1
|
Ghorbani F, de Boer EN, Benjamins-Stok M, Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC, Knapper J, de Boer-Bergsma J, de Vries JJ, Sikkema-Raddatz B, Verbeek DS, Westers H, van Diemen CC. Copy Number Variant Analysis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Genes in a Cohort of Dutch Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200050. [PMID: 38058854 PMCID: PMC10696507 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders generally caused by single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or indels in coding regions or by repeat expansions in coding and noncoding regions of SCA genes. Copy number variants (CNVs) have now also been reported for 3 genes-ITPR1, FGF14, and SPTBN2-but not all SCA genes have been screened for CNVs as the underlying cause of the disease in patients. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence of CNVs encompassing 36 known SCA genes. Methods A cohort of patients with cerebellar ataxia who were referred to the University Medical Center Groningen for SCA genetic diagnostics was selected for this study. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using the Infinium Global Screening Array. Following data processing, genotyping data were uploaded into NxClinical software to perform CNV analysis per patient and to visualize identified CNVs in 36 genes with allocated SCA symbols. The clinical relevance of detected CNVs was determined using evidence from studies based on PubMed literature searches for similar CNVs and phenotypic features. Results Of the 338 patients with cerebellar ataxia, we identified putative clinically relevant CNV deletions in 3 patients: an identical deletion encompassing ITPR1 in 2 patients, who turned out to be related, and a deletion involving PPP2R2B in another patient. Although the CNV deletion in ITPR1 was clearly the underlying cause of SCA15 in the 2 related patients, the clinical significance of the deletion in PPP2R2B remained unknown. Discussion We showed that CNVs detectable with the limited resolution of SNP array are a very rare cause of SCA. Nevertheless, we suggest adding CNV analysis alongside SNV analysis to SCA gene diagnostics using next-generation sequencing approaches, at least for ITPR1, to improve the genetic diagnostics for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghorbani
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy N de Boer
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Benjamins-Stok
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corien C Verschuuren-Bemelmans
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Knapper
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelkje de Boer-Bergsma
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Vries
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit Sikkema-Raddatz
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dineke S Verbeek
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Helga Westers
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cleo C van Diemen
- From the Department of Genetics (F.G., E.N.d.B., M.B.-S., C.C.V.-B., J.K., J.d.B.-B., B.S.-R., D.S.V., H.W., C.C.v.D.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.J.d.V.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Terry LE, Arige V, Neumann J, Wahl AM, Knebel TR, Chaffer JW, Malik S, Liston A, Humblet-Baron S, Bultynck G, Yule DI. Missense mutations in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 result in leaky Ca 2+ channels and activation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry. iScience 2022; 25:105523. [PMID: 36444295 PMCID: PMC9700043 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in all subtypes of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ release channel are associated with human diseases. In this report, we investigated the functionality of three neuropathy-associated missense mutations in IP3R3 (V615M, T1424M, and R2524C). The mutants only exhibited function when highly over-expressed compared to endogenous hIP3R3. All variants resulted in elevated basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels, decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store content, and constitutive store-operated Ca2+ entry in the absence of any stimuli, consistent with a leaky IP3R channel pore. These variants differed in channel function; when stably over-expressed the R2524C mutant was essentially dead, V615M was poorly functional, and T1424M exhibited activity greater than that of the corresponding wild-type following threshold stimulation. These results demonstrate that a common feature of these mutations is decreased IP3R3 function. In addition, these mutations exhibit a novel phenotype manifested as a constitutively open channel, which inappropriately gates SOCE in the absence of stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara E. Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Julika Neumann
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Taylor R. Knebel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - James W. Chaffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Adrian Liston
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han B, Zhen F, Zheng XS, Hu J, Chen XS. Systematic analysis of the expression and prognostic value of ITPR1 and correlation with tumor infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:297. [PMID: 35313846 PMCID: PMC8939201 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ITPR1 is a key gene for autophagy, but its biological function is still unclear, and there are few studies on the correlation between ITPR1 gene expression and the occurrence and development of breast cancer. METHODS Analyze the expression of ITPR1 through online databases such as Oncomine and TIMER. Kaplan-Meier plotter and other databases were used to evaluate the impact of ITPR1 on clinical prognosis. The expression of ITPR1 in analysis of 145 cases of breast cancer and 30 cases of adjacent normal tissue was detected by Immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of abnormally expressed proteins. And the Western Blot was used to detect the expression of ITPR1 between breast cancer tissues and cells. The TIMER database studied the relationship between ITPR1 and cancer immune infiltration. And used the ROC plotter database to predict the response of ITPR1 to chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy in patients with breast cancer. RESULTS Compared with normal breast samples, ITPR1 was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer. And the increased expression of ITPR1 mRNA was closely related to longer overall survival (OS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), disease specific survival (DSS) and relapse free survival (RFS) in breast cancer. And the expression level of ITPR1 was higher in patients treated with chemotherapy than untreated patients. In addition, the expression of ITPR1 was positively correlated with related gene markers of immune cells in different types of breast cancer, especially with BRCA basal tissue breast cancer. CONCLUSION ITPR1 was lower expressed in breast cancer. The higher expression of ITPR1 suggested favorable prognosis for patients. ITPR1 was related to the level of immune infiltration, especially in BRCA-Basal patients. All research results indicated that ITPR1 might affect breast cancer prognosis and participate in immune regulation. In short, ITPR1 might be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fang Zhen
