1
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Guo S, Wang S, Meng J, Gu D, Yang Y. Immobilized enzyme for screening and identification of anti-diabetic components from natural products by ligand fishing. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:242-257. [PMID: 35156475 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2025034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Natural product is one of the most important resources for anti-diabetic drug. However, due to the extremely complex composition, this research is facing great challenges. After the advent of ligand fishing technology based on enzyme immobilization, the efficiency of screening anti-diabetic components has been greatly improved. In order to provide critical knowledge for future research in this field, the application progress of immobilized enzyme in screening anti-diabetic components from complex natural extracts in recent years was reviewed comprehensively, including novel preparation technologies and strategies of immobilized enzyme and its outstanding application prospect in many aspects. The basic principles and preparation steps of immobilized enzyme were briefly described, including entrapment, physical adsorption, covalent binding, affinity immobilization, multienzyme system and carrier-free immobilization. New formatted immobilized enzymes with different carriers, hollow fibers, magnetic materials, microreactors, metal organic frameworks, etc., were widely used to screen anti-diabetic compositions from various natural products, such as Ginkgo biloba, Morus alba, lotus leaves, Pueraria lobata, Prunella vulgaris, and Magnolia cortex. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in this field were put forward in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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2
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Chauhan V, Kaushal D, Dhiman VK, Kanwar SS, Singh D, Dhiman VK, Pandey H. An Insight in Developing Carrier-Free Immobilized Enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:794411. [PMID: 35309979 PMCID: PMC8924610 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.794411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play vital roles in all organisms. The enzymatic process is progressively at its peak, mainly for producing biochemical products with a higher value. The immobilization of enzymes can sometimes tremendously improve the outcome of biocatalytic processes, making the product(s) relatively pure and economical. Carrier-free immobilized enzymes can increase the yield of the product and the stability of the enzyme in biocatalysis. Immobilized enzymes are easier to purify. Due to these varied advantages, researchers are tempted to explore carrier-free methods used for the immobilization of enzymes. In this review article, we have discussed various aspects of enzyme immobilization, approaches followed to design a process used for immobilization of an enzyme and the advantages and disadvantages of various common processes used for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Diksha Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | | | - Shamsher Singh Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
- *Correspondence: Shamsher Singh Kanwar,
| | - Devendra Singh
- B.N. College of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Dhiman
- Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, India
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3
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Ergin MF. Purification of amoxicillin trihydrate in the presence of degradation products by different washing methods. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01073e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated crystallization or the use of different chemicals to obtain a pure crystal can cause yield/purity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Ergin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Wolf M, Tambourgi EB, Paulino AT. Stability of β-D-galactosidase immobilized in polysaccharide-based hydrogels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Chen Z, Chen Z, Liu C, Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang R. Optimization of penicillin G acylase immobilized on glutaraldehyde-modified titanium dioxide. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:990-998. [PMID: 31502318 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, TiO2 , which was modified by glutaraldehyde, was adopted as the carrier; the penicillin G acylase (PGA) was immobilized and the influence of immobilized conditions, such as pH of solution, the concentration of PGA, the immobilization temperature, and the reaction time, on the catalytic performance of the immobilized PGA was investigated and optimized. During this process, potassium penicillin G (PG) was chosen as substrate, and the quantity of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) produced by PG at the temperature of 25 °C for 3 Min in neutral solution was conscripted as the evaluation foundation, indexes, containing the loading capacity (ELC), the activity (EA), and activity retention rate (EAR), were calculated based on quantities of produced 6-APA and compared with finding out the suitable conditions. Results showed that when the solution pH, PGA concentration, immobilization temperature, and reaction time were 8.0, 2.5% (v/v), 35 °C, and 24 H, respectively, ELC, EA, and EAR presented optimal values of 