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Lee AA, Gervasio ED, Hughes RO, Maalouf AA, Musso SA, Crisalli AM, Woolridge EM. Alginate Encapsulation Stabilizes Xylanase Toward the Laccase Mediator System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3311-3326. [PMID: 36585551 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Xylanase, a hydrolytic enzyme, is susceptible to inactivation by the oxidative conditions generated by the laccase mediator system (LMS). Given the impetus to develop a mixed enzyme system for application in biomass processing industries, xylanase was encapsulated with either Cu2+- or Ca2+-alginate and then exposed to the LMS with variations such as mediator type, mediator concentration, and treatment pH. Results demonstrate that alginate-encapsulated xylanase retains substantial activity (> 80%) when exposed to the LMS relative to non-encapsulated xylanase. Cu2+-alginate generally provided better protection than Ca2+-alginate for all mediators, and protection was observed even at a low pH, where the LMS is most potent. Despite encapsulation, xylanase was still capable of hydrolyzing its polymeric substrate xylan, given kcat/Km values within an order of magnitude of that for non-encapsulated xylanase. The alginate matrix does not impede the function of the oxidized mediator, since comparable Vmax values were observed for the conversion of veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde by free and Cu2+-alginate encapsulated laccase. Overall, these results support development of a mixed enzyme system for biomass delignification and, more broadly, show potential for protecting protein function in an oxidative environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie A Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Esabelle D Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Riley O Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Alexandra A Maalouf
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Samantha A Musso
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Alicia M Crisalli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Elisa M Woolridge
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA.
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Concentrically Encapsulated Dual-Enzyme Capsules for Synergistic Metabolic Disorder Redressing and Cytotoxic Intermediates Scavenging. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040625. [PMID: 35214953 PMCID: PMC8878113 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme therapy has important implications for the treatment of metabolic disorders and biological detoxification. It remains challenging to prepare enzymatic nanoreactors with high therapeutic efficiency and low emission of cytotoxic reaction intermediates. Here, we propose a novel strategy for the preparation of enzymes-loaded polypeptide microcapsules (EPM) with concentrically encapsulated enzymes to achieve higher cascade reaction rates and minimal emission of cytotoxic intermediates. Mesoporous silica spheres (MSS) are used as a highly porous matrix to efficiently load a therapeutic enzyme (glucose oxidase, GOx), and a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly strategy is employed to assemble the scavenging enzyme (catalase) and polyelectrolyte multilayers on the MSS surface. After removal of the MSS, a concentrically encapsulated EPM is obtained with the therapeutic enzyme encapsulated inside the capsule, and the scavenging enzyme immobilized in the polypeptide multilayer shell. Performance of the concentrically encapsulated GOx-catalase capsules is investigated for synergistic glucose metabolism disturbance correction and cytotoxic intermediate H2O2 clearance. The results show that the EPM can simultaneously achieve 99% H2O2 clearance and doubled glucose consumption rate. This strategy can be extended to the preparation of other dual- or multi-enzyme therapeutic nanoreactors, showing great promise in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Makkliang F, Juengsanguanpornsuk W, Phaisan S, Sakdamas A, Putalun W, Sakamoto S, Yusakul G. Transformation of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica phytoestrogens using immobilized and free β-glucosidase, a technique for enhancing estrogenic activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32067-32076. [PMID: 35495490 PMCID: PMC9042063 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (PM) has a significant beneficial effect on postmenopausal symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency. However, the estrogenic activity and intestinal absorption of isoflavonoid glycosides derived from PM, such as daidzin and genistin, are significantly lower than those of their aglycones. To enhance the estrogenic activity of the PM extract, we developed β-glucosidase and its immobilized form to increase the PM aglycone content (daidzein and genistein). The enzyme immobilization was done by alginate beads, and the resulting β-glucosidase alginate beads have a diameter of about 0.20 cm. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize certain parameters, such as the pH, temperature, and ethanol concentration. The optimal conditions of β-glucosidase for daidzein and genistein production were pH of 4.8–4.9, a temperature in the range 46.3–49.1 °C, and ethanol concentration of 10.0–11.0%. The ANOVA results indicated that the design experiment involving free and immobilized β-glucosidase was the best fit by quadratic models, which had adjusted R2 values between 0.8625 and 0.9318. Immobilized β-glucosidase can be reused up to nine times and maintained efficacy of greater than 90%. Treatment of the PM extract with β-glucosidase increased the estrogenic activity of the PM extract by 8.71- to 23.2-fold compared to that of the untreated extract. Thus, β-glucosidase has a high potential for enhancing the estrogenic activity of PM constituents, and it can be applied on an industrial scale to increase the utility of these natural products. Transformation of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica phytoestrogens by β-glucosidase increases estrogenic activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonthip Makkliang