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiu-Shuang Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xue-Song Chen
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Terry LE, Alzayady KJ, Wahl AM, Malik S, Yule DI. Disease-associated mutations in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor subunits impair channel function. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18160-18178. [PMID: 33093175 PMCID: PMC7939385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs), which form tetrameric channels, play pivotal roles in regulating the spatiotemporal patterns of intracellular calcium signals. Mutations in IP3Rs have been increasingly associated with many debilitating human diseases such as ataxia, Gillespie syndrome, and generalized anhidrosis. However, how these mutations affect IP3R function, and how the perturbation of as-sociated calcium signals contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of these diseases remains largely uncharacterized. Moreover, many of these diseases occur as the result of autosomal dominant inheritance, suggesting that WT and mutant subunits associate in heterotetrameric channels. How the in-corporation of different numbers of mutant subunits within the tetrameric channels affects its activities and results in different disease phenotypes is also unclear. In this report, we investigated representative disease-associated missense mutations to determine their effects on IP3R channel activity. Additionally, we designed concatenated IP3R constructs to create tetrameric channels with a predefined subunit composition to explore the functionality of heteromeric channels. Using calcium imaging techniques to assess IP3R channel function, we observed that all the mutations studied resulted in severely attenuated Ca2+ release when expressed as homotetramers. However, some heterotetramers retained varied degrees of function dependent on the composition of the tetramer. Our findings suggest that the effect of mutations depends on the location of the mutation in the IP3R structure, as well as on the stoichiometry of mutant subunits assembled within the tetrameric channel. These studies provide insight into the pathogenesis and penetrance of these devastating human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kamil J Alzayady
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Amanda M Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gambardella J, Lombardi A, Morelli MB, Ferrara J, Santulli G. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors in Human Disease: A Comprehensive Update. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1096. [PMID: 32290556 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPRs) are intracellular calcium release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum of virtually every cell. Herein, we are reporting an updated systematic summary of the current knowledge on the functional role of ITPRs in human disorders. Specifically, we are describing the involvement of its loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the pathogenesis of neurological, immunological, cardiovascular, and neoplastic human disease. Recent results from genome-wide association studies are also discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ando H, Hirose M, Mikoshiba K. Aberrant IP 3 receptor activities revealed by comprehensive analysis of pathological mutations causing spinocerebellar ataxia 29. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12259-64. [PMID: 30429331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811129115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29) is autosomal dominant congenital ataxia characterized by early-onset motor delay, hypotonia, and gait ataxia. Recently, heterozygous missense mutations in an intracellular Ca2+ channel, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor type 1 (IP3R1), were identified as a cause of SCA29. However, the functional impacts of these mutations remain largely unknown. Here, we determined the molecular mechanisms by which pathological mutations affect IP3R1 activity and Ca2+ dynamics. Ca2+ imaging using IP3R-null HeLa cells generated by genome editing revealed that all SCA29 mutations identified within or near the IP3-binding domain of IP3R1 completely abolished channel activity. Among these mutations, R241K, T267M, T267R, R269G, R269W, S277I, K279E, A280D, and E497K impaired IP3 binding to IP3R1, whereas the T579I and N587D mutations disrupted channel activity without affecting IP3 binding, suggesting that T579I and N587D compromise channel gating mechanisms. Carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII (CA8) is an IP3R1-regulating protein abundantly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and is a causative gene of congenital ataxia. The SCA29 mutation V1538M within the CA8-binding site of IP3R1 completely eliminated its interaction with CA8 and CA8-mediated IP3R1 inhibition. Furthermore, pathological mutations in CA8 decreased CA8-mediated suppression of IP3R1 by reducing protein stability and the interaction with IP3R1. These results demonstrated the mechanisms by which pathological mutations cause IP3R1 dysfunction, i.e., the disruption of IP3 binding, IP3-mediated gating, and regulation via the IP3R-modulatory protein. The resulting aberrant Ca2+ homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimobayashi E, Kapfhammer JP. Calcium Signaling, PKC Gamma, IP3R1 and CAR8 Link Spinocerebellar Ataxias and Purkinje Cell Dendritic Development. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:151-159. [PMID: 28554312 PMCID: PMC5883377 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170529104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of cerebellar diseases characterized by progressive ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. Several forms of SCAs are caused by missense mutations or deletions in genes related to calcium signaling in Purkinje cells. Among them, spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is caused by missense mutations in PRKCG gene which encodes protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ). It is remarkable that in several cases in which SCA is caused by point mutations in an individual gene, the affected genes are involved in the PKCγ signaling pathway and calcium signaling which is not only crucial for proper Purkinje cell function but is also involved in the control of Purkinje cell dendritic development. In this review, we will focus on the PKCγ signaling related genes and calcium signaling related genes then discuss their role for both Purkinje cell dendritic development and cerebellar ataxia. Methods Research related to SCAs and Purkinje cell dendritic development is reviewed. Results PKCγ dysregulation causes abnormal Purkinje cell dendritic development and SCA14. Carbonic anhydrase related protein 8 (Car8) encoding CAR8 and Itpr1 encoding IP3R1were identified as upregulated genes in one of SCA14 mouse model. IP3R1, CAR8 and PKCγ proteins are strongly and specifically expressed in Purkinje cells. The common function among them is that they are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in Purkinje cells and their dysfunction causes ataxia in mouse and human. Furthermore, disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis caused by mutations in some calcium channels in Purkinje cells links to abnormal Purkinje cell dendritic development and the pathogenesis of several SCAs. Conclusion Once PKCγ signaling related genes and calcium signaling related genes are disturbed, the normal dendritic development of Purkinje cells is impaired as well as the integration of signals from other neurons, resulting in abnormal development, cerebellar dysfunction and eventually Purkinje cell loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Shimobayashi