9,190 U, 14,969 U/g, and 88.5% relatedly. After that, the stability and reusability of immobilized PGA were studied, and the results documented that the pH resistance, thermal stability, and storage stability of immobilized PGA were significantly improved. This work provided technique support for the practical application of immobilized PGA carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Runtian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Guerrero C, Aburto C, Súarez S, Vera C, Illanes A. Improvements in the production of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase crosslinked aggregates and their use in repeated-batch synthesis of lactulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 142:452-462. [PMID: 31676297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase was immobilized by aggregation and crosslinking, obtaining catalysts (CLAGs) well-endowed for lactulose synthesis. Type and concentration of the precipitating agent were determinants of immobilization yield, specific activity and thermal stability. CLAGs with specific activities of 64,007, 48,374 and 44,560 IUH g-1 were obtained using 50% v/v methanol, ethanol and propanol as precipitating agents respectively, with immobilization yields over 90%. Lactulose synthesis was conducted at 50 °C, pH 4.5, 50% w/w total sugars, 200 IUH g-1 of enzyme and fructose/lactose molar ratio of 8 in batch and repeated-batch operation. Lactulose yields were 0.19 g g-1 and 0.24 g g-1 for fructose to lactose molar ratios of 4 mol mol-1 and 8 mol mol-1 while selectivities were 3.3 mol mol-1 and 6.6 mol mol-1 respectively for CLAGs obtained by ethanol and propanol precipitation. Based on these results, both CLAGs were selected for the synthesis in repeated-batch mode. The cumulative mass of lactulose in repeated-batch was higher with CLAGs produced by ethanol and propanol precipitation than with the free enzyme. 86 and 93 repeated-batches could have been respectively performed with those CLAGs considering a catalyst replacement criterion of 50% of residual activity, as determined by simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carla Aburto
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Súarez
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
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7
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Fellechner O, Blatkiewicz M, Smirnova I. Reactive Separations for In Situ Product Removal of Enzymatic Reactions: A Review. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fellechner
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michał Blatkiewicz
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
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8
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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9
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Guerrero C, Aburto C, Suárez S, Vera C, Illanes A. Effect of the type of immobilization of β-galactosidase on the yield and selectivity of synthesis of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Guerrero C, Vera C, Serna N, Illanes A. Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase in an agarose matrix functionalized by four different methods and application to the synthesis of lactulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:53-63. [PMID: 28214445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase was immobilized in monofunctional glyoxyl-agarose and heterofunctional supports (amino-glyoxyl, carboxy-glyoxyl and chelate-glyoxyl agarose), for obtaining highly active and stable catalysts for lactulose synthesis. Specific activities of the amino-glyoxyl agarose, carboxy-glyoxyl agarose and chelate-glyoxyl agarose derivatives were 3676, 430 and 454IU/g biocatalyst with half-life values at 50°C of 247, 100 and 100h respectively. Specific activities of 3490, 2559 and 1060IU/g were obtained for fine, standard and macro agarose respectively. High immobilization yield (39.4%) and specific activity of 7700IU/g was obtained with amino-glyoxyl-agarose as support. The highest yields of lactulose synthesis were obtained with monofunctional glyoxyl-agarose. Selectivity of lactulose synthesis was influenced by the support functionalization: glyoxyl-agarose and amino-glyoxyl-agarose derivatives retained the selectivity of the free enzyme, while selectivity with the carboxy-glyoxyl-agarose and chelate-glyoxyl-agarose derivatives was reduced, favoring the synthesis of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides over lactulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nestor Serna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
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11
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Guerrero C, Vera C, Illanes A. Synthesis of lactulose in batch and repeated-batch operation with immobilized β-galactosidase in different agarose functionalized supports. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 230:56-66. [PMID: 28160659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactulose synthesis was done in repeated-batch mode with Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase immobilized in glyoxyl-agarose (GA-βG), amino-glyoxyl-agarose (Am-GA-βG) and chelate-glyoxyl-agarose (Che-GA-βG), at fructose/lactose molar ratios of 4, 12 and 20. Highest yields of lactulose in batch were obtained with Che-GA-βG (0.21, 0.29 and 0.32g·g-1) for 4, 12 and 20 fructose/lactose molar ratios respectively; when operating in 10 repeated batches highest product to biocatalyst mass ratios were obtained with Am-GA-βG (1.82, 2.52 and 2.7g·mg-1), while the lowest were obtained with Che-GA-βG (0.25, 0.33 and 0.39g·mg-1). Operational stability of Am-GA-βG was higher than GA-βG and Che-GA-βG and much higher than that of the free enzyme, at all fructose/lactose molar ratios evaluated. Efficiency of biocatalyst use for GA-βG were 64.4, 35.5 and 18.4kglactulose/gprotein, for fructose/lactose molar ratios of 4, 12 and 20 respectively, while for Che-GA-βG were 1.46, 1.05 and 0.96kglactulose/gprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
