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Sangkanu S, Pitakbut T, Phoopha S, Khanansuk J, Chandarajoti K, Dej-adisai S. A Comparative Study of Chemical Profiling and Bioactivities between Thai and Foreign Hemp Seed Species ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plus an In-Silico Investigation. Foods 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38201083 PMCID: PMC10778124 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a plant widely used by humans for textiles, food, and medicine. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the chemical profiling of 12 hemp seed extracts from Thai (HS-TH) and foreign (HS-FS) samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their antibacterial activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assayed. Linoleic acid (17.63-86.53%) was a major component presented in Thai hemp seed extracts, while α,β-gluco-octonic acid lactone (30.39%), clionasterol (13.42-29.07%), and glyceryl-linoleate (15.12%) were detected as the main metabolites found in foreign hemp seed extracts. Furthermore, eight extracts from both Thai and foreign hemp seed exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes, with MIC values ranging from 128 to 2048 µg/mL. Interestingly, the ethanol extract of Thai hemp seed (HS-TH-2-M-E) showed superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 value of 33.27 ug/mL) over foreign species. The combination between Thai hemp species (HS-TH-2-M-E) and acarbose showed a synergistic effect against α-glucosidase. Furthermore, the docking investigation revealed that fatty acids had a greater impact on α-glucosidase than fatty acid esters and cannabinoids. The computational simulation predicts a potential allosteric binding pocket of guanosine on glucosidase and is the first description of gluco-octonic acid's anti-glucosidase activity in silico. The findings concluded that Thai hemp seed could be used as a resource for supplemental drugs or dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthinee Sangkanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Thanet Pitakbut
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, RIKEN-Center for Computational Science, Chuo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sathianpong Phoopha
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Jiraporn Khanansuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kasemsiri Chandarajoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Sukanya Dej-adisai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
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Dai Y, Sun L, Tan Y, Xu W, Liu S, Zhou J, Hu Y, Lin J, Yao X, Mi P, Zheng X. Recent progress in the development of ursolic acid derivatives as anti-diabetes and anti-cardiovascular agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1643-1657. [PMID: 37705131 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, which exhibits many biological activities, particularly in anti-cardiovascular and anti-diabetes. The further application of UA is greatly limited due to its low bioavailability and poor water solubility. Up to date, various UA derivatives have been designed to overcome these shortcomings. In this paper, the authors reviewed the development of UA derivatives as the anti-diabetes anti-cardiovascular reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Dai
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yalin Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jieying Lin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
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Zhou Y, Xu B. New insights into anti-diabetes effects and molecular mechanisms of dietary saponins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12372-12397. [PMID: 35866515 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder that manifests as chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin, bringing a heavy load on the global health care system. Considering the inevitable side effects of conventional anti-diabetic drugs, saponins-rich natural products exert promising therapeutic properties to serve as safer and more cost-effective alternatives for DM management. Herein, this review systematically summarized the research progress on the anti-diabetic properties of dietary saponins and their underlying molecular mechanisms in the past 20 years. Dietary saponins possessed the multidirectional anti-diabetic capabilities by concurrent regulation of various signaling pathways, such as IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, AMPK, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB-NLRP3, SREBP-1c, and PPARγ, in liver, pancreas, gut, and skeletal muscle. However, the industrialization and commercialization of dietary saponin-based drugs are confronted with a significant challenge due to the low bioavailability and lack of the standardization. Hence, in-depth evaluations in pharmacological profile, function-structure interaction, drug-signal pathway interrelation are essential for developing dietary saponins-based anti-diabetic treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Lu SH, Li XX, Zuo HJ, Li WN, Pan JP, Huang J. Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities (II). Molecules 2023; 28:7274. [PMID: 37959693 PMCID: PMC10647328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligustrum robustum has been not only used as a heat-clearing and detoxicating functional tea (Ku-Ding-Cha) but also consumed as a hypotensive, anti-diabetic, and weight-reducing folk medicine. From the leaves of L. robustum, ten new monoterpenoid glycosides named ligurobustosides T10 (1a), T11 (1b), T12 (2a), T13 (2b), T14 (3a), T15 (3b), F1 (4b), T16 (5a), T17 (5b), and E1 (6b), together with five known ones (4a, 6a, 7, 8a, 8b), were separated and identified using the spectroscopic method and chemical method in this research. The results of biological tests exhibited that the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitory action of compound 5 (IC50: 4.38 ± 0.11 μM) was as strong as orlistat (IC50: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), a positive control; the α-glucosidase inhibitory actions of compounds 1-4 and 7-8, and the α-amylase inhibitory actions of compounds 1-8 were medium; the ABTS radical scavenging capacities of compounds 1-3 and 5-8 (IC50: 6.27 ± 0.23 ~ 8.59 ± 0.09 μM) were stronger than l-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC50: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM) served as a positive control. This research offered a theoretical foundation for the leaves of L. robustum to prevent diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (W.-N.L.); (J.-P.P.)