- Anatomical Institute, Department of Biomedicine Basel, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef P Kapfhammer
- Anatomical Institute, Department of Biomedicine Basel, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kerkhofs M, Seitaj B, Ivanova H, Monaco G, Bultynck G, Parys JB. Pathophysiological consequences of isoform-specific IP 3 receptor mutations. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018; 1865:1707-17. [PMID: 29906486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling governs a diverse range of cellular processes and, as such, is subject to tight regulation. A main component of the complex intracellular Ca2+-signaling network is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R), a tetrameric channel that mediates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to IP3. IP3R function is controlled by a myriad of factors, such as Ca2+, ATP, kinases and phosphatases and a plethora of accessory and regulatory proteins. Further complexity in IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling is the result of the existence of three main isoforms (IP3R1, IP3R2 and IP3R3) that display distinct functional characteristics and properties. Despite their abundant and overlapping expression profiles, IP3R1 is highly expressed in neurons, IP3R2 in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes and IP3R3 in rapidly proliferating cells as e.g. epithelial cells. As a consequence, dysfunction and/or dysregulation of IP3R isoforms will have distinct pathophysiological outcomes, ranging from neurological disorders for IP3R1 to dysfunctional exocrine tissues and autoimmune diseases for IP3R2 and -3. Over the past years, several IP3R mutations have surfaced in the sequence analysis of patient-derived samples. Here, we aimed to provide an integrative overview of the clinically most relevant mutations for each IP3R isoform and the subsequent molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of the disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hisatsune C, Hamada K, Mikoshiba K. Ca 2+ signaling and spinocerebellar ataxia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018; 1865:1733-44. [PMID: 29777722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a neural disorder, which is caused by degenerative changes in the cerebellum. SCA is primarily characterized by gait ataxia, and additional clinical features include nystagmus, dysarthria, tremors and cerebellar atrophy. Forty-four hereditary SCAs have been identified to date, along with >35 SCA-associated genes. Despite the great diversity and distinct functionalities of the SCA-related genes, accumulating evidence supports the occurrence of a common pathophysiological event among several hereditary SCAs. Altered calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in the Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellum has been proposed as a possible pathological SCA trigger. In support of this, signaling events that are initiated from or lead to aberrant Ca2+ release from the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1), which is highly expressed in cerebellar PCs, seem to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of several SCA types. In this review, we summarize the current research on pathological hereditary SCA events, which involve altered Ca2+ homeostasis in PCs, through IP3R1 signaling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Myers KA, Nasioulas S, Boys A, McMahon JM, Slater H, Lockhart P, Sart DD, Scheffer IE. ADGRV1 is implicated in myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 59:381-388. [PMID: 29266188 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of variation in ADGRV1 (also known as GPR98, MASS1, and VLGR1), MEF2C, and other genes at the 5q14.3 chromosomal locus in myoclonic epilepsy. METHODS We studied the epilepsy phenotypes of 4 individuals with 5q14.3 deletion and found that all had myoclonic seizures. We then screened 6 contiguous genes at 5q14.3, MEF2C, CETN3, MBLAC2, POLR3G, LYSMD3, and ADGRV1, in a 95-patient cohort with epilepsy and myoclonic seizures. Of these genes, point mutations in MEF2C cause a phenotype involving seizures and intellectual disability. A role for ADGRV1 in epilepsy has been proposed previously, based on a recessive mutation in the Frings mouse model of audiogenic seizures, as well as a shared homologous region with another epilepsy gene, LGI1. RESULTS Six patients from the myoclonic epilepsy cohort had likely pathogenic ultra-rare ADGRV1 variants, and statistical analysis showed that ultra-rare variants were significantly overrepresented when compared to healthy population data from the Genome Aggregation Database. Of the remaining genes, no definite pathogenic variants were identified. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that the ADGRV1 variation contributes to epilepsy with myoclonic seizures, although the inheritance pattern may be complex in many cases. In patients with 5q14.3 deletion and epilepsy, ADGRV1 haploinsufficiency likely contributes to seizure development. The latter is a shift from current thinking, as MEF2C haploinsufficiency has been considered the main cause of epilepsy in 5q14.3 deletion syndrome. In cases of 5q14.3 deletion and epilepsy, seizures likely occur due to haploinsufficiency of one or both of ADGRV1 and MEF2C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Steven Nasioulas
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Amber Boys
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jacinta M McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Howard Slater
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul Lockhart
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Desirée du Sart