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12
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Roy I, Mukherjee J, Gupta MN. Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates for Applications in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1504:109-123. [PMID: 27770417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive cross-linking of a precipitate of a protein by a cross-linking reagent (glutaraldehyde has been most commonly used) creates an insoluble enzyme preparation called cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). CLEAs show high stability and performance in conventional aqueous as well as nonaqueous media. These are also stable at fairly high temperatures. CLEAs with more than one kind of enzyme activity can be prepared, and such CLEAs are called combi-CLEAs or multipurpose CLEAs. Extent of cross-linking often influences their morphology, stability, activity, and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Joyeeta Mukherjee
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Munishwar N Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India.
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13
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Enhanced Enzymatic Synthesis of a Cephalosporin, Cefadroclor, in the Presence of Organic Co-solvents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:29-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Jamwal S, Chauhan GS, Ahn JH, Reddy NS. Cellulase stabilization by crosslinking with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and evaluation of its activity including in a water–ionic liquid mixture. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of immobilized enzymes via crosslinking is an easy route to develop a biocatalyst with enhanced activity and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jamwal
- Himachal Pradesh University
- Department of Chemistry
- Shimla–171005
- India
| | | | - Jou-Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 52828
- Republic of Korea
| | - N. S. Reddy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Institute
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 52828
- Republic of Korea
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15
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Alagöz D, Tükel SS, Yildirim D. Enantioselective Synthesis of Various Cyanohydrins Using Covalently Immobilized Preparations of Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Prunus dulcis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1348-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Guerrero C, Vera C, Araya E, Conejeros R, Illanes A. Repeated-batch operation for the synthesis of lactulose with β-galactosidase immobilized by aggregation and crosslinking. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:122-131. [PMID: 25935392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of lactulose under repeated-batch operation was done with cross-linked aggregates of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase (CLAGs). The effect of the crosslinking agent to enzyme mass ratio and cross-linking time were first evaluated. Best results were obtained at 5.5gdeglutaraldehyde/g enzyme at 5h of cross-linking, obtaining a specific activity of 15,000IUg(-1), with 30% immobilization yield. CLAG was more stable than the free enzyme under non-reactive conditions with a half-life of 123h at 50°C and when operated in repeated-batch mode, yield and productivity was 3.8 and 4.3 times higher. Maximum number of batches was determined considering biocatalyst replacement at 50% residual activity. 98 and 27 batches could be performed under such criterion at fructose/lactose molar ratio of 4 and 20 respectively, reflecting that enzyme stability is strongly affected by the sugars distribution in the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2147, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carlos Vera
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2147, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Erick Araya
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2147, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2147, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2147, Valparaíso, Chile
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17