- Guangxi Database Construction and Application Engineering Research Center for in Tracorporal Pharmacochemistry of TCM, Baise 533000, China
- Key Laboratory of Youjiang Basin Characteristic Ethnic Medicine Research in Guangxi, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Li
- Nursing School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China;
| | - Hao-Jiang Zuo
- Department of Laboratory Science of Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Wei-Neng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (W.-N.L.); (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jia-Ping Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (W.-N.L.); (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Phoopha S, Sangkaew S, Wattanapiromsakul C, Nuankaew W, Kang TH, Dej-adisai S. Phytochemical Investigation of Lepionurus sylvestris Blume and Their Anti-Diabetes Effects via Anti-Alpha Glucosidase and Insulin Secretagogue Activities Plus Molecular Docking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1132. [PMID: 37631052 PMCID: PMC10458858 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a phytochemical investigation of Lepionurus sylvestris leaf extracts and their anti-diabetic activities. Traditionally, L. sylvestris leaves were used as vegetables and food in local recipes, but the root extracts of the plant can also be used in body tonic and erectile dysfunction treatments. Following a preliminary anti-diabetic activity screening test, the 80% ethanolic leaf extract exhibited potent anti-alpha glucosidase activity. So, the leaves' active components were selected for further investigation. Firstly, the plant was extracted via maceration using lower to higher polarity solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water, respectively, to obtain the four crude extracts. Then, the phytochemicals contained in this plant were investigated via classical column chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. Anti-diabetic activity was evaluated via anti-alpha glucosidase and insulin secretagogue assays. The results showed that five compounds were isolated from the fractionated ethanolic leaf extract: interruptin A; interruptin C; ergosterol; diglycerol; and 15-16-epoxy-neo-cleoda-3,7(20),13(16),14-tetraene-12,17:18,19-diolide, a new diterpene derivative which is herein referred to as lepionurodiolide. Interruptin A and the new diterpene derivative exhibited the greatest effect on anti-alpha glucosidase activity, showing IC50 values of 293.05 and 203.71 μg/mL, respectively. Then, molecular docking was used to study the sites of action of these compounds. The results showed that interruptin A and the new compound interacted through H-bonds with the GLN279 residue, with a binding energy of -9.8 kcal/mol, whereas interruptin A and C interacted with HIS280 and ARG315 a with binding energy of -10.2 kcal/mol. Moreover, the extracts were investigated for their toxicity toward human cancer cells, and a zebrafish embryonic toxicity model was used to determine herbal drug safety. The results indicated that ethyl acetate and hexane extracts showed cytotoxicity to both Hela cells and human breast adenocarcinomas (MCF-7), which was related to the results derived from using the zebrafish embryonic toxicity model. The hexane and ethyl acetate presented LC50 values of 33.25 and 36.55 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the ethanol and water extracts did not show embryonic toxicity. This study is the first of its kind to report on the chemical constituents and anti-diabetic activity of L. sylvestris, the leaf extract of which has been traditionally used in southern Thailand as a herbal medicine and food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathianpong Phoopha
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Surat Sangkaew
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Chatchai Wattanapiromsakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (W.N.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (W.N.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Sukanya Dej-adisai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
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Guo S, Wang S, Meng J, Gu D, Yang Y. Immobilized enzyme for screening and identification of anti-diabetic components from natural products by ligand fishing. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:242-257. [PMID: 35156475 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2025034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Natural product is one of the most important resources for anti-diabetic drug. However, due to the extremely complex composition, this research is facing great challenges. After the advent of ligand fishing technology based on enzyme immobilization, the efficiency of screening anti-diabetic components has been greatly improved. In order to provide critical knowledge for future research in this field, the application progress of immobilized enzyme in screening anti-diabetic components from complex natural extracts in recent years was reviewed comprehensively, including novel preparation technologies and strategies of immobilized enzyme and its outstanding application prospect in many aspects. The basic principles and preparation steps of immobilized enzyme were briefly described, including entrapment, physical adsorption, covalent binding, affinity immobilization, multienzyme system and carrier-free immobilization. New formatted immobilized enzymes with different carriers, hollow fibers, magnetic materials, microreactors, metal organic frameworks, etc., were widely used to screen anti-diabetic compositions from various natural products, such as Ginkgo biloba, Morus alba, lotus leaves, Pueraria lobata, Prunella vulgaris, and Magnolia cortex. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in this field were put forward in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Kim DS, Iida F. Kaniwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule)'s Nutritional Composition and Its Applicability as an Elder-Friendly Food with Gelling Agents. Gels 2023; 9. [PMID: 36661827 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study attempted to develop an elder-friendly food suitable to the Korean Industrial Standard (KS) after identifying the nutritional characteristics of Kaniwa; (2) Methods: The nutrient composition and physiological activity of Kaniwa were analyzed, and the concentration of the gelling agent (guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) to be added to Kaniwa mousse was derived through regression analysis to suit KS hardness level 1 to 3; (3) Results: It was found that Kaniwa not only had a good fatty acid composition but also had good antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Moreover, it was found that in order to have the hardness to chew Kaniwa mousse with the tongue, it was necessary to add less than 1.97% guar gum, 4.03% locust bean gum, and 8.59% xanthan gum. In order to have a hardness that can be chewed with the gum, it was found that 2.17~4.97% guar gum, 4.45~10.28% locust bean gum, and 9.48~21.96% xanthan gum should be added; (4) Conclusions: As the aging rate and life expectancy increase, support for developmental research related to the elder-friendly industry should be continuously expanded in preparation for the upcoming super-aging society.
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Nguyen MTT, Hsu IC, Liu HK, Lin YC, Chen SR, Chang FR, Cheng YB. Components with Anti-Diabetic Activity Isolated from the Leaves and Twigs of Glycosmis pentaphylla Collected in Vietnam. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121543. [PMID: 36558993 PMCID: PMC9785221 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the leaves and twigs of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Rutaceae), collected in Vietnam, yielded three new compounds named glyfuran (1), glyphyllamide (2), and glyphyllazole (3), along with twenty-five known compounds (4-28). The structures of isolates were determined by IR, MS, NMR, and UV data analyses. In the anti-diabetic activity screening, (+)-isoaltholacton (4), glycoborinine (17), 2',4'-dihydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxychalcone (24), and flavokawain A (25) simultaneously exhibited inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and stimulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion on the murine intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tuyet Thi Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Hsu
- Division of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813204, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rong Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-5252000 (ext. 5212)
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Songtrai S, Pratchayasakul W, Arunsak B, Chunchai T, Kongkaew A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC, Kaewsuwan S. Cyclosorus terminans Extract Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36432581 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interruptins A and B exhibited anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic ability of extract enriched by interruptins A and B (EEI) from an edible fern Cyclosorus terminans on insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats and elucidate their possible mechanisms. HFD-induced obese rats were treated with EEI for 2 weeks. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine the molecular basis. We found that EEI supplementation significantly attenuated body and liver weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Concurrently, EEI increased liver and soleus muscle glycogen storage and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. EEI also attenuated NAFLD, as indicated by improving liver function. These effects were associated with enhanced expression of insulin signaling genes (Slc2a2, Slc2a4, Irs1 and Irs2) along with diminished expression of inflammatory genes (Il6 and Tnf). Furthermore, EEI led to the suppression of lipogenesis genes, Srebf1 and Fasn, together with an increase in fatty acid oxidation genes, Ppara and Cpt2, in the liver. These findings suggest that EEI could ameliorate HFD-induced insulin resistance and NAFLD via improving insulin signaling pathways, inflammatory response, lipogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation.