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsiao CT, Liu YT, Liao YC, Hsu TY, Lee YC, Soong BW. Mutational analysis of ITPR1 in a Taiwanese cohort with cerebellar ataxias. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187503. [PMID: 29186133 PMCID: PMC5706750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor type 1 gene (ITPR1) encodes the IP3 receptor type 1 (IP3R1), which modulates intracellular calcium homeostasis and signaling. Mutations in ITPR1 have been implicated in inherited cerebellar ataxias. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ITPR1 mutations, including both large segmental deletion and single nucleotide mutations, in a Han Chinese cohort with inherited cerebellar ataxias in Taiwan. Methodology and principal findings Ninety-three unrelated individuals with molecularly unassigned spinocerebellar ataxia selected from 585 pedigrees with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, were recruited into the study with elaborate clinical evaluations. The quantitative PCR technique was used to survey large segmental deletion of ITPR1 and a targeted sequencing approach was applied to sequence all of the 61 exons and the flanking regions of ITPR1. A novel ITPR1 mutation, c.7721T>C (p.V2574A), was identified in a family with dominantly inherited cerebellar ataxia. The proband has an adult-onset non-progressive pure cerebellar ataxia and her daughter is afflicted with a childhood onset cerebellar ataxia with intellectual sub-normalities. Conclusion ITPR1 mutation is an uncommon cause of inherited cerebellar ataxia, accounting for 0.2% (1/585) of patients with dominantly inherited cerebellar ataxias in Taiwan. This study broadens the mutational spectrum of ITPR1 and also emphasizes the importance of considering ITPR1 mutations as a potential cause of inherited cerebellar ataxias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tsung Hsiao
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yi Hsu
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Das J, Lilleker J, Shereef H, Ealing J. Missense mutation in the ITPR1 gene presenting with ataxic cerebral palsy: Description of an affected family and literature review. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2017; 51:497-500. [PMID: 28826917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene on chromosome 3 belongs to a family of genes encoding intracellular calcium channel proteins. Such channels are located primarily within the endoplasmic reticular membrane and release Ca2+, an intracellular messenger, which governs numerous intracellular and extracellular functions. We report a family with infantile-onset cerebellar ataxia with delayed motor development and intellectual disability caused by a heterozygous c.805C>T, p.Arg269Trp missense mutation in ITPR1. Both affected family members had postural tremor, hypotonia and dysarthria, but neither had pyramidal signs. Their neuroimaging revealed cerebellar atrophy. Several neurological conditions have been associated with ITPR1 mutations, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 and Gillespie syndrome, and the phenotype may vary according to the location and type of mutations. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 is an autosomal dominant disorder, which causes late onset pure cerebellar ataxia. Gillespie syndrome is characterised by bilateral iris hypoplasia, congenital hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. In this report, we provide a detailed phenotypic description of a family with a missense mutation in ITPR1. This mutation has only been reported once before. We also provide a literature review of the various phenotypes associated with ITPR1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyutpal Das
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.
| | - James Lilleker
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, United Kingdom.
| | - Hannah Shereef
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, United Kingdom.
| | - John Ealing
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zambonin JL, Bellomo A, Ben-Pazi H, Everman DB, Frazer LM, Geraghty MT, Harper AD, Jones JR, Kamien B, Kernohan K, Koenig MK, Lines M, Palmer EE, Richardson R, Segel R, Tarnopolsky M, Vanstone JR, Gibbons M, Collins A, Fogel BL, Dudding-Byth T, Boycott KM. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 due to mutations in ITPR1: a case series and review of this emerging congenital ataxia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:121. [PMID: 28659154 PMCID: PMC5490223 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29) is an autosomal dominant, non-progressive cerebellar ataxia characterized by infantile-onset hypotonia, gross motor delay and cognitive impairment. Affected individuals exhibit cerebellar dysfunction and often have cerebellar atrophy on neuroimaging. Recently, missense mutations in ITPR1 were determined to be responsible. Results Clinical information on 21 individuals from 15 unrelated families with ITPR1 mutations was retrospectively collected using standardized questionnaires, including 11 previously unreported singletons and 2 new patients from a previously reported family. We describe the genetic, clinical and neuroimaging features of these patients to further characterize the clinical features of this rare condition and assess for any genotype-phenotype correlation for this disorder. Our cohort consisted of 9 males and 12 females, with ages ranging from 28 months to 49 years. Disease course was non-progressive with infantile-onset hypotonia and delays in motor and speech development. Gait ataxia was present in all individuals and 10 (48%) were not ambulating independently between the ages of 3–12 years of age. Mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment was present in 17 individuals (85%). Cerebellar atrophy developed after initial symptom presentation in 13 individuals (72%) and was not associated with disease progression or worsening functional impairment. We identified 12 different mutations including 6 novel mutations; 10 mutations were missense (with 4 present in >1 individual), 1 a splice site mutation leading to an in-frame insertion and 1 an in-frame deletion. No specific genotype-phenotype correlations were observed within our cohort. Conclusions Our findings document significant clinical heterogeneity between individuals with SCA29 in a large cohort of molecularly confirmed cases. Based on the retrospective observed clinical features and disease course, we provide recommendations for management. Further research into the natural history of SCA29 through prospective studies is an important next step in better understanding the condition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0672-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Zambonin
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Hilla Ben-Pazi
- Pediatric Movement Disorders, Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Michael T Geraghty
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Kernohan
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Kay Koenig
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Lines
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Emma Palmer
- Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service, Waratah, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Reeval Segel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Diseases, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason R Vanstone
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Gibbons
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Abigail Collins
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Program in Neurogenetics, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tracy Dudding-Byth