- School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Suppalak Phaisan
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Attapon Sakdamas
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Juntarachot N, Sirilun S, Kantachote D, Sittiprapaporn P, Tongpong P, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Anti- Streptococcus mutans and anti-biofilm activities of dextranase and its encapsulation in alginate beads for application in toothpaste. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10165. [PMID: 33240599 PMCID: PMC7678491 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of plaque causes oral diseases. Dental plaque is formed on teeth surfaces by oral bacterial pathogens, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral cavity. Dextranase is one of the enzymes involved in antiplaque accumulation as it can prevent dental caries by the degradation of dextran, which is a component of plaque biofilm. This led to the idea of creating toothpaste containing dextranase for preventing oral diseases. However, the dextranase enzyme must be stable in the product; therefore, encapsulation is an attractive way to increase the stability of this enzyme. Methods The activity of food-grade fungal dextranase was measured on the basis of increasing ratio of reducing sugar concentration, determined by the reaction with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. The efficiency of the dextranase enzyme was investigated based on its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against biofilm formation by S. mutans ATCC 25175. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the three factors affecting encapsulation: pH, calcium chloride concentration, and sodium alginate concentration. Encapsulation efficiency (% EE) and the activity of dextranase enzyme trapped in alginate beads were determined. Then, the encapsulated dextranase in alginate beads was added to toothpaste base, and the stability of the enzyme was examined. Finally, sensory test and safety evaluation of toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase were done. Results The highest activity of the dextranase enzyme was 4401.71 unit/g at a pH of 6 and 37 °C. The dextranase at its MIC (4.5 unit/g) showed strong inhibition against the growth of S. mutans. This enzyme at 1/2 MIC also showed a remarkable decrease in biofilm formation by S. mutans. The most effective condition of dextranase encapsulation was at a pH of 7, 20% w/v calcium chloride and 0.85% w/v sodium alginate. Toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase alginate beads produced under suitable condition was stable after 3 months of storage, while the sensory test of the product was accepted at level 3 (like slightly), and it was safe. Conclusion This research achieved an alternative health product for oral care by formulating toothpaste with dextranase encapsulated in effective alginate beads to act against cariogenic bacteria, like S. mutants, by preventing dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharee Juntarachot
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Kantachote
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
- Brain Science and Engineering Innovation Research Group, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Anti-Aging Science, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Wattana, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Tongpong
- Brain Science and Engineering Innovation Research Group, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Anti-Aging Science, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Wattana, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sartjin Peerajan
- Health Innovation Institute, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Co-encapsulation of enzyme and tricyanofuran hydrazone into alginate microcapsules incorporated onto cotton fabric as a biosensor for colorimetric recognition of urea. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gür SD, İdil N, Aksöz N. Optimization of Enzyme Co-Immobilization with Sodium Alginate and Glutaraldehyde-Activated Chitosan Beads. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:538-552. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tric M, Lederle M, Neuner L, Dolgowjasow I, Wiedemann P, Wölfl S, Werner T. Optical biosensor optimized for continuous in-line glucose monitoring in animal cell culture. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5711-5721. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Inactivation thermodynamics and iso-kinetic profiling for evaluating operational suitability of milk clotting enzyme immobilized in composite polymer matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:317-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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WitkowskaNery E, Santhiago M, Kubota LT. Flow in a Paper-based Bioactive Channel - Study on Electrochemical Detection of Glucose and Uric Acid. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia WitkowskaNery