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Li X, Wang X, Zhao M, Zhang H, Liu C. The Chemical and Pharmacological Research Progress on a Kind of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Fructus Malvae. Molecules 2022; 27:5678. [PMID: 36080446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the treatment process. Furthermore, the discovery of artemisinin in Artemisia annua has reduced the incidence of malaria all over the world. Therefore, it is becoming urgent and important to establish a novel method of conducting systematic research on Chinese herbal medicine, improving the medicinal utilization value of traditional Chinese medicine and bringing great benefits to human health all over the world. Fructus Malvae, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine which has been recorded in the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” (2020 edition), refers to the dry, ripe fruits of Malva verticillata L. Recently, some studies have shown that Fructus Malvae exhibits some special pharmacological activities; for example, it has diuretic, anti-diabetes, antioxidant and anti-tumor properties, and it alleviates hair loss. Furthermore, according to the reports, the active ingredients separated and identified from Fructus Malvae contain some very novel compounds such as nortangeretin-8-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside and 1-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo)-glucopyranosyl-2-O-linolenoyl-3-O-palmitoyl glyceride, which could be screened as important candidate compounds for diabetes- or tumor-treatment drugs, respectively. Therefore, in this research, we take Fructus Malvae as an example and systematically summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activity research progress of it. This review will be helpful in promoting the development and application of Fructus Malvae and will also provide an example for other investigations of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Yu YH, Jia L, Zeng HT, Yuan T. [Hydrolyzable tannins from flowers of Punica granatum and their anti-diabetic activities]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:3258-3264. [PMID: 35851119 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220129.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the active components against diabetes, the present study isolated eight hydrolyzable tannins from the ethyl acetate extract of Punica granatum flowers by MCI, reversed-phase chromatography(ODS), Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and HPLC, and the structures were elucidated as 1-O-galloyl-6-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose(1), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-gally-β-D-glucopyranose(2), punicafolin(3), corilagin(4), telimagrandin Ⅰ(5), 1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucose(6), heterophylliin A(7), and eugeniin(8) on the basis of spectral data and literature records. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 5-8 were isolated from this species for the first time. All isolated compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and DPP-Ⅳ. The results indicated that compounds 2, 3, and 5-8 showed significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, while compounds 1 and 4 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities. Compounds 5, 7, and 8 showed moderate inhibitory effects on DPP-Ⅳ. In addition, the type of enzyme inhibition of compound 5 was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hu Yu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011, China College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hui-Ting Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011, China
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Quan NV, Anh H, Lam VQ, Takami A, Teschke R, Khanh TD, Xuan TD. Anti-Diabetes, Anti-Gout, and Anti-Leukemia Properties of Essential Oils from Natural Spices Clausena indica, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, and Michelia tonkinensis. Molecules 2022; 27:774. [PMID: 35164038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) of Clausena indica fruits, Zanthoxylum rhetsa fruits, and Michelia tonkinensis seeds were analyzed for their phytochemical profiles and biological activities, including anti-diabetes, anti-gout, and anti-leukemia properties. Sixty-six volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), in which, myristicin (68.3%), limonene (44.2%), and linalool (49.3%) were the most prominent components of EOs extracted from C. indica, Z. rhetsa, and M. tonkinensis, respectively. In addition, only EOs from C. indica inhibited the activities of all tested enzymes comprising α-amylase (IC50 = 7.73 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.84 mg/mL), and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 0.88 mg/mL), which are related to type 2 diabetes and gout. Remarkably, all EOs from C. indica, Z. rhetsa (IC50 = 0.73 mg/mL), and M. tonkinensis (IC50 = 1.46 mg/mL) showed a stronger anti-α-glucosidase ability than acarbose (IC50 = 2.69 mg/mL), a known anti-diabetic agent. Moreover, the growth of leukemia cell Meg-01 was significantly suppressed by all EOs, of which, the IC50 values were recorded as 0.32, 0.64, and 0.31 mg/mL for EOs from C. indica, Z. rhetsa, and M. tonkinensis, respectively. As it stands, this is the first report about the inhibitory effects of EOs from C. indica and Z. rhetsa fruits, and M. tonkinensis seeds on the human leukemia cell line Meg-01 and key enzymes linked to diabetes and gout. In conclusion, the present study suggests that EOs from these natural spices may be promising candidates for pharmaceutical industries to develop nature-based drugs to treat diabetes mellitus or gout, as well as malignant hematological diseases such as leukemia.