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Li L, Li G, Cao LC, Ren GH, Kong W, Wang SD, Guo GS, Liu YH. Characterization of the cross-linked enzyme aggregates of a novel β-galactosidase, a potential catalyst for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:894-901. [PMID: 25557319 DOI: 10.1021/jf504473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel β-galactosidase (Bgal1-3) was isolated from a marine metagenomic library and then its cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) were prepared. The enzymatic properties of Bgal1-3-CLEAs were studied and compared with that of the free enzyme. The thermostability and storage stability of Bgal1-3 were significantly improved after it was immobilized as CLEAs. The galactose-tolerance of the enzyme was also enhanced after the immobilization, which could relieve the inhibitory effect and then tends to be beneficial for the galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) synthesis. Moreover, higher GOS yield was achieved (59.4 ± 1.5%) by Bgal1-3-CLEAs compared to the free counterpart (57.1 ± 1.7%) in an organic-aqueous biphasic system. The GOS content and composition of the syrups synthesized by the free enzyme and Bgal1-3-CLEAs were similar and they both contained at least seven different oligosaccharides with the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging between 3 and 9. Furthermore, Bgal1-3-CLEAs maintained 82.1 ± 2.1% activity after ten cycles of reuse; the GOS yield of the tenth batch was 52.3 ± 0.3%, which was still higher than that of the most former reports. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the GOS synthesis using CLEAs of β-galactosidase in an organic-aqueous biphasic system. The study not only further expands the application scope of CLEA, but also provides a potential catalyst for the synthesis of GOS with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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18
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin and in situ product separation in thermally induced reversible phase-separation of ionic liquids/water mixture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 63:34-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Homaei AA, Sariri R, Vianello F, Stevanato R. Enzyme immobilization: an update. J Chem Biol 2013; 6:185-205. [PMID: 24432134 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-013-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immo-bilized enzyme systems allows an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple re-use of enzymes, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs. This paper is a review of the recent literatures on enzyme immobilization by various techniques, the need for immobilization and different applications in industry, covering the last two decades. The most recent papers, patents, and reviews on immobilization strategies and application are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abolpour Homaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sariri
- Reyhaneh Sariri, Department of Microbiology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Stevanato
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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20
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Talekar S, Joshi A, Joshi G, Kamat P, Haripurkar R, Kambale S. Parameters in preparation and characterization of cross linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Characteristic features and biotechnological applications of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:467-77. [PMID: 21887507 PMCID: PMC3189406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have many economic and environmental benefits in the context of industrial biocatalysis. They are easily prepared from crude enzyme extracts, and the costs of (often expensive) carriers are circumvented. They generally exhibit improved storage and operational stability towards denaturation by heat, organic solvents, and autoproteolysis and are stable towards leaching in aqueous media. Furthermore, they have high catalyst productivities (kilograms product per kilogram biocatalyst) and are easy to recover and recycle. Yet another advantage derives from the possibility to co-immobilize two or more enzymes to provide CLEAs that are capable of catalyzing multiple biotransformations, independently or in sequence as catalytic cascade processes.
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Abstract
Extensive cross-linking of a precipitate of a protein by a cross-linking reagent (glutaraldehyde has been most commonly used) creates an insoluble enzyme preparation called cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). CLEAs show high stability and performance in both conventional aqueous media as well as nonaqueous media. These are also stable at fairly high temperatures. CLEAs having more than one kind of enzyme activity can be prepared and such CLEAs are called combi-CLEAs or multipurpose CLEAs. Extent of cross-linking often influences their morphology, stability, activity, and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar N Gupta
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and CLEA Technolgies, Delftechpark 134, 2628 XH Delft, The Netherlands
