1
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Mangalam M, Sadri A, Hayano J, Watanabe E, Kiyono K, Kelty-Stephen DG. Multifractal foundations of biomarker discovery for heart disease and stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18316. [PMID: 37880302 PMCID: PMC10600152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Any reliable biomarker has to be specific, generalizable, and reproducible across individuals and contexts. The exact values of such a biomarker must represent similar health states in different individuals and at different times within the same individual to result in the minimum possible false-positive and false-negative rates. The application of standard cut-off points and risk scores across populations hinges upon the assumption of such generalizability. Such generalizability, in turn, hinges upon this condition that the phenomenon investigated by current statistical methods is ergodic, i.e., its statistical measures converge over individuals and time within the finite limit of observations. However, emerging evidence indicates that biological processes abound with nonergodicity, threatening this generalizability. Here, we present a solution for how to make generalizable inferences by deriving ergodic descriptions of nonergodic phenomena. For this aim, we proposed capturing the origin of ergodicity-breaking in many biological processes: cascade dynamics. To assess our hypotheses, we embraced the challenge of identifying reliable biomarkers for heart disease and stroke, which, despite being the leading cause of death worldwide and decades of research, lacks reliable biomarkers and risk stratification tools. We showed that raw R-R interval data and its common descriptors based on mean and variance are nonergodic and non-specific. On the other hand, the cascade-dynamical descriptors, the Hurst exponent encoding linear temporal correlations, and multifractal nonlinearity encoding nonlinear interactions across scales described the nonergodic heart rate variability more ergodically and were specific. This study inaugurates applying the critical concept of ergodicity in discovering and applying digital biomarkers of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - Arash Sadri
- Lyceum Scientific Charity, Tehran, Iran
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P94V+8MF, Iran
| | - Junichiro Hayano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 454-0012, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Damian G Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, 12561, USA
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2
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Eggers KM, Hammarsten O, Lindahl B. Differences between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I in stable populations: underlying causes and clinical implications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:380-387. [PMID: 36424851 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Measurement of high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin (cTn) T and I is widely studied for cardiac assessment of stable populations. Recent data suggest clinical and prognostic discrepancies between both hs-cTn. We aimed at reviewing published studies with respect to underlying causes and clinical implications. CONTENT We summarized current evidence on release and clearance mechanisms of cTnT and I, and on preanalytical and assay-related issues potentially portending to differences in measured concentrations. We also performed a systematic review of outcome studies comparing both hs-cTn in the general population, patients with congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK For the interpretation of concentrations of hs-cTnT, stronger association with renal dysfunction compared to hs-cTnI should be considered. Hs-cTnT also appears to be a stronger indicator of general cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Hs-cTnI concentrations tend to be more sensitive to coronary artery disease and ischemic outcomes. These findings apparently reflect variations in the mechanisms of cardiac affections resulting in cTn release. Whether these differences are of clinically relevance remains to be elucidated. However, having the option of choosing between either hs-cTn might represent an option for framing individualized cardiac assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Eggers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Souaid T, Hijazi Z, Barakett V, Sarkis A, Kadri Z, Batra G, Lindbäck J, Abdelmassih T, Azar RR. Association of GDF-15, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP with coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective angiography. Future Cardiol 2022; 18:635-646. [PMID: 35678322 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the association between plasma levels of GDF-15, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in stable patients referred for elective coronary angiography. Methods: The outcome of CAD was defined as an ordinal variable with 3 levels. The association between each biomarker and the outcome was tested using the Winell and Lindbäck method. Results: In unadjusted analysis of 252 patients, GDF-15 and hs-cTnT were associated with the presence and extent of CAD. In multivariate regression analysis including traditional risk factors, this association was no longer significant. Conclusion: NT-proBNP, GDF-15 and hs-cTnT plasma levels do not seem to improve the predictive ability of traditional risk factors for CAD in stable patients referred for coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Souaid
- Division of Cardiology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Hijazi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden
| | - Vanda Barakett
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Sarkis
- Division of Cardiology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Kadri
- Division of Cardiology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon
| | - Gorav Batra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden.,Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden
| | - Johan Lindbäck
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden
| | - Tony Abdelmassih
- Division of Cardiology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon
| | - Rabih R Azar
- Division of Cardiology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 175208, Lebanon
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4
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Wang P, Yuan D, Zhang C, Zhu P, Jia S, Song Y, Tang X, Xu J, Li T, Zeng G, Zhao X, Yang Y, Xu B, Gao R, Yuan J. High fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with poor prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: 5-year findings from a large cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35313877 PMCID: PMC8939137 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a crucial role in coronary atherosclerosis progression, and growing evidence has demonstrated that the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), as a novel inflammation biomarker, is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the long-term risk of cardiovascular events remains indistinct in patients with different level of FAR and different glycemic metabolism status. This study was to assess 5-year clinical outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with different level of FAR. METHODS We consecutively enrolled 10,724 patients with CAD hospitalized for PCI and followed up for the major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) covering all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, and unplanned coronary revascularization. FAR was computed using the following formula: Fibrinogen (g/L)/Albumin (g/L). According to the optimal cut-off value of FAR for MACCE prediction, patients were divided into higher level of FAR (FAR-H) and lower level of FAR (FAR-L) subgroups, and were further categorized into four groups as FAR-H with DM and non-DM, and FAR-L with DM and non-DM. RESULTS 5298 patients (58.36 ± 10.36 years, 77.7% male) were ultimately enrolled in the present study. A total of 1099 (20.7%) MACCEs were documented during the 5-year follow-up. The optimal cut-off value of FAR was 0.0783 by the surv_cutpoint function. Compared to ones with FAR-H and DM, patients with FAR-L and non-DM, FAR-H and non-DM, FAR-L and DM had decreased