALDI-TOF MS augment the bias for detecting smaller components by yielding stronger signals for an equivalent number of small vs large ions. Consequently, MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool for surveying small proteins and peptides comprising the peptidome or fragmentome, opening this new realm for analysis. It is complementary to techniques such as electrophoresis and HPLC, which have a bias for detecting larger molecules. Virtually all of the potential markers identified by MALDI-TOF MS to date represent forms of the most abundant plasma proteins. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of serum or plasma by MALDI-TOF MS provide new information mainly about small proteins and peptides with high molar abundance. The spectrum of observed proteins and peptides suggests value for applications such as assessment of cardiovascular risk, nutritional status, liver injury, kidney failure, and systemic immune responses rather than early detection of cancer. Extending analysis by MALDI-TOF MS to lower abundance components, such as markers for early-stage cancers, probably will require more extensive specimen fractionation before analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen L Hortin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Room 2C-407, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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33
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Tanaka K, Takenaka S, Tsuyama S, Wada Y. Determination of unique amino acid substitutions in protein variants by peptide mass mapping with FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:508-513. [PMID: 16490358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 12/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide mass mapping plays a central role in the structural characterization of protein variants with single amino acid substitutions. Among the 20 standard amino acids found in living organisms, 18, all but Leu and Ile, differ from each other in molecular mass. The mass differences between amino acids range from 0.0364 to 129.0578 Da. The mass of the mutated peptide or the difference between normal and mutated peptides uniquely determines the type of substitution in some cases, and even pinpoints the position of the mutation when the involved residue is found only once in the peptide. Among 75 pairs of amino acid residues that are exchangeable via a single nucleotide replacement, 53 show specific change in exact mass, while only 25 in nominal mass. On the other hand, precise measurement, at least to the third decimal place, greatly enhances the capacity of the peptide mass mapping strategy for structural characterization. This notion was verified by an analysis of three Hb variants using MALDI-FTICR MS. In addition, the baseline resolution of two 1 kDa peptides with a single amino acid difference, Lys or Gln, which have the smallest (0.0364 Da) difference among residues, was achieved by measurement at a mass resolving power of 342,000. The results indicated that the smallest difference, 0.0040 Da between [Delta29.9742 for Glu-Val] and [Delta29.9782 for Trp-Arg], among all types of amino acid substitutions derived from a single nucleotide replacement can be discriminated at the present performance level. Therefore, FTICR MS is capable of identifying all 53 types of substitutions, each of which is associated with a unique mass difference, except for the Leu and Ile isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, 594-1101, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsuyama
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, 594-1101, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
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Hortin GL, Remaley AT. Mass determination of major plasma proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Proteomics 2006. [DOI: 10.1385/cp:2:1:103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Anderson L. Candidate-based proteomics in the search for biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2005; 563:23-60. [PMID: 15611012 PMCID: PMC1665562 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The key concept of proteomics (looking at many proteins at once) opens new avenues in the search for clinically useful biomarkers of disease, treatment response and ageing. As the number of proteins that can be detected in plasma or serum (the primary clinical diagnostic samples) increases towards 1000, a paradoxical decline has occurred in the number of new protein markers approved for diagnostic use in clinical laboratories. This review explores the limitations of current proteomics protein discovery platforms, and proposes an alternative approach, applicable to a range of biological/physiological problems, in which quantitative mass spectrometric methods developed for analytical chemistry are employed to measure limited sets of candidate markers in large sets of clinical samples. A set of 177 candidate biomarker proteins with reported associations to cardiovascular disease and stroke are presented as a starting point for such a 'directed proteomics' approach.
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Bergen HR, Muddiman DC, O'Brien JF, Hoyer JD. Normalization of relative peptide ratios derived from in-gel digests: applications to protein variant analysis at the peptide level. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2871-2877. [PMID: 16155979 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect protein variants and post-translational modifications by mass spectrometry has become increasingly important. Unfortunately, the ability to detect variants in large intact proteins (>80,000 Da) is limited. Even in the analysis of smaller proteins, algorithms are required to determine the presence of a 2 Da mass shift in an intact 13 kDa protein because the isotopic distribution of the multiply charged ions of the variant overlaps the wild-type distribution. Fortunately, most modern instruments are capable of detecting variants in tryptic peptides derived from intact proteins. If a single common variant protein is known, the presence of a variant tryptic peptide can be easily demonstrated. A more difficult issue is the case where a multiplicity of peptides with multiple amino acid substitutions can be associated with pathology. In these cases a decrease in the relative amount of a variant peptide relative to other internal tryptic fragments would be diagnostic. However, the variability associated with the analysis of in-gel or solution digests of proteins, related to efficiencies in digestion, extraction and ionization, confounds variant analysis at the peptide level. A strategy was developed to normalize for this variability by utilizing multiple isotopically labeled internal standards for multiple peptides derived from the same protein. Erythrocyte spectrin from 36 normal and 25 abnormal osmotic fragility samples was analyzed as a test case. Three isotopically labeled target peptides comprising the alpha/beta-spectrin self-association sites were added to purified digested alpha-spectrin. The utilization of multiple internal standards demonstrates the capability to normalize for sample variability due to ionization efficiency, solvent effects, digestion and extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robert Bergen
- Mayo Proteomics Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Kinter M. Toward Broader Inclusion of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1500-2. [PMID: 15331498 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.037523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bergen HR, Zeldenrust SR, Butz ML, Snow DS, Dyck PJ, Dyck PJB, Klein CJ, O'Brien JF, Thibodeau SN, Muddiman DC. Identification of Transthyretin Variants by Sequential Proteomic and Genomic Analysis. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1544-52. [PMID: 15217993 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.033266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Transthyretin-associated hereditary amyloidosis (ATTR) is an inherited disease in which variants in the primary structure of transthyretin (TTR; prealbumin) lead to the extracellular polymerization of insoluble protein fibrils, causing organ failure and ultimately death when major organs are involved. We have developed an integrated approach to molecular diagnosis with initial analysis of intact plasma TTR by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and referral of positive samples for DNA sequence analysis and real-time PCR to confirm the common Gly6Ser polymorphism.
Methods: Samples from 6 patients previously diagnosed with ATTR and from 25 controls with (n = 15) or without (n = 10) polyneuropathy were analyzed in a blinded fashion for the presence of variant TTR. TTR protein was extracted with an immunoaffinity resin from 20 μL of archived plasma samples. The purified TTR was reduced with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine and analyzed by MS. The appearance of two peaks (or a single peak shifted in mass indicative of a homozygous variant), including the wild-type mass of 13 761 Da, was indicative of the presence of a variant, and the individual was referred for DNA sequence analysis.
Results: MS analysis of intact reduced TTR correctly identified each of six samples known to contain variant TTR. These results were corroborated by subsequent DNA sequence analysis. Additionally, all Gly6Ser polymorphisms were correctly called based on the +30 mass shift and an equal relative abundance of the +30 polymorphism relative to wild-type TTR. No false-positive results were seen.
Conclusions: This referral method eliminates the necessity of sequencing most samples and allows screening for the familial forms of amyloidosis in a broad patient population in a timely fashion. This method correctly identified all previously known variants and also identified a novel variant, Val94Ala.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robert Bergen
- WM Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Mayo Proteomics Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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