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6154 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics; Institute of Chemistry - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6154 Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; 44/52. Kasprzaka street 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6154 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics; Institute of Chemistry - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6154 Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano); CNPEM; 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Lauro T. Kubota
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6154 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics; Institute of Chemistry - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6154 Campinas, Brazil
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Witkowska Nery E. Analysis of Glucose, Cholesterol and Uric Acid. ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF CLINICAL AND ALIMENTARY INTEREST WITH PAPER-BASED DEVICES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28672-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Nery EW, Kubota LT. Evaluation of enzyme immobilization methods for paper-based devices—A glucose oxidase study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:551-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Funaro MG, Nemani KV, Chen Z, Bhujwalla ZM, Griswold KE, Gimi B. Effect of alginate microencapsulation on the catalytic efficiency andin vitroenzyme-prodrug therapeutic efficacy of cytosine deaminase and of recombinantE. coliexpressing cytosine deaminase. J Microencapsul 2015; 33:64-70. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang J, Mignon A, Snoeck D, Wiktor V, Van Vliergerghe S, Boon N, De Belie N. Application of modified-alginate encapsulated carbonate producing bacteria in concrete: a promising strategy for crack self-healing. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1088. [PMID: 26528254 PMCID: PMC4602304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-healing concrete holds promising benefits to reduce the cost for concrete maintenance and repair as cracks are autonomously repaired without any human intervention. In this study, the application of a carbonate precipitating bacterium Bacillus sphaericus was explored. Regarding the harsh condition in concrete, B. sphaericus spores were first encapsulated into a modified-alginate based hydrogel (AM-H) which was proven to have a good compatibility with the bacteria and concrete regarding the influence on bacterial viability and concrete strength. Experimental results show that the spores were still viable after encapsulation. Encapsulated spores can precipitate a large amount of CaCO3 in/on the hydrogel matrix (around 70% by weight). Encapsulated B. sphaericus spores were added into mortar specimens and bacterial in situ activity was demonstrated by the oxygen consumption on the mimicked crack surface. While specimens with free spores added showed no oxygen consumption. This indicates the efficient protection of the hydrogel for spores in concrete. To conclude, the AM-H encapsulated carbonate precipitating bacteria have great potential to be used for crack self-healing in concrete applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Wang
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium ; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arn Mignon
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium ; Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Didier Snoeck
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Virginie Wiktor
- Microlab, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Van Vliergerghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele De Belie
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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Hu X, Lin B. Efficient production of D-HPG with an immobilized transgenic strainE. coliLY13-05. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1044909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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De Moura FF, Miloff A, Boy E. Retention of provitamin a carotenoids in staple crops targeted for biofortification in Africa: cassava, maize and sweet potato. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:1246-69. [PMID: 24915386 PMCID: PMC4353306 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.724477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HarvestPlus, part of the Consultative Group on Internation Agriculture research (CGIAR) Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) uses conventional plant breeding techniques to develop staple food crops that are rich in micronutrients, a food-based approach to reduce micronutrient malnutrition known as biofortification. The nutritional breeding targets are established based on the food intake of target populations, nutrient losses during storage and processing and bioavailability. This review collates the evidence on the retention of provitamin A carotenoid (pVAC) after processing, cooking, and storing of the staple crops targeted for pVAC biofortification: cassava, maize, and sweet potato. Sun drying was more detrimental to the pVAC levels (27-56% retention) in cassava than shade (59%) or oven (55-91%) drying, while the pVAC retention levels (66-96%) in sweet potato were not significantly different among the various drying methods. Overall, boiling and steaming had higher pVAC retention (80-98%) compared to baking (30-70%) and frying (18-54%). Gari, the most frequently consumed form of cassava in West Africa had the lowest pVAC retention (10-30%). The pVAC retention of maize grain and cassava and sweet potato flour reached levels as low as 20% after 1-4 months of storage and was highly dependent on genotype. Therefore, we recommend that an evaluation of the pVAC degradation rate among different genotypes be performed before a high pVAC crop is promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana F. De Moura