risk of MACCEs [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.89, P = 0.001; HR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.93, P = 0.006; HR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.97, P = 0.019; respectively]. Notably, non-diabetic patients with lower level of FAR also had lower all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality risk than those in the FAR-H/DM group (HR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.63, P < 0.001; HR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.17-0.53, P < 0.001; respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis also indicated the highest risk of MACCEs in patients with FAR-H and DM than others (P for trend = 0.005). In addition, post-hoc analysis revealed consistent effects on 5-year MACCE across various subgroups. CONCLUSION In this real-world cohort study, higher level of FAR combined with DM was associated with worse 5-year outcomes among patients with CAD undergoing PCI. The level of FAR may help to identify high-risk individuals in this specific population, where more precise risk assessment should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Deshan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sida Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Guyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Catheterization Laboratories, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jinqing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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5
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Al-hadlaq SM, Balto HA, Hassan WM, Marraiki NA, El-Ansary AK. Biomarkers of non-communicable chronic disease: an update on contemporary methods. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12977. [PMID: 35233297 PMCID: PMC8882335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases constitute a major global burden with significant impact on health systems, economies, and quality of life. Chronic diseases include a broad range of diseases that can be communicable or non-communicable. Chronic diseases are often associated with modifications of normal physiological levels of various analytes that are routinely measured in serum and other body fluids, as well as pathological findings, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Identification of at-risk populations, early diagnosis, and prediction of prognosis play a major role in preventing or reducing the burden of chronic diseases. Biomarkers are tools that are used by health professionals to aid in the identification and management of chronic diseases. Biomarkers can be diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic. Several individual or grouped biomarkers have been used successfully in the diagnosis and prediction of certain chronic diseases, however, it is generally accepted that a more sophisticated approach to link and interpret various biomarkers involved in chronic disease is necessary to improve our current procedures. In order to ensure a comprehensive and unbiased coverage of the literature, first a primary frame of the manuscript (title, headings and subheadings) was drafted by the authors working on this paper. Second, based on the components drafted in the preliminary skeleton a comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Multiple keywords related to the topic were used. Out of screened papers, only 190 papers, which are the most relevant, and recent articles were selected to cover the topic in relation to etiological mechanisms of different chronic diseases, the most recently used biomarkers of chronic diseases and finally the advances in the applications of multivariate biomarkers of chronic diseases as statistical and clinically applied tool for the early diagnosis of chronic diseases was discussed. Recently, multivariate biomarkers analysis approach has been employed with promising prospect. A brief discussion of the multivariate approach for the early diagnosis of the most common chronic diseases was highlighted in this review. The use of diagnostic algorithms might show the way for novel criteria and enhanced diagnostic effectiveness inpatients with one or numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. The search for new relevant biomarkers for the better diagnosis of patients with non-communicable chronic diseases according to the risk of progression, sickness, and fatality is ongoing. It is important to determine whether the newly identified biomarkers are purely associations or real biomarkers of underlying pathophysiological processes. Use of multivariate analysis could be of great importance in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaiman M. Al-hadlaq
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Balto
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Najat A. Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf K. El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Chedea VS, Tomoiagǎ LL, Macovei ŞO, Mǎgureanu DC, Iliescu ML, Bocsan IC, Buzoianu AD, Voşloban CM, Pop RM. Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Actions of Polyphenols From Grapevine and Wine By-Products-Base for Complementary Therapy in Ischemic Heart Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750508. [PMID: 34805304 PMCID: PMC8595212 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace and grape seeds, by-products of the wine industry, and grapevine cane resulting from grapevine pruning are cheap matrices containing important amounts of polyphenols. While there is a continuous need of introducing new ways of these by-products valorization, we propose their use as a source of bioactive polyphenols for complementary therapy in ischemic heart diseases. As oxidative stress plays an important role in these diseases, by their antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties, these compounds, mainly flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, and resveratrol may counteract the damage of the oxidative stress. For instance, to some extent, the grape seed extract, considered as an antioxidant nutritive supplement, may have pro-oxidant activity as well, depending on dose, duration of administration, and other dietary components. In vitro studies confirm that the antioxidant activity of this extract might be mediated by pro-oxidant o-quinones and oxidation products of the polyphenols from grape and winery byproducts, indicating that quinones, as oxidation products, are involved in the modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance at the cellular level in the case of catechin-type compounds, in the absence or presence of oxidative stress inducers. In vivo, studies indicate that a grape pomace-rich diet results in a significant increase of the total antioxidant status in the plasma, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Also, the administration of grape pomace shows antioxidant activity with positive effects on health. In this context, the present review aims to present the most recent research focused on the antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of the bioactive polyphenols from grapevine and wine byproducts, in conditions of ischemic heart diseases as assessed in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Lucia Iliescu