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Jaiswal V, Chauhan S, Lee HJ. The Bioactivity and Phytochemicals of Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.: A Multifunctional Underutilized Crop Plant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:58. [PMID: 35052562 PMCID: PMC8773301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. is an underutilized crop plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. In recent years, the plant received huge attention and was introduced in different countries owing to properties such as a high nutritional content, its nitrogen-fixing abilities, and different biological activities such as its antioxidant, immune modulation, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, antiviral, and antiaging affects, among others. In this review, an attempt has been made to comprehensively compile the biological activities of the plant to provide a panoramic view of the current efforts and further directions, which may lead to the development of pharmacological applications. This information will be helpful in creating interest towards P. erosus and it may be useful in developing the plant for medical applications and/or as a functional food. More than 50 phytochemicals have been reported from the plant, which belong to different chemical classes such as triterpenoids, organic acid, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Numerous biological activities were reported from the plant through in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, and human studies. However, well-defined clinical studies are still lacking for the establishment of any biological properties that could be further developed. Suggestions for the further development of P. erosus, according to current knowledge about the different biological properties, has also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Jaiswal
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (V.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Shweta Chauhan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (V.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (V.J.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Tran LT, Techato K, Nguyen VB, Wang SL, Nguyen AD, Phan TQ, Doan MD, Phoungthong K. Utilization of Cassava Wastewater for Low-Cost Production of Prodigiosin via Serratia marcescens TNU01 Fermentation and Its Novel Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect. Molecules 2021; 26:6270. [PMID: 34684851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to reuse cassava wastewater (CW) for scaled-up production, via the fermentation of prodigiosin (PG), and to conduct an evaluation of its bioactivities. PG was produced at the yield of high 6150 mg/L in a 14 L-bioreactor system, when the designed novel medium (7 L), containing CW and supplemented with 0.25% casein, 0.05% MgSO4, and 0.1% K2HPO4, was fermented with Serratia marcescens TNU01 at 28 °C in 8 h. The PG produced and purified in this study was assayed for some medical effects and showed moderate antioxidant, high anti-NO (anti-nitric oxide), and potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Notably, PG was first reported as a novel effective α-glucosidase inhibitor with a low IC50 value of 0.0183 µg/mL. The commercial anti-diabetic drug acarbose was tested for comparison and had a lesser effect with a high IC50 value of 328.4 µg/mL, respectively. In a docking study, the cation form of PG (cation-PG) was found to bind to the enzyme α-glucosidase by interacting with two prominent amino acids, ASP568 and PHE601, at the binding site on the target enzyme, creating six linkages and showing a better binding energy score (−14.6 kcal/mol) than acarbose (−10.5 kcal/mol). The results of this work suggest that cassava wastewater can serve as a low-cost raw material for the effective production of PG, a potential antidiabetic drug candidate.
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Zhu L, Zhao H, Liu J, Cai H, Wu B, Liu Z, Zhou S, Liu Q, Li X, Bao B, Liu J, Dai H, Wang J. Dynamic folding modulation generates FGF21 variant against diabetes. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51352. [PMID: 33295692 PMCID: PMC7788455 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. It has been widely considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other related metabolic disorders. However, lack of structural and dynamic information has limited FGF21-based drug development. Here, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determine the structure of FGF21 and find that its non-canonical flexible β-trefoil conformation affects the folding of β2-β3 hairpin and further overall protein stability. To modulate folding dynamics, we designed an FGF21-FGF19 chimera, FGF21SS . As expected, FGF21SS shows better thermostability without inducing hepatocyte proliferation. Functional characterization of FGF21SS shows its better insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and lower blood glucose and insulin levels in ob/ob mice compared with wild type. Our dynamics-based rational design provides a promising approach for FGF21-based therapeutic development against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Biotechnology & Food EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Zhijun Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Shu Zhou
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Bin Bao
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jian Liu
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Han Dai
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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Anh LH, Quan NV, Lam VQ, Iuchi Y, Takami A, Teschke R, Xuan TD. Antioxidant, Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-α-amylase, and Cytotoxic Potentials of the Invasive Weed Andropogon virginicus. Plants (Basel) 2020; 10:plants10010069. [PMID: 33396235 PMCID: PMC7824498 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Andropogon virginicus is an invasive weed that seriously threatens agricultural production and economics worldwide. In this research, dried aerial parts of A. virginicus were extracted, applying Soxhlet and liquid-liquid phase methods to acquire the total crude (T-Anvi), hexane (H-Anvi), ethyl acetate (E-Anvi), butanol (B-Anvi), and water (W-Anvi) extracts, respectively. In which, T-Anvi contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (24.80 mg gallic acid and 37.40 mg rutin equivalents per g dry weight, respectively). Via anti-radical (ABTS and DPPH), and reducing power assays, E-Anvi exhibits the most potent activities (IC50 = 13.96, 43.59 and 124.11 µg/mL, respectively), stronger than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a standard antioxidant, while the lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect of E-Anvi (LPI = 90.85% at the concentration of 500 µg/mL) is close to BHT. E-Anvi shows the most substantial inhibition (IC50 = 2.58 mg/mL) on tyrosinase. Notably, α-amylase is significantly suppressed by H-Anvi (IC50 = 0.72 mg/mL), over twice stronger than the positive control, palmitic acid. In the cytotoxic assay, E-Anvi is the strongest extract inhibiting K562 cells (IC50 = 112.01 µg/mL). Meanwhile, T-Anvi shows the highest prevention on Meg-01 expansion (IC50 = 91.40 µg/mL). Dominant compounds detected in E-Anvi by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) are identified as flavonoids. However, among four major compounds identified in H-Anvi by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), palmitic acid and phytol are the most abundant compounds with peak areas of 27.97% and 16.42%, respectively. In essence, this is the first report describing that A. virginicus is a potential natural source of antioxidants, tyrosinase and α-amylase inhibitors, and anti-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) agents which may be useful in future therapeutics as promising alternative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Hoang Anh
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (L.H.A.); (N.V.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (L.H.A.); (N.V.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Vu Quang Lam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (V.Q.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Yu Iuchi
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (L.H.A.); (N.V.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (V.Q.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, 63450 Hanau, Germany;
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (L.H.A.); (N.V.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-82-424-6927