- University of Newcastle Australia, Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre & Hunter Genetics & NSW Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hisatsune C, Mikoshiba K. IP 3 receptor mutations and brain diseases in human and rodents. J Neurochem 2017; 141:790-807. [PMID: 28211945 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3 R) is a huge Ca2+ channel that is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The IP3 R releases Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum upon binding to IP3 , which is produced by various extracellular stimuli through phospholipase C activation. All vertebrate organisms have three subtypes of IP3 R genes, which have distinct properties of IP3 -binding and Ca2+ sensitivity, and are differently regulated by phosphorylation and by their associated proteins. Each cell type expresses the three subtypes of IP3 R in a distinct proportion, which is important for creating and maintaining spatially and temporally appropriate intracellular Ca2+ level patterns for the regulation of specific physiological phenomena. Of the three types of IP3 Rs, the type 1 receptor (IP3 R1) is dominantly expressed in the brain and is important for brain function. Recent emerging evidence suggests that abnormal Ca2+ signals from the IP3 R1 are closely associated with human brain pathology. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in our knowledge of the regulation of IP3 R1 and its functional implication in human brain diseases, as revealed by IP3 R mutation studies and analysis of human disease-associated genes. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Hisatsune
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tipton PW, Guthrie K, Strongosky A, Reimer R, Wszolek ZK. Spinocerebellar ataxia 15: A phenotypic review and expansion. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2016; 51:86-91. [PMID: 27908616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 15 (SCA15) is a clinically heterogeneous movement disorder characterized by the adult onset of slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia. ITPR1 is the SCA15 causative gene. However, despite numerous reports of genetically-confirmed SCA15, phenotypic uncertainty persists. We reviewed the phenotypes of 60 patients for whom SCA15 was confirmed by the presence of a genetic deletion involving ITPR1. The most prevalent symptoms were gait ataxia (88.3%), dysarthria (75.0%), nystagmus (73.3%), and limb ataxia (71.7%). We also present a novel SCA15 phenotype in a woman with an ITPR1 variant found to have hydrocephalus that improved with ventriculoperitoneal shunting. This is the first reported case of hydrocephalus associated with SCA15. In this review, we analyzed previously reported SCA15 phenotypes and present a novel SCA15 phenotype. We also address important considerations for evaluating patients with complex hereditary movement disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Tipton
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Kimberly Guthrie
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Audrey Strongosky
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Ronald Reimer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
McEntagart M, Williamson KA, Rainger JK, Wheeler A, Seawright A, De Baere E, Verdin H, Bergendahl LT, Quigley A, Rainger J, Dixit A, Sarkar A, López Laso E, Sanchez-Carpintero R, Barrio J, Bitoun P, Prescott T, Riise R, McKee S, Cook J, McKie L, Ceulemans B, Meire F, Temple IK, Prieur F, Williams J, Clouston P, Németh AH, Banka S, Bengani H, Handley M, Freyer E, Ross A, van Heyningen V, Marsh JA, Elmslie F, FitzPatrick DR. A Restricted Repertoire of De Novo Mutations in ITPR1 Cause Gillespie Syndrome with Evidence for Dominant-Negative Effect. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:981-992. [PMID: 27108798 PMCID: PMC4863663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gillespie syndrome (GS) is characterized by bilateral iris hypoplasia, congenital hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. Trio-based exome sequencing identified de novo mutations in ITPR1 in three unrelated individuals with GS recruited to the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. Whole-exome or targeted sequence analysis identified plausible disease-causing ITPR1 mutations in 10/10 additional GS-affected individuals. These ultra-rare protein-altering variants affected only three residues in ITPR1: Glu2094 missense (one de novo, one co-segregating), Gly2539 missense (five de novo, one inheritance uncertain), and Lys2596 in-frame deletion (four de novo). No clinical or radiological differences were evident between individuals with different mutations. ITPR1 encodes an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-responsive calcium channel. The homo-tetrameric structure has been solved by cryoelectron microscopy. Using estimations of the degree of structural change induced by known recessive- and dominant-negative mutations in other disease-associated multimeric channels, we developed a generalizable computational approach to indicate the likely mutational mechanism. This analysis supports a dominant-negative mechanism for GS variants in ITPR1. In GS-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), the proportion of ITPR1-positive cells using immunofluorescence was significantly higher in mutant than control LCLs, consistent with an abnormality of nuclear calcium signaling feedback control. Super-resolution imaging supports the existence of an ITPR1-lined nucleoplasmic reticulum. Mice with Itpr1 heterozygous null mutations showed no major iris defects. Purkinje cells of the cerebellum appear to be the most sensitive to impaired ITPR1 function in humans. Iris hypoplasia is likely to result from either complete loss of ITPR1 activity or structure-specific disruption of multimeric interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriel McEntagart
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Kathleen A Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jacqueline K Rainger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ann Wheeler
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anne Seawright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Medical Research Building (MRB), 1st Floor, Room 110.029, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Verdin
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University Hospital, Medical Research Building (MRB), 1st Floor, Room 110.029, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Therese Bergendahl
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alan Quigley
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Joe Rainger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- Clinical Genetics, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Clinical Genetics, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Eduardo López Laso
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Sanchez-Carpintero
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Barrio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pierre Bitoun
- Service de pédiatrie, CHU Paris Seine-Saint-Denis - Hôpital Jean Verdier Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Trine Prescott