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), Blaj, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wong YK, Tse HF. Circulating Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:713191. [PMID: 34660715 PMCID: PMC8517145 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Risk assessment is crucial for identifying at-risk individuals who require immediate attention as well as to guide the intensity of medical therapy to reduce subsequent risk of CVD. In the past decade, many risk prediction models have been proposed to estimate the risk of developing CVD. However, in patients with a history of CVD, the current models that based on traditional risk factors provide limited power in predicting recurrent cardiovascular events. Several biomarkers from different pathophysiological pathways have been identified to predict cardiovascular events, and the incorporation of biomarkers into risk assessment may contribute to enhance risk stratification in secondary prevention. This review focuses on biomarkers related to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, lipocalin-2, fibroblast growth factor 19 and 21, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and discusses the potential utility of these biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction among patients with CVD. Many of these biomarkers have shown promise in improving risk prediction of CVD. Further research is needed to assess the validity of biomarker and whether the strategy for incorporating biomarker into clinical practice may help to optimize decision-making and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Kwun Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Shui X, Wen Z, Chen Z, Xie X, Wu Y, Zheng B, Wu Z, Chen L. Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) is significantly associated with angiographic progression of coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:1551-1559. [PMID: 34432895 PMCID: PMC8571555 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] has been considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline serum Lp(a) and CAD progression determined by angiographic score. Methods A total of 814 patients who had undergone two or more coronary computed tomography angiography at least 6 months apart were consecutively enrolled and the coronary severity was determined by the Gensini score system. Patients were stratified into two groups according to Lp(a)>300 mg/L and Lp(a) ≤ 300 mg/L or classified as “progressors” and “non‐progressors” based on the Gensini score rate of change per year. The association of continuous Lp(a) and Lp(a)>300 mg/L with CAD progression were respectively assessed by logistic regression analysis. Moreover, further evaluation of those association was performed in subgroups of the study population. Results Patients in the “progressors” group had significant higher Lp(a) levels. Furthermore, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated Lp(a) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.451, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.177–1.789, p<.001) and Lp(a)>300 mg/L (OR:1.642, 95% CI:1.018–2.649, p = .042) were positively associated with CAD progression after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, those relation seemed to be more prominent in subjects with lower body mass index (OR: 1.880, 95% CI: 1.224–2.888, p for interaction = .060). Conclusions Elevated baseline serum Lp(a) is positively and independently associated with angiographic progression of CAD, particularly in participants with relatively low body mass index. Therefore, Lp(a) could be a potent risk factor for CAD progression, assisting in early risk stratification in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Shui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheqi Wen
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xujing Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Nearly 10 million US adults experience stable angina, which occurs when myocardial oxygen supply does not meet demand, resulting in myocardial ischemia. Stable angina is associated with an average annual risk of 3% to 4% for myocardial infarction or death. Diagnostic tests and medical therapies for stable angina have evolved over the last decade with a better understanding of the optimal use of coronary revascularization. OBSERVATIONS Coronary computed tomographic angiography is a first-line diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with stable angina due to higher sensitivity and comparable specificity compared with imaging-based stress testing. Moreover, coronary computed tomographic angiography allows detection of nonobstructive atherosclerosis that would not be identified with other noninvasive imaging modalities, improving risk assessment and potentially triggering more appropriate allocation of preventive therapies. Novel therapies treating lipids (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, ezetimibe, and icosapent ethyl) and type 2 diabetes (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists) have improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease when added to usual care. Randomized clinical trials showed no improvement in the rates of mortality or myocardial infarction with revascularization (largely by percutaneous coronary intervention) compared with optimal medical therapy alone, even in the setting of moderate to severe ischemia. In contrast, revascularization provides a meaningful benefit on angina and quality of life compared with antianginal therapies. Measures of the effect of angina on a patient's quality of life should be integrated into the clinic encounter to assist with the decision to proceed with revascularization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE For patients with stable angina, emphasis should be placed on optimizing lifestyle factors and preventive medications such as lipid-lowering and antiplatelet agents to reduce the risk for cardiovascular events and death. Antianginal medications, such as β-blockers, nitrates, or calcium channel blockers, should be initiated to improve angina symptoms. Revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention should be reserved for patients in whom angina symptoms negatively influence quality of life, generally after a trial of antianginal medical therapy. Shared decision-making with an informed patient is important for effective treatment of stable angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag H Joshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - James A de Lemos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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10
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Association between vitamin D deficiency and serum Homocysteine levels and its relationship with coronary artery disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:523-531. [PMID: 33538987 PMCID: PMC7859464 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) elevation and vitamin D deficiency have emerged as potential markers of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, even tough hypovitaminosis D has been suggested to interfere with Hcy catabolism, no study has so far addressed the interaction of vitamin D and Hcy and their impact on CAD, that was the aim of present study. A cohort of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography in a single center were included and analyzed within the year 2019. Significant CAD was defined as at least 1 vessel stenosis > 50%, while severe CAD as left main and/or three-vessel disease. Hcy and vitamin D levels were assesssed at admission. We included 3150 patients undergoing coronary angiography at our centre, who were divided according to the quartiles values of vitamin D. Patients with lower levels of Vitamin D displayed a higher cardiovascular risk profile and a higher prevalence of CAD. We observed an inverse linear relationship between lower levels of vitamin D and higher Hcy (r = − 0.092, p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with lower quartiles values of vitamin D (p < 0.001). By forward conditional regression model, low vitamin D appeared as independent predictors of Homocysteine levels above the median (OR[95%CI] = 1.79[1.37–2.33], p < 0.001). In addition, patients with low vitamin D (below the median) and increased Hcy displayed a non-significantly higher rate of CAD (81% vs 77.7%, p = 0.13, adjusted OR[95%CI] = 1.16[0.88–1.54], p = 0.29) but a significant increase in the rate of severe left main/3-vessel CAD (37.4% vs 30.5%, p = 0.005, adjusted OR[95%CI] = 1.29[1.02–1.67], p = 0.04). Among patients with vitamin D levels above the median, Hcy levels did not impact on the prevalence and extent of CAD (77.7 vs 77.2%, p = 0.81, adjusted OR[95%CI] = 0.94[0.73–1.20], p = 0.60 for CAD and 31.8% vs 27.7%, p = 0.08, adjusted OR[95%CI] = 0.97[0.75–1.25], p = 0.81 for severe left main/3-vessel CAD). No significant interaction between Hcy and vitamin D with CAD or severe CAD was observed. The present study shows an independent inverse linear relationship between vitamin D and Hcy values. Moreover, the association of Hcy with the extent of CAD was significant only among patients with hypovitaminosis D, and not in the cohort of subjects with vitamin D levels above the median, suggesting that a normal vitamin D status can prevent the deleterious effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on coronary atherosclerosis, a hypothesis that certainly needs further confirmation in larger randomized trials.