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Chen X, Gao M, Jian R, Hong WD, Tang X, Li Y, Zhao D, Zhang K, Chen W, Zheng X, Sheng Z, Wu P. Design, synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibition study of novel embelin derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020. [PMID: 31969031 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.171538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes (Burm. f.) of the Myrsinaceae family. It was first discovered to have potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.2 μM) against α-glucosidase in this study. Then, four series of novel embelin derivatives were designed, prepared and evaluated in α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The results show that most of the embelin derivatives synthesised are effective α-glucosidase inhibitors, with IC50 values at the micromolar level, especially 10d, 12d, and 15d, the IC50 values of which are 1.8, 3.3, and 3.6 μM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggest that hydroxyl groups in the 2/5-position of para-benzoquinone are very important, and long-chain substituents in the 3-position are highly preferred. Moreover, the inhibition mechanism and kinetics studies reveal that all of 10d, 12d, 15d, and embelin are reversible and mixed-type inhibitors. Furthermore, docking experiments were carried out to study the interactions between 10d and 15d with α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Rongchao Jian
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Denggao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Sheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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18
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Chen X, Gao M, Jian R, Hong WD, Tang X, Li Y, Zhao D, Zhang K, Chen W, Zheng X, Sheng Z, Wu P. Design, synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibition study of novel embelin derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:565-573. [PMID: 31969031 PMCID: PMC7006637 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1715386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes (Burm. f.) of the Myrsinaceae family. It was first discovered to have potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.2 μM) against α-glucosidase in this study. Then, four series of novel embelin derivatives were designed, prepared and evaluated in α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The results show that most of the embelin derivatives synthesised are effective α-glucosidase inhibitors, with IC50 values at the micromolar level, especially 10d, 12d, and 15d, the IC50 values of which are 1.8, 3.3, and 3.6 μM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggest that hydroxyl groups in the 2/5-position of para-benzoquinone are very important, and long-chain substituents in the 3-position are highly preferred. Moreover, the inhibition mechanism and kinetics studies reveal that all of 10d, 12d, 15d, and embelin are reversible and mixed-type inhibitors. Furthermore, docking experiments were carried out to study the interactions between 10d and 15d with α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Rongchao Jian
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Denggao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Sheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Dudoit A, Benbouguerra N, Richard T, Hornedo-Ortega R, Valls-Fonayet J, Coussot G, Saucier C. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Tannat Grape Phenolic Extracts in Relation to Their Ripening Stages. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1088. [PMID: 32707893 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen grape extracts as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors to prevent type-2 diabetes and hyperglycemia. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the stilbene, anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol compounds were measured by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The α-glucosidase inhibitory of seed and skin Tannat grape extracts at four ripening stages were investigated. The highest TPC values were measured in seeds at the “veraison stage” (65.29 ± 5.33 g of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) per kilogram of Fresh Weight (FW)). This was in accordance with the high flavan-3-ol contents measured for these two extracts (43.22 ± 2.59 and 45.45 ± 6.48 g/kg of seeds FW, respectively). The skin and seed extracts at the first stage of ripening exerted strong α-glucosidase inhibition, exceeding 95% (p < 0.05). A high linear correlation (R = 0.723, p ≤ 0.05) was observed between flavan-3-ol contents and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The stilbene contents and this activity were moderately to strongly anti-correlated (R = –0.828, p ≤ 0.05 for trans-resveratrol). The enzyme kinetic studies revealed a mixed type of inhibition. This study brings promising results for the therapeutic potential of seed and skin Tannat grape extracts as a functional food product with anti-diabetic activity.
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20
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Zheng MS, Liu YS, Yuan T, Liu LY, Li ZY, Huang XL. [Research progress on chemical constituents of Citrullus colocynthis and their pharmacological effects]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:816-824. [PMID: 32237481 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191104.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Citrullus colocynthis is widely distributed in the desert regions of the world. C. colocynthis has shown to improve constipation, liver diseases, jaundice, typhoid fever, diabetes and asthma in traditional use. As a kind of exterritorialy medicinal material, C. colocynthis has been used in China and introduced successfully. The main active ingredients of C. colocynthis are cucurbitacin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids, which have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-pathogenic microorganisms and anti-cancer activities in modern pharmacological research. This paper reviews the traditional application, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of C. colocynthis, and provides reference for the in-depth study for the efficacy and mechanism of different components of C. colocynthis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Si Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Liu
- The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Li-Ya Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Han Y, Kwon EY, Choi MS. Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allulose in Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Regulation of mRNA Expression and Alteration of the Microbiome Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072113. [PMID: 32708827 PMCID: PMC7400868 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allulose has been reported to serve as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetic food component; however, its molecular mechanism is not yet completely understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action for allulose in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by analyzing the transcriptional and microbial populations of diet-induced obese mice. Thirty-six C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups, fed with a normal diet (ND), a high-fat diet (HFD), a HFD supplemented with 5% erythritol, or a HFD supplemented with 5% allulose for 16 weeks, in a pair-fed manner. The allulose supplement reduced obesity and comorbidities, including inflammation and hepatic steatosis, and changed the microbial community in HFD-induced obese mice. Allulose attenuated obesity-mediated inflammation, by downregulating mRNA levels of inflammatory response components in the liver, leads to decreased plasma pro-inflammatory marker levels. Allulose suppressed glucose and lipid metabolism-regulating enzyme activities, ameliorating hepatic steatosis and improving dyslipidemia. Allulose improved fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the area under the curve (AUC) for the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), as well as hepatic lipid levels. Our findings suggested that allulose reduced HFD-induced obesity and improved T2DM by altering mRNA expression and the microbiome community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (Y.H.); (E.-Y.K.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (Y.H.); (E.-Y.K.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (Y.H.); (E.-Y.K.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7936