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Amoxicillin via a One-pot Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Condensation Cascade Process in the Presence of Organic Co-solvents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2026-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu S, Wang X, Lu Q, Hu X, Uppal N, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Stabilization of enzymes in silk films. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1032-42. [PMID: 19323497 DOI: 10.1021/bm800956n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Material systems are needed that promote stabilization of entrained molecules, such as enzymes or therapeutic proteins, without destroying their activity. We demonstrate that the unique structure of silk fibroin protein, when assembled into the solid state, establishes an environment that is conducive to the stabilization of entrained proteins. Enzymes (glucose oxidase, lipase, and horseradish peroxidase) entrapped in these films over 10 months retained significant activity, even when stored at 37 degrees C, and in the case of glucose oxidase did not lose any activity. Further, the mode of processing of the silk protein into the films could be correlated to the stability of the enzymes. The relationship between processing and stability offers a large suite of conditions within which to optimize such stabilization processes. Overall, the techniques reported here result in materials that stabilize enzymes to an extent, without the need for cryoprotectants, emulsifiers, covalent immobilization, or other treatments. Further, these systems are amenable to optical applications and characterization, environmental distribution without refrigeration, are ingestible, and offer potential use in vivo, because silk materials are biocompatible and FDA approved, degradable with proteases, and currently used in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhou Lu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Romero O, Vergara J, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM, Illanes A, Wilson L. Simple strategy of reactivation of a partially inactivated penicillin g acylase biocatalyst in organic solvent and its impact on the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wilson L, Illanes A, Soler L, Henríquez MJ. Effect of the degree of cross-linking on the properties of different CLEAs of penicillin acylase. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bergeron LM, Tokatlian T, Gomez L, Clark DS. Redirecting the inactivation pathway of penicillin amidase and increasing amoxicillin production via a thermophilic molecular chaperone. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:417-24. [PMID: 18846552 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a single-subunit thermosome from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (rTHS) can stabilize enzymes in semi-aqueous media (Bergeron et al., 2008b). In the present study, rTHS was used to stabilize penicillin amidase (PGA) in methanol-water mixtures. Including methanol in the reaction medium for amoxicillin synthesis can suppress unwanted hydrolysis reactions but inactivate PGA. Inactivation and reactivation pathways proposed for PGA illustrate the predictability of enzyme stabilization by rTHS in co-solvents. Calcium was necessary for reversible dissociation of the two PGA subunits in methanol-water and the presence of calcium resulted in an enhancement of chaperone-assisted stabilization. rTHS also acted as a stabilizer in the enzymatic synthesis of the beta-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin. rTHS stabilized PGA, increasing its half-life in 35% methanol by fivefold at 37 degrees C. Stabilization by rTHS was enhanced but did not require the presence of ATP. Including rTHS in fed-batch reactions performed in methanol-water resulted in nearly 4 times more amoxicillin than when the reaction was run without rTHS, and over threefold higher selectivity towards amoxicillin synthesis compared to aqueous conditions without rTHS. The thermosome and other thermophilic chaperones may thus be generally useful for stabilizing enzymes in their soluble form and expanding the range of conditions suitable for biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bergeron
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Jung D, Paradiso M, Wallacher D, Brandt A, Hartmann M. Formation of cross-linked chloroperoxidase aggregates in the pores of mesocellular foams: characterization by SANS and catalytic properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:161-164. [PMID: 19170069 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
No escape: The formation of cross-linked chloroperoxidase aggregates (CPO-CLEAs) in the pores of mesocellular foam materials results in active biocatalysts that are more resistant to leaching than the conventional catalyst prepared by physisorption of chloroperoxidase. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments clearly confirm that the CPO-CLEAs are located in the pores of the mesocellular foams.
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Carrier-bound and carrier-free penicillin acylase biocatalysts for the thermodynamically controlled synthesis of β-lactam compounds in organic medium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Betancor L, Luckarift HR. Bioinspired enzyme encapsulation for biocatalysis. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:566-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Illanes A, Wilson L, Aguirre C. Synthesis of Cephalexin in Aqueous Medium with Carrier-bound and Carrier-free Penicillin Acylase Biocatalysts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:98-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Synthesis of cephalexin with immobilized penicillin acylase at very high substrate concentrations in fully aqueous medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Illanes A, Wilson L, Altamirano C, Cabrera Z, Alvarez L, Aguirre C. Production of cephalexin in organic medium at high substrate concentrations with CLEA of penicillin acylase and PGA-450. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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