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Wallentin L, Eriksson N, Olszowka M, Grammer TB, Hagström E, Held C, Kleber ME, Koenig W, März W, Stewart RAH, White HD, Åberg M, Siegbahn A. Plasma proteins associated with cardiovascular death in patients with chronic coronary heart disease: A retrospective study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003513. [PMID: 33439866 PMCID: PMC7817029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating biomarkers are associated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its complications by reflecting pathophysiological pathways and/or organ dysfunction. We explored the associations between 157 cardiovascular (CV) and inflammatory biomarkers and CV death using proximity extension assays (PEA) in patients with chronic CHD. METHODS AND FINDINGS The derivation cohort consisted of 605 cases with CV death and 2,788 randomly selected non-cases during 3-5 years follow-up included in the STabilization of Atherosclerotic plaque By Initiation of darapLadIb TherapY (STABILITY) trial between 2008 and 2010. The replication cohort consisted of 245 cases and 1,042 non-cases during 12 years follow-up included in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study between 1997 and 2000. Biomarker levels were measured with conventional immunoassays and/or with the OLINK PEA panels CVD I and Inflammation. Associations with CV death were evaluated by Random Survival Forest (RF) and Cox regression analyses. Both cohorts had the same median age (65 years) and 20% smokers, while there were slight differences in male sex (82% and 76%), hypertension (70% and 78%), and diabetes (39% and 30%) in the respective STABILITY and LURIC cohorts. The analyses identified 18 biomarkers with confirmed independent association with CV death by Boruta analyses and statistical significance (all p < 0.0001) by Cox regression when adjusted for clinical characteristics in both cohorts. Most prognostic information was carried by N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), hazard ratio (HR for 1 standard deviation [SD] increase of the log scale of the distribution of the biomarker in the replication cohort) 2.079 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.799-2.402), and high-sensitivity troponin T (cTnT-hs) HR 1.715 (95% CI 1.491-1.973). The other proteins with independent associations were growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) HR 1.728 (95% CI 1.527-1.955), transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein (TIM-1) HR 1.555 (95% CI 1.362-1.775), renin HR 1.501 (95% CI 1.305-1.727), osteoprotegerin (OPG) HR 1.488 (95% CI 1.297-1.708), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 protein (sST2) HR 1.478 (95% CI 1.307-1.672), cystatin-C (Cys-C) HR 1.370 (95% CI 1.243-1.510), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) HR 1.205 (95% CI 1.131-1.285), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) HR 1.347 (95% CI 1.226-1.479), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) HR 1.399 (95% CI 1.255-1.561), interleukin 6 (IL-6) HR 1.478 (95% CI 1.316-1.659), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) HR 1.259 (95% CI 1.134-1.396), spondin-1 HR 1.295 (95% CI 1.156-1.450), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) HR 1.349 (95% CI 1.237-1.472), chitinase-3 like protein 1 (CHI3L1) HR 1.284 (95% CI 1.129-1.461), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) HR 1.486 (95% CI 1.307-1.689), and adrenomedullin (AM) HR 1.750 (95% CI 1.490-2.056). The study is limited by the differences in design, size, and length of follow-up of the 2 studies and the lack of results from coronary angiograms and follow-up of nonfatal events. CONCLUSIONS Profiles of levels of multiple plasma proteins might be useful for the identification of different pathophysiological pathways associated with an increased risk of CV death in patients with chronic CHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00799903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LW); (AS)
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maciej Olszowka
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanja B. Grammer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ralph A. H. Stewart
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harvey D. White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LW); (AS)
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12
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Ghantous CM, Kamareddine L, Farhat R, Zouein FA, Mondello S, Kobeissy F, Zeidan A. Advances in Cardiovascular Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120552. [PMID: 33265898 PMCID: PMC7759775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among them, hypertension and its pathological complications pose a major risk for the development of other cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and stroke. Identifying novel and early stage biomarkers of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases is of paramount importance in predicting and preventing the major morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Biomarkers of such diseases or predisposition to their development are identified by changes in a specific indicator’s expression between healthy individuals and patients. These include changes in protein and microRNA (miRNA) levels. Protein profiling using mass spectrometry and miRNA screening utilizing microarray and sequencing have facilitated the discovery of proteins and miRNA as biomarker candidates. In this review, we summarized some of the different, promising early stage protein and miRNA biomarker candidates as well as the currently used biomarkers for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Although a number of promising markers have been identified, it is unlikely that a single biomarker will unambiguously aid in the classification of these diseases. A multi-marker panel-strategy appears useful and promising for classifying and refining risk stratification among patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan 72, Lebanon;
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Rima Farhat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-431-309-19
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13