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Riise
- Department of Ophthalmology, Innland Hospital, 2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Shane McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Lisa McKie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, University and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
| | - Françoise Meire
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Fabienne Prieur
- Service Génétique, Plateau de biologie, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne cedex 2, France
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, The Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrea H Németh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Hemant Bengani
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mark Handley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Allyson Ross
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Veronica van Heyningen
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Frances Elmslie
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tada M, Nishizawa M, Onodera O. Roles of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in spinocerebellar ataxias. Neurochem Int 2016; 94:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Huang L, Chardon JW, Carter MT, Friend KL, Dudding TE, Schwartzentruber J, Zou R, Schofield PW, Douglas S, Bulman DE, Boycott KM. Missense mutations in ITPR1 cause autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:67. [PMID: 22986007 PMCID: PMC3545966 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia is characterized by early gross motor delay, hypotonia, gait ataxia, mild dysarthria and dysmetria. The clinical presentation remains fairly stable and may be associated with cerebellar atrophy. To date, only a few families with autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia have been reported. Linkage to 3pter was demonstrated in one large Australian family and this locus was designated spinocerebellar ataxia type 29. The objective of this study is to describe an unreported Canadian family with autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia and to identify the underlying genetic causes in this family and the original Australian family. Methods and Results Exome sequencing was performed for the Australian family, resulting in the identification of a heterozygous mutation in the ITPR1 gene. For the Canadian family, genotyping with microsatellite markers and Sanger sequencing of ITPR1 gene were performed; a heterozygous missense mutation in ITPR1 was identified. Conclusions ITPR1 encodes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1, a ligand-gated ion channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Deletions of ITPR1 are known to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, a distinct and very slowly progressive form of cerebellar ataxia with onset in adulthood. Our study demonstrates for the first time that, in addition to spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, alteration of ITPR1 function can cause a distinct congenital nonprogressive ataxia; highlighting important clinical heterogeneity associated with the ITPR1 gene and a significant role of the ITPR1-related pathway in the development and maintenance of the normal functions of the cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Huang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Obayashi M, Ishikawa K, Izumi Y, Takahashi M, Niimi Y, Sato N, Onodera O, Kaji R, Nishizawa M, Mizusawa H. Prevalence of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor type 1 gene deletion, the mutation for spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, in Japan screened by gene dosage. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:202-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15), first described in 2001, is a slowly progressive, relatively pure dominantly inherited ataxia. Six pedigrees have been reported to date, in Anglo-Celtic and Japanese populations. Other than notably slow progression, its main distinguishing characteristic is tremor, often affecting the head, which is seen in about half of affecteds and which may be the presenting feature. Neuroradiology shows cerebellar atrophy, particularly affecting the anterior and dorsal vermis. SCA15 is due to various deletions of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1 gene (ITPR1) on the distal short arm of chromosome 3. The potential of point mutations in ITPR1 to cause SCA15 is not yet confirmed. "SCA16" has now been shown to be due to an ITPR1 mutation, and has now been subsumed into SCA15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsdon Storey
- Department of Medicine (Neuroscience), Monash University (Alfred Hospital Campus), Melbourne, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marelli C, van de Leemput J, Johnson JO, Tison F, Thauvin-Robinet C, Picard F, Tranchant C, Hernandez DG, Huttin B, Boulliat J, Sangla I, Marescaux C, Brique S, Dollfus H, Arepalli S, Benatru I, Ollagnon E, Forlani S, Hardy J, Stevanin G, Dürr A, Singleton A, Brice A. SCA15 due to large ITPR1 deletions in a cohort of 333 white families with dominant ataxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:637-43. [PMID: 21555639 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions in ITPR1, coding for the inositol-triphosphate receptor type 1, have been recently identified in spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15). OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and the phenotypical spectrum of SCA15. DESIGN Taqman polymerase chain reaction (258 index cases) or single-nucleotide polymorphism genome-wide genotyping (75 index cases). SETTING A collaboration between the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière of the Salpêtrière Hospital (Paris, France) and the Molecular Genetics Unit of the National Institute of Aging (Bethesda, Maryland). Patients Index cases of 333 families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia negative for CAG repeat expansions in coding exons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection of ITPR1 copy number alterations. RESULTS A deletion of ITPR1 was found in 6 of 333 families (1.8%), corresponding to 13 patients with SCA15. Age at onset ranged from 18 to 66 years (mean [SD] age, 35 [16] years). The symptom at onset was cerebellar gait ataxia, except in 1 patient with isolated upper limb tremor. Although families were tested irrespective of their phenotype, patients with SCA15 had a homogeneous phenotype and were characterized by a slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia. However, pyramidal signs (2 patients) and mild cognitive problems (2 patients) were occasionally present. Radiologic findings showed global or predominant vermian cerebellar atrophy in all patients. CONCLUSIONS In this series, ITPR1 deletions were rare and accounted for approximately 1% of all autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. The SCA15 phenotype mostly consists of a slowly progressive isolated cerebellar ataxia with variable age at onset; an additional pyramidal syndrome and problems in executive functions may be present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- INSERM U975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yamazaki H, Nozaki H, Onodera O, Michikawa T, Nishizawa M, Mikoshiba K. Functional characterization of the P1059L mutation in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 identified in a Japanese SCA15 family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:754-8. [PMID: 21689634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15) is a group of human neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a slowly progressing pure cerebellar ataxia. