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Arsal Yıldırım S, Pekey B, Pekey H. Assessment of occupational exposure to fine particulate matter in dental prosthesis laboratories in Kocaeli, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:667. [PMID: 33006063 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dental prosthesis laboratories (DPLs) are among the workplaces where predominantly manual production takes place. In such working environments, during the manual manufacturing process, which involves fine smoothing and polishing of dental prostheses, fine particulate matter is released into the ambient air. In this study, the particulate matter (PM) concentrations and elemental content of the fine particles in the working ambient air were identified in six DPLs in Kocaeli, Turkey. PM2.5 mass concentrations, measured in all the DPLs, ranged between 80.8 and 1645 μg/m3 (mean 414 ± 406). As a result of the analyses performed with an ICP-MS device (Perkin Elmer Elan®DRC-e), trace elements of Be, Cd, Hg, and, notably, Co, Cr, Mo, and Ni were found. The researchers calculated the excess lifetime cancer risks and total hazard indexes. The average total cancer risk for all the DPLs was 8 × 10-3, which is higher than the acceptable limit of 1.0 × 10-6, and the total hazard index was 187, which is greater than the acceptable limit of 1.0. Considering these high-level risks, the study concluded that there is a need for new production methods, and strict application of occupational health and safety measures, to reduce the fine particle exposure of the workers in the laboratories. In addition, there are prescribed limit values for particulate matter only for respirable particles in working environments. The establishment of limit values, especially for PM2.5 concentrations, is important for the protection of the health of the employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Arsal Yıldırım
- Vocational School of Kocaeli Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Beyhan Pekey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Pekey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Hirano T, Numakura T, Moriyama H, Saito R, Shishikura Y, Shiihara J, Sugiura H, Ichinose M. The first case of multiple pulmonary granulomas with amyloid deposition in a dental technician; a rare manifestation as an occupational lung disease. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29788999 PMCID: PMC5964708 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational lung diseases, such as pneumoconiosis, are one of the health problems of dental workers that have been receiving increasing interest. Pulmonary amyloidosis is a heterogenous group of diseases, and can be classified into primary (idiopathic) and secondary (associated with various inflammatory diseases, hereditary, or neoplastic). To date, the development of pulmonary amyloidosis in dental workers has not been reported. Case presentation A 58-year-old Japanese female presented with chest discomfort and low-grade fever that has persisted for 2 months. She was a dental technician but did not regularly wear a dust mask in the workplace. Chest X ray and computed tomography revealed multiple well-defined nodules in both lungs and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography revealed abnormal FDG uptake in the same lesions with a maximal standardized uptake value (SUV [max]) of 5.6. We next performed thoracoscopic partial resection of the lesions in the right upper and middle lobes. The histological examination of the specimens revealed granuloma formation with foreign body-type giant cells and amyloid deposition that was confirmed by Congo red staining and direct fast scarlet (DFS) staining that produce apple-green birefringence under crossed polarized light. Because there were no other causes underlying the pulmonary amyloidosis, we performed electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) of the specimens and the result showed silica deposition in the lesions. Based on these results, we finally diagnosed the patient with pulmonary granulomas with amyloid deposition caused by chronic silica exposure. Afterward, her symptoms were improved and the disease has not progressed for 2 years since proper measures against additional occupational exposure were implemented. Conclusions Our case presented three important clinical insights: First, occupational exposure to silica in a dental workplace could be associated with the development of amyloid deposition in lung. Second, EPMA was useful to reveal the etiology of amyloid deposition in the lungs. Last, proper protection against silica is important to prevent further progression of the disease. In conclusion, our case suggested that occupational exposure to silica should be considered when amyloid deposition of unknown etiology is found in the lungs of working or retired adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizou Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Numakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Moriyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryoko Saito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shishikura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - Jun Shiihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical Center Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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