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Zhang Y, Jin JL, Cao YX, Liu HH, Zhang HW, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Hua Q, Li YF, Xu RX, Cui CJ, Liu G, Dong Q, Sun J, Li JJ. Prognostic utility of lipoprotein(a) combined with fibrinogen in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a prospective, large cohort study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:373. [PMID: 33004038 PMCID: PMC7528376 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and fibrinogen (Fib) are both associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The atherogenicity of Lp(a) can be partly due to the potentially antifibrinolytic categories. We hypothesize that patients with higher Lp(a) and Fib may have worse outcomes. Methods In this prospective study, we consecutively enrolled 8,417 Chinese patients with stable CAD from March 2011 to March 2017. All subjects were divided into 9 groups according to Lp(a) (Lp(a)-Low, Lp(a)-Medium, Lp(a)-High) and Fib levels (Fib-Low, Fib-Medium, Fib-High) and followed up for CVEs, including nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression and C-statistic analyses were performed. Results During a median of 37.1 months’ follow-up, 395 (4.7%) CVEs occurred. The occurrence of CVEs increased by Lp(a) (3.5 vs. 5.3 vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001) and Fib (4.0 vs. 4.4 vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001) categories. When further classified into 9 groups by Lp(a) and Fib levels, the CVEs were highest in the 9th (Lp(a)-High and Fib-High) compared with the 1st (Lp(a)-Low and Fib-Low) group (7.2 vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001). The highest risk of subsequent CVEs was found in the 9th group (HRadjusted 2.656, 95% CI 1.628–4.333, p < 0.001), which was more significant than Lp(a)-High (HRadjusted 1.786, 95% CI 1.315–2.426, p < 0.001) or Fib-High (HRadjusted 1.558, 95% CI 1.162–2.089, p = 0.003) group. Moreover, adding the combined Lp(a) and Fib increased the C-statistic by 0.013. Conclusion Combining Fib and Lp(a) enhance the prognostic value for incident CVEs beyond Lp(a) or Fib alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing-Lu Jin
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ye-Xuan Cao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chuan-Jue Cui
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China.
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14
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Hassan S, Barrett CJ, Crossman DJ. Imaging tools for assessment of myocardial fibrosis in humans: the need for greater detail. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:969-987. [PMID: 32705483 PMCID: PMC7429810 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological process in the development of cardiac disease and a target for future therapeutics. Despite this recognition, the assessment of fibrosis is not a part of routine clinical practice. This is primarily due to the difficulties in obtaining an accurate assessment of fibrosis non-invasively. Moreover, there is a clear discrepancy between the understandings of myocardial fibrosis clinically where fibrosis is predominately studied with comparatively low-resolution medical imaging technologies like MRI compared with the basic science laboratories where fibrosis can be visualized invasively with high resolution using molecularly specific fluorescence microscopes at the microscopic and nanoscopic scales. In this article, we will first review current medical imaging technologies for assessing fibrosis including echo and MRI. We will then highlight the need for greater microscopic and nanoscopic analysis of human tissue and how this can be addressed through greater utilization of human tissue available through endomyocardial biopsies and cardiac surgeries. We will then describe the relatively new field of molecular imaging that promises to translate research findings to the clinical practice by non-invasively monitoring the molecular signature of fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Hassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn J Barrett
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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15
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Vavik V, Pedersen EKR, Svingen GF, Solheim E, Aakre KM, Tell GS, Nygård O, Vikenes K. Systemic Cardiac Troponin T Associated With Incident Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris. Am J Cardiol 2020; 127:30-35. [PMID: 32423695 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Higher concentrations of cardiac troponin T are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and adverse cardiovascular prognosis. The relation with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is less explored. We studied this association among 3,568 patients evaluated with coronary angiography for stable angina pectoris without previous history of AF. The prospective association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) categories (≤3 ng/L; n = 1,694, 4-9; n = 1,085, 10 to 19; n = 614 and 20 to 30; n = 175) and incident AF and interactions with the extent of CAD were studied by Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression. Risk prediction improvements were assessed by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analyses. During median (25 to 75 percentile) 7.3 (6.3 to 8.6) years of follow-up 412 (11.5%) were diagnosed with AF. In a Cox model adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction, hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 1.53 (1.16 to 2.03), 2.03 (1.49 to 2.78), and 2.15 (1.40 to 3.31) when comparing the second, third, and fourth to the first hs-cTnT group, respectively (P for trend <0.000001). The strongest association between hs-cTnT levels and incident AF was found among patients without obstructive CAD (Pint = 0.024) and adding hs-cTnT to established AF risk factors improved risk classification slightly (ΔROC 0.006, p = 0.044). In conclusion, in patients with suspected stable angina higher levels of hs-cTnT predicted increased risk of incident AF. This was most pronounced in patients without obstructive CAD suggesting an association not mediated by coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Vavik
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Gard Ft Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Solheim
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Moberg Aakre
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Vikenes
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Walter J, du Fay de Lavallaz J, Koechlin L, Zimmermann T, Boeddinghaus J, Honegger U, Strebel I, Twerenbold R, Amrein M, Nestelberger T, Wussler D, Puelacher C, Badertscher P, Zellweger M, Fahrni G, Jeger R, Kaiser C, Reichlin T, Mueller C. Using High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin for the Exclusion of Inducible Myocardial Ischemia in Symptomatic Patients: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:175-185. [PMID: 31905377 DOI: 10.7326/m19-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal noninvasive method for surveillance in symptomatic patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To apply a novel approach using very low concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) for exclusion of inducible myocardial ischemia in symptomatic patients with CAD. DESIGN Prospective diagnostic cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01838148). SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS 1896 consecutive patients with CAD referred with symptoms possibly related to inducible myocardial