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor type 1 (IP(3)R1) is an intracellular IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release channel that was recently identified as a causative gene for SCA15. In most case studies, a heterozygous deletion of the IP(3)R1 gene was identified. However, one Japanese SCA15 family was found to have a Pro to Leu (P1059L) substitution in IP(3)R1. To investigate the effect of the P1059L mutation, we analyzed the channel properties of the mutant human IP(3)R1 by expressing it in an IP(3)R-deficient B lymphocyte cell line. The P1059L mutant was a functional Ca(2+) release channel with a twofold higher IP(3) binding affinity compared to wild-type IP(3)R1. The cooperative dependence of the Ca(2+) release activity of the mutant on IP(3) concentration was reduced, but both wild-type and mutant receptors produced similar B cell receptor-induced Ca(2+) signals. These results demonstrate that the Ca(2+) release properties of IP(3)R1 are largely unaffected by the P1059L mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan JB, Xu M, Xiong C, Zhou DW, Ren ZR, Huang Y, Mommersteeg M, van Beuningen R, Wang YT, Liao SX, Zeng F, Wu Y, Zeng YT. Rapid screening for chromosomal aneuploidies using array-MLPA. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12:68. [PMID: 21575262 PMCID: PMC3111339 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Chromosome abnormalities, especially trisomy of chromosome 21, 13, or 18 as well as sex chromosome aneuploidy, are a well-established cause of pregnancy loss. Cultured cell karyotype analysis and FISH have been considered reliable detectors of fetal abnormality. However, results are usually not available for 3-4 days or more. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) has emerged as an alternative rapid technique for detection of chromosome aneuploidies. However, conventional MLPA does not allow for relative quantification of more than 50 different target sequences in one reaction and does not detect mosaic trisomy. A multiplexed MLPA with more sensitive detection would be useful for fetal genetic screening. Methods We developed a method of array-based MLPA to rapidly screen for common aneuploidies. We designed 116 universal tag-probes covering chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, and 8 control autosomal genes. We performed MLPA and hybridized the products on a 4-well flow-through microarray system. We determined chromosome copy numbers by analyzing the relative signals of the chromosome-specific probes. Results In a blind study of 161 peripheral blood and 12 amniotic fluid samples previously karyotyped, 169 of 173 (97.7%) including all the amniotic fluid samples were correctly identified by array-MLPA. Furthermore, we detected two chromosome X monosomy mosaic cases in which the mosaism rates estimated by array-MLPA were basically consistent with the results from karyotyping. Additionally, we identified five Y chromosome abnormalities in which G-banding could not distinguish their origins for four of the five cases. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the successful application and strong potential of array-MLPA in clinical diagnosis and prenatal testing for rapid and sensitive chromosomal aneuploidy screening. Furthermore, we have developed a simple and rapid procedure for screening copy numbers on chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y using array-MLPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bin Yan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marelli C, Cazeneuve C, Brice A, Stevanin G, Dürr A. Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2011; 167:385-400. [PMID: 21546047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias with autosomal dominant transmission (ADCA) are far rarer than sporadic cases of cerebellar ataxia. The identification of genes involved in dominant forms has confirmed the genetic heterogeneity of these conditions and of the underlying mechanisms and pathways. To date, at least 28 genetic loci and, among them, 20 genes have been identified. In many instances, the phenotype is not restricted to cerebellar dysfunction but includes more complex multisystemic neurological deficits. Seven ADCA (SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 17, and dentatorubro-pallido-luysian atrophy) are caused by repeat expansions in the corresponding proteins; phenotype-genotype correlations have shown that repeat size influences the progression of the disease, its severity and clinical differences among patients, including the phenomenon of anticipation between generations. All other ADCA are caused either by non-coding repeat expansions, conventional mutations or large rearrangements in genes with different functions. This review will focus on the genetic features of ADCA and on the clinical differences among the different forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Marelli
- Département de génétique et cytogénétique, consultation de génétique clinique, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Novak MJU, Sweeney MG, Li A, Treacy C, Chandrashekar HS, Giunti P, Goold RG, Davis MB, Houlden H, Tabrizi SJ. An ITPR1 gene deletion causes spinocerebellar ataxia 15/16: a genetic, clinical and radiological description. Mov Disord 2011; 25:2176-82. [PMID: 20669319 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterise a novel family with very slowly progressive pure spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) caused by a deletion in the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1) gene on chromosome 3. This is a detailed clinical, genetic, and radiological description of the genotype. Deletions in ITPR1 have been shown to cause SCA15/SCA16 in six families to date. A further Japanese family has been identified with an ITPR1 point mutation. The exact prevalence is as yet unknown, but is probably higher than previously thought. The clinical phenotype of the family is described, and videotaped clinical examinations are presented. Serial brain magnetic resonance imaging studies were carried out on one affected individual, and genetic analysis was performed on several family members. Protein analysis confirmed the ITPR1 deletion. Affected subjects display a remarkably slow, almost pure cerebellar syndrome. Serial magnetic resonance imaging shows moderate cerebellar atrophy with mild inferior parietal and temporal cortical volume loss. Genetic analysis shows a deletion of 346,487 bp in ITPR1 (the second largest ITPR1 deletion reported to date), suggesting SCA15 is due to a loss of ITPR1 function. Western blotting of lymphoblastoid cell line protein confirms reduced ITPR1 protein levels. SCA15 is a slowly or nonprogressive pure cerebellar ataxia, which appears to be caused by a loss of ITPR1 function and a reduction in the translated protein. Patients with nonprogressive or slowly progressive ataxia should be screened for ITPR1 defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne J U Novak