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Alexander Miloff
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Kurayama F, Suzuki S, Bahadur NM, Furusawa T, Ota H, Sato M, Suzuki N. Preparation of aminosilane–alginate hybrid microcapsules and their use for enzyme encapsulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aranaz I, Acosta N, Heras A. Encapsulation of an Agrobacterium radiobacter extract containing d-hydantoinase and d-carbamoylase activities into alginate–chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schwall CT, Banerjee IA. Micro- and Nanoscale Hydrogel Systems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5445705 DOI: 10.3390/ma2020577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit for targeted drug delivery systems has led to the development of highly improved biomaterials with enhanced biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Micro- and nanoscale components of hydrogels prepared from both natural and artificial components have been gaining significant importance due to their potential uses in cell based therapies, tissue engineering, liquid micro-lenses, cancer therapy, and drug delivery. In this review some of the recent methodologies used in the preparation of a number of synthetic hydrogels such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol methylacrylate co-polymers (PVA-MA) and polylactic acid (PLA), as well as some of the natural hydrogels and their applications have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ipsita A. Banerjee
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel. +1-718-817-4445; Fax: +1-718-817-4432
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Study of immobilized and extracellular invertase of lemon balm. Chem Nat Compd 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-009-9183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pescador P, Katakis I, Toca-Herrera JL, Donath E. Efficiency of a bienzyme sequential reaction system immobilized on polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:14108-14114. [PMID: 19360959 DOI: 10.1021/la8027435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We assembled multilayer films of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) coimmobilized together with polyelectrolyte layers on the surface of silica microparticles. The influence of different polyelectrolyte combinations on the immobilization and functionality of the enzymes was examined for several multilayer configurations. Precomplexation of the enzymes with a polyvinylpyridine-based polyamine allowed the stable adsorption of enzyme layers without affecting their catalytic activity. The efficiency of the sequential reaction between GOx and HRP on the surface of the colloids was quantitatively analyzed and rationalized in terms of the kinetic parameters of both enzymes and the reaction-diffusion kinetics of the system. In the optimized configuration, with GOx and HRP coimmobilized in the same layer, the overall rate of hydrogen peroxide conversion was around 2.5 times higher than for GOx and HRP in separate layers or for equivalent amounts of both enzymes free in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pescador
- Bioengineering and Bioelectrochemistry Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Stano J, Micieta K, Tintemann H, Neubert K. Bioassay for the determination of the intra- and extracellular activity of aminopeptidases in immobilized tomato cells. Chem Biodivers 2006; 3:414-21. [PMID: 17193278 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Permeabilized tomato cells were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in the absence of a carrier. The immobilized cells demonstrated significantly lower aminopeptidase (AP) activities than untreated control cells. However, when immobilized with pectate and alginate gels, the tomato cells retained their AP activities. A new method for the determination of the activity of both extra- and intracellular AP was developed, based on enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of synthetic beta-naphthylamides (betaNA) of the L-amino acids Ala, Arg, Leu, Pro, Tyr, or of the synthetic beta-methoxynaphthylamides (betaMNA) of Ala and Arg. Extracellular AP--produced by calli, cell-suspension culture, or seedlings of tomato cells grown on agar--hydrolyzed these peptidic substrates to the free naphthalene amines and amino acids. Staining with Fast Garnet GBC salt under formation of bright reddish azo dyes readily allowed the determination of AP activities. For the tomato-cell suspension, the intracellular activity accounted for 91.3-93.9% of the total activity, and the extracellular one for 6.1-8.7%, respectively. Our method permits the rapid, simple, and specific determination of plant aminopeptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Stano
- Garden of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Eryomin AN, Semashko TV, Mikhailova RV. Cooxidation of phenol and 4-aminoantipyrin, catalyzed by polymers and copolymers of horseradish root peroxidase and Penicillium funiculosum 46.1 glucose oxidase. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683806040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis of p-hydroxyphenylglicine by cell extract from Agrobaterium radiobacter encapsulated in alginate capsules. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Healing and Preventive Effects of Calcium Alginate on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Mar Drugs 2004. [DOI: 10.3390/md203108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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