ischemia. MEASUREMENTS Presence of inducible myocardial ischemia was adjudicated using myocardial perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography, as well as coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve measurements where available. Staff blinded to adjudication measured circulating hs-cTn concentrations. An hs-cTnI cutoff of 2.5 ng/L, derived previously in mostly asymptomatic patients with CAD, was assessed. Predefined target performance criteria were at least 90% negative predictive value (NPV) and at least 90% sensitivity for exclusion of inducible myocardial ischemia. Sensitivity analyses were based on measurements with an hs-cTnT assay and an alternative hs-cTnI assay with even higher analytic sensitivity (limit of detection, 0.1 ng/L). RESULTS Overall, 865 patients (46%) had inducible myocardial ischemia. The hs-cTnI cutoff of 2.5 ng/L provided an NPV of 70% (95% CI, 64% to 75%) and a sensitivity of 90% (CI, 88% to 92%) for exclusion of inducible myocardial ischemia. No hs-cTnI cutoff reached both performance characteristics predefined as targets. Similarly, using the alternative assays for hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT, no cutoff achieved the target performance: hs-cTnT concentrations less than 5 ng/L yielded an NPV of 66% (CI, 59% to 72%), and hs-cTnI concentrations less than 2 ng/L yielded an NPV of 68% (CI, 62% to 74%). LIMITATION Data were generated in a large single-center diagnostic study using central adjudication. CONCLUSION In symptomatic patients with CAD, very low hs-cTn concentrations, including hs-cTnI concentrations less than 2.5 ng/L, do not generally allow users to safely exclude inducible myocardial ischemia. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE European Union, Swiss National Science Foundation, Kommission für Technologie und Innovation (Innosuisse), Swiss Heart Foundation, Cardiovascular Research Foundation Basel, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Roche, Abbott, and Singulex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Walter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Jeanne du Fay de Lavallaz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Luca Koechlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Tobias Zimmermann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Jasper Boeddinghaus
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Ursina Honegger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Ivo Strebel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Melissa Amrein
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Thomas Nestelberger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Desiree Wussler
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Christian Puelacher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Patrick Badertscher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (P.B.)
| | - Michael Zellweger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Gregor Fahrni
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Raban Jeger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Christoph Kaiser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, and University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (T.R.)
| | - Christian Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (J.W., J.D., L.K., T.Z., J.B., U.H., I.S., R.T., M.A., T.N., D.W., C.P., M.Z., G.F., R.J., C.K., C.M.)
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17
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Ozen MO, Sridhar K, Ogut MG, Shanmugam A, Avadhani AS, Kobayashi Y, Wu JC, Haddad F, Demirci U. Total Microfluidic chip for Multiplexed diagnostics (ToMMx). Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Wong YK, Cheung CYY, Tang CS, Au KW, Hai JSH, Lee CH, Lau KK, Cheung BMY, Sham PC, Xu A, Lam KSL, Tse HF. Age-Biomarkers-Clinical Risk Factors for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2519-2527. [PMID: 30354221 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective- In patients with stable coronary artery disease, conventional risk factors provide limited incremental predictive value for cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate whether a panel of cardiometabolic biomarkers alone or combined with conventional risk factors would exhibit incremental value in the prediction of cardiovascular events. Approach and Results- In the discovery cohort, we measured serum adiponectin, A-FABP (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein), lipocalin-2, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-19 and 21, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and retinol-binding protein-4 in 1166 Chinese coronary artery disease patients. After a median follow-up of 35 months, 170 patients developed new-onset major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). In the model with age ≥65 years and conventional risk factors, area under the curve for predicting MACE was 0.68. Addition of lipocalin-2 to the age-clinical risk factor model improved predictive accuracy (area under the curve=0.73). Area under the curve further increased to 0.75 when a combination of lipocalin-2, A-FABP, and FGF-19 was added to yield age-biomarkers-clinical risk factor model. The adjusted hazard ratio on MACEs for lipocalin-2, A-FABP, and FGF-19 levels above optimal cutoffs were 2.23 (95% CI, 1.62-3.08), 1.99 (95% CI, 1.43-2.76), and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.15-2.35), respectively. In the validation cohort of 1262 coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the age-biomarkers-clinical risk factor model was confirmed to provide good discrimination and calibration over the conventional risk factor alone for prediction of MACE. Conclusions- A combination of the 3 biomarkers, lipocalin-2, A-FABP, and FGF-19, with clinical risk factors to yield the age-biomarkers-clinical risk factor model provides an optimal and validated prediction of new-onset MACE in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Kwun Wong
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Y Y Cheung
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara S Tang
- Department of Surgery (C.S.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Wing Au
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - JoJo S H Hai
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui-Kai Lau
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard M Y Cheung
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry (P.-C.S.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (P.-C.S.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory in Brain and Cognitive Sciences (P.-C.S.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X., K.S.L.L.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy (A.X.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X., K.S.L.L.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation (H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, China (H.-F.T.)