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El Adaouia Taleb R, Djebli N, Chenini H, Sahin H, Kolayli S. In vivo and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic propolis extract. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13267. [PMID: 32378224 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated whether ethanolic propolis extract would exhibit an anti-diabetic effect in rats. The animals were divided into four groups of five rats each. Diabetic rats received 30% or 15% propolis extract at a dosage of 0.5 ml/100 g for 4 weeks. Data for the diabetic groups treated with 30% and 15% propolis showed a decrease in blood sugar levels from 393 ± 192.7 to 154 ± 28.0 mg/dl and from 386 ± 141.1 to 331.5 ± 123.74 mg/dl, respectively. Compared with the diabetic control group, an improvement was observed in both groups treated with propolis at the pancreatic, hepatic, and renal tissue levels. Antioxidant capacity, phenolic analysis, and the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also tested using the propolis samples to support in vivo data. Chrysin and caffeic acid phenyl ester were the dominant phenolics. The IC50 results for α-amylase (0.62 ± 0.00 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (40.40 ± 0.09 μg/ml) were also encouraging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bee products, non-synthetic compounds including propolis, are of great interest due to their potential therapeutic effects in metabolic disorders. The current study was designed and is now reported in order to confirm this potential benefit. The results obtained indicate that the higher concentration (30%) of ethanolic propolis extract exhibited excellent potential anti-diabetic activity by reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. In addition, compared to the diabetic rat group, this extract exhibited a promising effect on the pancreatic, hepatic, and renal tissues of the propolis-treated groups. The current results indicate that propolis is a remarkable natural product with clinical potential in the treatment of diabetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia El Adaouia Taleb
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Api-Phytotherapy (LPAP), University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Djebli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Api-Phytotherapy (LPAP), University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Hadjer Chenini
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Api-Phytotherapy (LPAP), University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Huseyin Sahin
- Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kolayli
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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23
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Senthil R, Sakthivel M, Usha S. Structure-based drug design of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibitors: ferulic acid and derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1295-1311. [PMID: 32151198 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1740790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), ligand-activated transcription factor, is a key modulator of genes considered in diabetes development as well as treatment. Adipogenesis differentiation through PPARγ, CCAAT-enhancer protein alpha (C/EBPα) is identified as a critical mechanism in fat accumulation and weight gain. Polyphenols studied against adipocyte differentiation is taken up for consistent support and drug discovery. Structure-based drug design found useful to distinguish the underlying mechanism of receptor-ligand interaction and function. In this work, phenolic acids, ferulic acid and its derivatives are used as ligands. Molecular parameters have been set to filter and sort the 34 derivatives from ZINC and PubChem databases. Besides, for affinity and activity identification, troglitazone and resveratrol co-crystallized ligands have been studied. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity, density functional theory, highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital values and docking scores define the drug candidate as a potential inhibitor. Residues Ser 342 and Arg 280 bind with the ligands by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Based on the docking score, pharmacophore properties and functional energy values of the top six compounds are chosen for molecular dynamics and simulation. Consistency and stability maintained throughout the simulation up to 50 ns were observed. Free binding energy values and standard deviation of receptor and ligand calculated using molecular mechanics-generalized Born and surface area solvation method (MM_GBSA) is found significant. Therefore, ferulic acid derivatives and phenolic acids could be a potential inhibitor for adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renganathan Senthil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.,Lysine Biotech Private Limited, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manokaran Sakthivel
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Singaravelu Usha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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24
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Alipour M, Hossaini Z, Khaksar S, Rostami-Charati F. 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl) Phenylammonium triflate(BFPAT) as a Novel Organocatalyst for the Efficient Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one Derivatives. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:40-45. [PMID: 32103716 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666191218115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES A one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives by threecomponent cyclo-condensation of isatoic anhydride, aldehydes and amine or ammonium acetate has been developed using 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl) phenylammonium triflate (BFPAT) as a new organocatalyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS All of the obtained products are known compounds and identified by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and melting points. RESULTS A wide variety of structurally different aldehydes reacted easily and rapidly to result in the relating 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in good to excellent yield. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated an extremely effective and new process for synthesizing 2,3- dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones employing BFPAT as a novel organocatalyst in one-pot fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | | | - Samad Khaksar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Faramarz Rostami-Charati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, P.O. Box 163, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.,Research Center for Conservation of Culture Relics (RCCCR), Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Nguyen PH, Tuan HN, Hoang DT, Vu QT, Pham MQ, Tran MH, To DC. Glucose Uptake Stimulatory and PTP1B Inhibitory Activities of Pimarane Diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120859. [PMID: 31835878 PMCID: PMC7017366 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven pimarane diterpenes (1–7) were isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. by assay-guided isolation. All of the isolates possessed a 2-deoxy-2-((7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino)-d-glucose uptake effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. Most of them showed potent inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with IC50 values ranging from 0.33 to 9.84 μM. In the kinetic study, all inhibition types were exposed for the examined potencies, including mixed-competitive (1), non-competitives (3 and 5), competitive (6), and uncompetitive (7). The results suggested that O. stamineus and its pimarane diterpenes might exert the hypoglycemic effect via the insulin signaling pathway targeting inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phi Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.H.N.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Huynh Nhu Tuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong A University, 33 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Hai Chau District, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Duc Thuan Hoang
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 123106, Vietnam; (D.T.H.); (Q.T.V.)
| | - Quoc Trung Vu
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 123106, Vietnam; (D.T.H.); (Q.T.V.)
| | - Minh Quan Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau, Danang 551000, Vietnam;
| | - Dao Cuong To
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.H.N.); (D.C.T.)