- Department of Neurogenetics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Di Gregorio E, Orsi L, Godani M, Vaula G, Jensen S, Salmon E, Ferrari G, Squadrone S, Abete MC, Cagnoli C, Brussino A, Brusco A. Two Italian families with ITPR1 gene deletion presenting a broader phenotype of SCA15. Cerebellum 2010; 9:115-23. [PMID: 20082166 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-009-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type15 (SCA15) is a pure ataxia characterized by very slow progression. Only seven families have been identified worldwide, in which partial deletions and a missense mutation of the inositol triphosphate receptor type I gene (ITPR1) have been reported. We examined a four-generation Italian family segregating an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, in which linkage analysis was positive for the SCA15 locus. We performed a genomic real-time polymerase chain reaction to search for ITPR1 gene deletions in this family and in 60 SCA index cases negative for mutations in the SCA1-3, 6-8, 10, 12,and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy genes. The deleted segments were characterized using a custom array comparative genomic hybridization analysis. We have identified two families with an ITPR1 gene deletion: in one, the deletion involved ITPR1 only, while in the other both sulfatase-modifying factor 1 and ITPR1. Clinical data of ten patients and brain MRI (available for six) showed that the phenotype substantially overlapped known SCA15 cases,but we also noted buccolingual dyskinesias, facial myokymias,and pyramidal signs never reported in SCA15. ITPR1 expression analysis of two deleted cases showed a half dose. Our results further support ITPR1 gene as causative of SCA15. The families reported show that SCA15 is present in Italy and has a greater variability in the age at onset and clinical features than previously reported. We propose that the search for ITPR1 deletions is mandatory in the clinical hypothesis of SCA15 and that ITPR1-reduced expression in blood may be a useful marker to identify SCA15 patients harboring genomic deletions and possibly point mutations causing reduction of mRNA level.
Collapse
|
27
|
Schlipf NA, Beetz C, Schüle R, Stevanin G, Erichsen AK, Forlani S, Zaros C, Karle K, Klebe S, Klimpe S, Durr A, Otto S, Tallaksen CM, Riess O, Brice A, Bauer P, Schöls L. A total of 220 patients with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia do not display mutations in the SLC33A1 gene (SPG42). Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:1065-7. [PMID: 20461110 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent causes of autosomal dominant (AD) hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) (ADHSP) are mutations in the SPAST gene (SPG4 locus). However, roughly 60% of patients are negative for SPAST mutations, despite their family history being compatible with AD inheritance. A mutation in the gene for an acetyl-CoA transporter (SLC33A1) has recently been reported in one Chinese family to cause ADHSP-type SPG42. In this study, we screened 220 independent SPAST mutation-negative ADHSP samples for mutations in the SLC33A1 gene by high-resolution melting curve analysis. Conspicuous samples were validated by direct sequencing. Moreover, copy number variations affecting SLC33A1 were screened by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. We could not identify potentially disease-causing mutations in our patients either by mutation scanning or by gene dosage analysis, as for the latter specific positive controls are not available to date. As our sample represents ADHSP patients for whom SPAST mutations and almost in all cases ATL1 and REEP1 mutations had been excluded, we consider SLC33A1 gene mutations as being very rare in a European ADHSP cohort, if present at all. To date, as SPG42 has still not been identified in a second, unrelated family, systematic genetic testing for SLC33A1 mutations is not recommended.
Collapse
|
28
|
Foskett JK. Inositol trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ release channels in neurological diseases. Pflugers Arch 2010; 460:481-94. [PMID: 20383523 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration by release from internal stores through the inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) Ca2+ release channel is a ubiquitous signaling system involved in the regulation of numerous processes. Because of its ubiquitous expression and roles in regulating diverse cell physiological processes, it is not surprising that the InsP3R has been implicated in a number of disease states. However, relatively few mutations in InsP3R genes have been identified to date. Here, I will discuss mutations in the type 1 InsP3R that have been discovered by analyses of human patients and mice with neurological disorders. In addition, I will highlight diseases caused by mutations in other genes, including Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases and some spinocerebellar ataxias, where the mutant proteins have been found to exert strong influences on InsP3R function that may link InsP3R to disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, B39 Anatomy-Chemistry Bldg., 414 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tyson J, Majerus TM, Walker S, Armour JA. Quadruplex MAPH: improvement of throughput in high-resolution copy number screening. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:453. [PMID: 19785739 PMCID: PMC2761424 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variation (CNV) in the human genome is recognised as a widespread and important source of human genetic variation. Now the challenge is to screen for these CNVs at high resolution in a reliable, accurate and cost-effective way. Results Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridisation (MAPH) is a sensitive, high-resolution technology appropriate for screening for CNVs in a defined region, for a targeted population. We have developed MAPH to a highly multiplexed format ("QuadMAPH") that allows the user a four-fold increase in the number of loci tested simultaneously. We have used this method to analyse a genomic region of 210 kb, including the MSH2 gene and 120 kb of flanking DNA. We show that the QuadMAPH probes report copy number with equivalent accuracy to simplex MAPH, reliably demonstrating diploid copy number in control samples and accurately detecting deletions in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) samples. Conclusion QuadMAPH is an accurate, high-resolution method that allows targeted screening of large numbers of subjects without the expense of genome-wide approaches. Whilst we have applied this technique to a region of the human genome, it is equally applicable to the genomes of other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jess Tyson
- Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|