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19
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Schlaeger J, Cai HY, Steffen AD, Angulo V, Shroff AR, Briller JE, Hoppensteadt D, Uwizeye G, Pauls HA, Takayama M, Yajima H, Takakura N, DeVon HA. Acupuncture to Improve Symptoms for Stable Angina: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e14705. [PMID: 31359872 PMCID: PMC6690225 DOI: 10.2196/14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture has demonstrated physiologic analgesic effects in Chinese patients with stable angina. One proposed mechanism of action for these analgesic effects is the downregulation of M1 macrophages, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Objective This study aims to test a 10-session, 5-week acupuncture treatment protocol as a complementary therapy for symptoms of stable angina for American patients, who vary from Chinese patients in health care systems and other salient variables. Methods We are conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 69 adults (35 assigned to initial acupuncture and 34 to an attention control condition) with a medically confirmed diagnosis of stable angina, whose pain and associated symptoms have not been controlled to their satisfaction with guideline-directed medical management. Participants in the experimental group will receive a standardized traditional Chinese medicine point prescription. The attention control group will view non–pain-related health education videos over 5 weeks equal to the 10 hours of treatment for the acupuncture group. Participants will complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire-7, as well as have inflammatory cytokines measured at baseline and study completion. The primary outcomes are anginal pain and quality of life. Results This study has been funded over 2 years by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Nursing Research. We are currently recruiting and expect to have initial results by December 2020. Conclusions We will generate data on feasibility, acceptability, effect sizes, and protocol revisions for a future fully powered RCT of the protocol. Findings will help determine if patients with persistent ischemic symptoms experience a proinflammatory state and hyperalgesia caused by multiple neural and immune processes not always relieved with medication. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14705
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schlaeger
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hui Yan Cai
- Department of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, National University of Health Sciences, Lagrange, IL, United States
| | - Alana D Steffen
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Veronica Angulo
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Adhir R Shroff
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joan E Briller
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Glorieuse Uwizeye
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Heather A Pauls
- Office of Research Facilitation, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Miho Takayama
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Yajima
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuari Takakura
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Holli A DeVon
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Iyngkaran P, Noaman S, Chan W, Mahadavan G, Thomas MC, Rajendran S. Non-invasive Risk Stratification for Coronary Artery Disease: Is It Time for Subclassifications? Curr Cardiol Rep 2019; 21:87. [PMID: 31342185 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading contributor to cardiovascular disease; it is the most prevalent non-communicable disease globally and has high morbidity, mortality and health care cost. Risk stratification is defined as prevention or containment of disease prior to it occurring or progressing, and non-invasive surrogates include history, examination, biomarkers and non-invasive imaging. This review aims to highlight advancement in current diagnostic strategies and explores gaps for CAD secondary to atherosclerosis and non-obstructive vascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiac risk scores have largely proven inadequate in risk stratifying heterogeneous patient populations. Greater emphasis should also be provided to posttest risk stratification. Non-invasive imaging with MRI is the most accurate but least cost efficacious presently due to availability and expertise. Echocardiography and nuclear imaging have good accuracy, but radiation limits the latter. Novel echocardiographic technologies may increase its appeal. Cardiac CT angiography is increasingly promising. Non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging has significantly influenced the cost-efficacy trajectory of coronary artery disease diagnosis and management. Recent studies suggest that future guidelines will incorporate more subclassifications from the findings of these novel technologies and for more diverse patient demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pupalan Iyngkaran
- Consultant Cardiologist Heart West Melbourne Victoria and Senior Lecturer, NT Medical School, Flinders University, Darwin, Australia.
| | | | - William Chan
- University of Melbourne; Consultant & Interventional Cardiologist Alfred/Western/ Epworth, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gnanadevan Mahadavan
- Northern and Central Adelaide Local Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Merlin C Thomas
- Biochemistry of Diabetes Complications, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharmalar Rajendran
- Northern and Central Adelaide Local Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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21
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Januzzi JL, Mahler SA, Christenson RH, Rymer J, Newby LK, Body R, Morrow DA, Jaffe AS. Recommendations for Institutions Transitioning to High-Sensitivity Troponin Testing: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1059-1077. [PMID: 30798981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) I or T methods have been in use in certain regions for years but are now increasingly globally adopted, including in the United States. Accordingly, inevitable challenges are created for institutions transitioning from conventional cardiac troponin (cTn) assays. hs-cTn assays have higher analytic precision at lower concentrations, yielding greater clinical sensitivity for myocardial injury and allowing accurate recognition of small changes in troponin concentration (rise or fall) within a short time frame. Although much of the knowledge regarding troponin biology that was applicable with older troponin assays still holds true, considerable education regarding the differences between conventional cTn and hs-cTn is needed before medical systems convert to the newer methods. This includes a basic understanding of how hs-cTn testing differs from conventional cTn testing and how it is best deployed in different settings, such as the emergency department and inpatient services. This Expert Panel will review important concepts for institutional transition to hs-cTn methodology, providing recommendations useful for education before implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Simon A Mahler
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, Implementation Science, and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Robert H Christenson
- Core Laboratories and Point of Care Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Rymer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard Body
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Emergency Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Morrow
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Cardiology Department and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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22
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Eggers KM, Jernberg T, Lindahl B. Cardiac Troponin Elevation in Patients Without a Specific Diagnosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Vavik V, Pedersen EKR, Svingen GFT, Tell GS, Schartum-Hansen H, Aakre KM, Nygård O, Vikenes K. Usefulness of Higher Levels of Cardiac Troponin T in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris to Predict Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1142-1147. [PMID: 30146101 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In patients with stable angina, the association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as well as pathophysiologic mechanisms accounting for an adverse prognosis, remain to be determined. We explored the association between hs-cTnT and future AMI among 3,882 patients evaluated for suspected stable angina pectoris and investigated to which extent hs-cTnT attenuated the relations between traditional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and AMI. Associations between increasing hs-cTnT categories (≤3, 4 to 9, 10 to 19, and 20 to 30 ng/L) and risk of AMI were studied by Cox regression. We investigated whether the associations between traditional CHD risk factors and future AMI were influenced by adjusting for hs-cTnT. Median age was 62 years. During median (25th to 75th percentile) 8 (6.4 to 8.7) years of follow-up, 460 (11.8%) experienced an AMI. There was a strong association between hs-cTnT categories and risk of AMI. The relation was somewhat attenuated, but still present, when adjusting for potential confounders, traditional CHD risk factors, previous peripheral vascular disease, and percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary bypass surgery. Moreover, hs-cTnT slightly attenuated the risk relations between traditional CHD risk factors and incident AMI, but each risk factor remained significantly associated with AMI. In conclusion, among patients with suspected stable angina, hs-cTnT was positively related to incident AMI.