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Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most valuable and commonly used Chinese medicines not only in ancient China but also worldwide. Ginsenosides, also known as saponins or triterpenoids, are thought to be responsible for the beneficial effects of ginseng. In this review, we summarize recent publications on anti-diabetic studies of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides in cells, animals, and humans. It seems that the anti-diabetic effect of ginseng is positive for type 2 diabetic patients but has no significant impact on prediabetes or healthy adults. Regulation of insulin secretion, glucose uptake, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory pathways may be the mechanisms involved with ginseng's anti-diabetic effects. Taken together, this summary provides evidence for the anti-diabetes effects of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides as well as the underlying mechanisms of their impact on diabetes.
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27
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Tran TN, Doan CT, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Diabetes Potential of Water-Soluble Chitosan-Glucose Derivatives Produced by Maillard Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1714. [PMID: 31635395 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-sugar derivatives demonstrate some useful biology activities (for example anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities). In this study, water-soluble chitosan–glucose derivatives (WSCGDs) were produced from a water-soluble chitosan hydrochloride (WSC) with 12.5 kDa of molecular weight and 24.05% of degree of acetylation (DA) via Maillard reaction with the heating temperatures of 100 °C and 121 °C. The Maillard reaction between WSC and glucose was investigated by measuring the absorbances at 420 nm and 294 nm, indicating that the reaction took place more effectively at 121 °C. All WSCGDs exhibited higher anti-oxidant activity than WSC, in which WSCGDs obtained at the treatment 121 °C for 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h expressed the highest ability (IC50 range from 1.90–1.05 mg/mL). Increased anti-α-amylase and anti-α-glucosidase activities were also observed in WSCGDs from the treatment at 121 °C. In detail, the highest IC50 values of anti-α-amylase activity were 18.02 mg/mL (121 °C, 3 h) and 18.37 mg/mL (121 °C, 4 h), whereas the highest IC50 values of anti-α-glucosidase activity were in range of 7.09–5.72 mg/mL (121 °C, for 1–4 h). According to the results, WSCGD obtained from 121 °C for 3 h was selected for further characterizing by high performance liquid chromatography size exclusion chromatography (HPLC SEC), colloid titration, FTIR, as well as 1H-NMR, indicating that the derivative of WSC and glucose was successfully synthesized with a molecular weight of 15.1 kDa and degree of substitution (DS) of 34.62 ± 2.78%. By expressing the excellent anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities, WSCGDs may have potential use in health food or medicine applications.
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28
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Ren Y, Wang C, Xu J, Wang S. Cafestol and Kahweol: A Review on Their Bioactivities and Pharmacological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174238. [PMID: 31480213 PMCID: PMC6747192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cafestol and kahweol are natural diterpenes extracted from coffee beans. In addition to the effect of raising serum lipid, in vitro and in vivo experimental results have revealed that the two diterpenes demonstrate multiple potential pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-osteoclastogenesis activities. The most relevant mechanisms involved are down-regulating inflammation mediators, increasing glutathione (GSH), inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and anti-angiogenesis. Cafestol and kahweol show similar biological activities but not exactly the same, which might due to the presence of one conjugated double bond on the furan ring of the latter. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological properties and the underlying mechanisms of cafestol-type diterpenoids, which show their potential as functional food and multi-target alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Quan NV, Tran HD, Xuan TD, Ahmad A, Dat TD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Momilactones A and B Are α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030482. [PMID: 30700006 PMCID: PMC6385104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are the active phytoalexins and allelochemicals in rice. In this study, MA and MB were purified from rice husk of Oryza sativa cv. Koshihikari by column chromatography, and purification was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exerted potent inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The inhibitory effect of MB on these two key enzymes was greater than that of MA. Both MA and MB exerted greater α-glucosidase suppression as compared to that of the commercial diabetic inhibitor acarbose. Quantities of MA and MB in rice grain were 2.07 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 µg/dry weight (DW), respectively. This study was the first to confirm the presence of MA and MB in refined rice grain and reported the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the two compounds. The improved protocol of LC-ESI-MS in this research was simple and effective to detect and isolate MA and MB in rice organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Lucknow 226016, India.
| | - Tran Dang Dat
- Khai Xuan International Co., Ltd., 22, 9/53/8 Quan Hoa, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 123000, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam.
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam.
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany.