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24
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Bouabdallaoui N, Claggett B, Zile MR, McMurray JJ, O'Meara E, Packer M, Prescott MF, Swedberg K, Solomon SD, Rouleau JL. Growth differentiation factor‐15 is not modified by sacubitril/valsartan and is an independent marker of risk in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: the PARADIGM‐HF trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1701-1709. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael R. Zile
- Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center Charleston SC USA
| | | | - Eileen O'Meara
- Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean L. Rouleau
- Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal Montreal, Quebec Canada
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25
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Myhre PL, Omland T, Sarvari SI, Ukkonen H, Rademakers F, Engvall JE, Hagve TA, Nagel E, Sicari R, Zamorano JL, Monaghan M, D'hooge J, Edvardsen T, Røsjø H. Cardiac Troponin T Concentrations, Reversible Myocardial Ischemia, and Indices of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris: a DOPPLER-CIP Substudy. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1370-1379. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.288894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Cardiac troponin T concentrations measured with high-sensitivity assays (hs-cTnT) provide important prognostic information for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether hs-cTnT concentrations mainly reflect left ventricular (LV) remodeling or recurrent myocardial ischemia in this population is not known.
METHODS
We measured hs-cTnT concentrations in 619 subjects with suspected stable CAD in a prospectively designed multicenter study. We identified associations with indices of LV remodeling, as assessed by cardiac MRI and echocardiography, and evidence of myocardial ischemia diagnosed by single positron emission computed tomography.
RESULTS
Median hs-cTnT concentration was 7.8 ng/L (interquartile range, 4.8–11.6 ng/L), and 111 patients (18%) had hs-cTnT concentrations above the upper reference limit (>14 ng/L). Patients with hs-cTnT >14 ng/L had increased LV mass (144 ± 40 g vs 116 ± 34 g; P < 0.001) and volume (179 ± 80 mL vs 158 ± 44 mL; P = 0.006), lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (59 ± 14 vs 62 ± 11; P = 0.006) and global longitudinal strain (14.1 ± 3.4% vs 16.9 ± 3.2%; P < 0.001), and more reversible perfusion defects (P = 0.001) and reversible wall motion abnormalities (P = 0.008). Age (P = 0.009), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.01), LV mass (P = 0.003), LVEF (P = 0.03), and evidence of reversible myocardial ischemia (P = 0.004 for perfusion defects and P = 0.02 for LV wall motion) were all associated with increasing hs-cTnT concentrations in multivariate analysis. We found analogous results when using the revised US upper reference limit of 19 ng/L.
CONCLUSIONS
hs-cTnT concentrations reflect both LV mass and reversible myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder L Myhre
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian I Sarvari
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heikki Ukkonen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Frank Rademakers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan E Engvall
- Department of Clinical Physiology Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tor-Arne Hagve
- Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eike Nagel
- Kings College Hospital, Department of Non-invasive Cardiology, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose L Zamorano
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Monaghan
- Kings College Hospital, Department of Non-invasive Cardiology, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Jan D'hooge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Walter JE, Honegger U, Puelacher C, Mueller D, Wagener M, Schaerli N, Strebel I, Twerenbold R, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, Sazgary L, Marbot S, du Fay de Lavallaz J, Kaiser C, Osswald S, Wild D, Rentsch K, Zellweger M, Reichlin T, Mueller C. Prospective Validation of a Biomarker-Based Rule Out Strategy for Functionally Relevant Coronary Artery Disease. Clin Chem 2018; 64:386-395. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.277210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to prospectively advance a rule-out strategy for functionally significant coronary artery disease (CAD) by use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) from bench to bedside, by application of a 3-step approach: validation in serum, correlation in plasma, and application on a clinical platform.
METHODS
Patients without known CAD referred for rest/stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission tomography/computer tomography (MPI-SPECT/CT) were assigned to 3 consecutive cohorts: validation, correlation, and application. Functionally relevant CAD was adjudicated with the use of expert interpretation of MPI-SPECT/CT and, if available, coronary angiography. In the validation cohort resting hs-cTnI was measured in serum before stress testing with the research Erenna system, in serum and plasma in the correlation cohort with the research Erenna system, and in plasma in the application cohort with the clinical Clarity system.
RESULTS
Overall, functionally relevant CAD was adjudicated in 21% (304/1478) of patients. In the validation cohort (n = 613), hs-cTnI concentrations were significantly higher in patients with functionally relevant CAD (median 2.8 ng/L vs 1.9 ng/L, P < 0.001) as compared to patients without functionally relevant CAD and allowed a rule out with 95% sensitivity in 14% of patients. In the correlation cohort (n = 606), hs-cTnI concentrations in serum and plasma strongly correlated (Spearman r = 0.921) and had similar diagnostic accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.686 vs 0.678, P = 0.425). In the application cohort (n = 555), very low hs-cTnI plasma concentrations (< 0.5 ng/L) ruled out functionally relevant CAD with 95% sensitivity in 10% of patients.
CONCLUSIONS
A single resting plasma hs-cTnI measurement can safely rule out functionally relevant CAD in around 10% of patients without known CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Walter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Honegger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Puelacher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Wagener
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Schaerli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Strebel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasper Boeddinghaus
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nestelberger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorraine Sazgary
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stella Marbot
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne du Fay de Lavallaz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kaiser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Wild
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Rentsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zellweger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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