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30
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Choi SH, Jeong GH, Lee KB, Jo C, Kim TH. A green chemical oligomerization of phloroglucinol induced by plasma as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2059-2063. [PMID: 30200805 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1516544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new facile method was developed for simple green synthesis of methylene-bridged phloroglucinol oligomers using nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in methanolic solution. The chemical structures of these newly generated oligomers 2-5 were determined by interpretation of the spectroscopic data, and the inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase of all isolates was evaluated. The unusual phloroglcuinol pentamer 5 connected by four methylene linkages showed a much higher potential inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase than the other generated oligomers 2-4 and appeared to be a promising lead for development as a potential antidiabetic agent. Abbreviations: T2DM, type2 diabetes mellitus; DBD, dielectric barrier discharge; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IC50, 50% inhibition concentration; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; FABMS, fastatom bombardment mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Choi
- a Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Han Jeong
- b Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Daegu University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bon Lee
- c Department of Biology Education , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- d Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- b Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Daegu University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
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31
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Ko JH, Nam YH, Joo SW, Kim HG, Lee YG, Kang TH, Baek NI. Flavonoid 8-O-Glucuronides from the Aerial Parts of Malva verticillata and Their Recovery Effects on Alloxan-Induced Pancreatic Islets in Zebrafish. Molecules 2018; 23:E833. [PMID: 29617347 PMCID: PMC6017522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva verticillata (Cluster mallow), a leafy vegetable that has been popular in East Asia for a long time, has also been used in herbal teas and medicines. The aqueous fraction of the aerial parts of Malva verticillata, exhibiting a very high quantity of flavonoids compared to the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, exhibited significant recovery effects on pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan in zebrafish larvae. Thus, the bioactive components responsible for this anti-diabetic activity were investigated. A new flavonoid glucuronide (1) and five known flavonoids were isolated from the aqueous fraction. Based on several spectroscopic methods, compound 1 was identified to be nortangeretin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide, and was named malvaflavone A. The A-ring of compound 1 had a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy moiety, which rarely occurs in plant systems. Also 8-O-glucuronide attached to the flavonoid moiety was rarely occurred in plant system. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 significantly improved the pancreatic islet size in zebrafish at 0.1 μM, and compounds 1 and 6 were found to block β-cell K⁺ channels in experiments with diazoxide. In ABTS, ORAC, and SOD assays, compounds 1-5 exhibited high anti-oxidant activities compared with quercetin and BHA (positive controls), indicating that the 8-O-glucuronide attached to the flavonoid moiety is a key structure for the expression of anti-oxidant activity. This is the first report of the isolation of compounds 1-6 from M. verticillata as well evaluated for anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant ativities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Youn Hee Nam
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Sun-Woo Joo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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Dong M, Lin J, Lim W, Jin W, Lee HJ. Role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome, aging, and cancer cachexia. Front Med 2017; 12:130-138. [PMID: 29119382 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat. BAT that had been know to exist only in mammals and the human neonate has received great attention for the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to its important function in energy metabolism, ever since it is recently reported that human adults have functional BAT. In addition, beige adipocytes, brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), have also been shown to take part in whole body metabolism. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that transplantation or activation of BAT or/and beige adipocytes reversed obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, many genes involved in BATactivation and/or the recruitment of beige cells have been found, thereby providing new promising strategies for future clinical application of BAT activation to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on recent advances of BAT function in the metabolic aspect and the relationship between BAT and cancer cachexia, a pathological process accompanied with decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure in cancer patients. The underlying possible mechanisms to reduce BAT mass and its activity in the elderly are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wonchung Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 363-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Hu H, Xia J, Wang D, Wang XS, Wu S. A Thoroughly Validated Virtual Screening Strategy for Discovery of Novel HDAC3 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E137. [PMID: 28106794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been recently identified as a potential target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Virtual screening (VS) is currently a routine technique for hit identification, but its success depends on rational development of VS strategies. To facilitate this process, we applied our previously released benchmarking dataset, i.e., MUBD-HDAC3 to the evaluation of structure-based VS (SBVS) and ligand-based VS (LBVS) combinatorial approaches. We have identified FRED (Chemgauss4) docking against a structural model of HDAC3, i.e., SAHA-3 generated by a computationally inexpensive “flexible docking”, as the best SBVS approach and a common feature pharmacophore model, i.e., Hypo1 generated by Catalyst/HipHop as the optimal model for LBVS. We then developed a pipeline that was composed of Hypo1, FRED (Chemgauss4), and SAHA-3 sequentially, and demonstrated that it was superior to other combinations in terms of ligand enrichment. In summary, we present the first highly-validated, rationally-designed VS strategy specific to HDAC3 inhibitor discovery. The constructed pipeline is publicly accessible for the scientific community to identify novel HDAC3 inhibitors in a time-efficient and cost-effective way.
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Hu X, Liu C, Wang X, Jia D, Lu W, Sun X, Liu Y, Yuan L. Hpyerglycemic and anti-diabetic nephritis activities of polysaccharides separated from Auricularia auricular in diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:352-358. [PMID: 28123514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to substantial morbidity and complications including nephropathy, a search for alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus is urgently required. The present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of polysaccharides separated from Auricularia auricular (AAP). Diet streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with metformin (100 mg/kg; positive control) and AAP (100 and 400 mg/kg) for four weeks, and parameters in the serum and liver associated with blood glucose, free radicals and nephropathy were determined. Similar to metformin, AAP treatment strongly reduced blood glucose levels by promoting glucose metabolism. The anti-oxidative activity of AAP, which was indicated by the modulation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reactive oxygen species and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde levels in serum, was observed in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of AAP on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric protein and inflammatory-related factors revealed its protection against diabetic nephropathy. The present data suggests that AAP-mediated anti-diabetic and anti-nephritic effects are partially associated with their modulations on the anti-oxidative system and nuclear factor kappa B-related signaling pathway. In conclusion, AAP has potential to be a novel source of treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, Jilin 130013, P.R. China
| | - Chungang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Faculty of Medicine, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, Jilin 130013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Yuan
- Center for Drug Evaluation of China, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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Im KH, Nguyen TK, Choi J, Lee TS. In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetes, Anti-Dementia, and Inflammation Inhibitory Effect of Trametes pubescens Fruiting Body Extracts. Molecules 2016; 21:E639. [PMID: 27196881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trametes pubescens, white rot fungus, has been used for folk medicine in Asian countries to treat ailments such as cancer and gastrointestinal diseases. This study was initiated to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-dementia, and anti-inflammatory activities of T. pubescens fruiting bodies. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of T. pubescens methanol (ME) and hot water (HWE) extracts (2.0 mg/mL) were comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the positive control. However, the chelating effects of ME and HWE were significantly higher than that of BHT. The HWE (6 mg/mL) also showed comparable reducing power to BHT. Eleven phenol compounds were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ME and HWE of the mushroom were lower than Acarbose, the standard reference; however, the inhibitory effects of the mushroom extracts at 2.0 mg/mL were moderate. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory effects of ME and HWE were moderate and comparable with galanthamine, the standard drug to treat early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ME had a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced PC-12 cell cytotoxicity at the concentration range of 2-40 μg/mL. The mushroom extracts also showed inflammation inhibitory activities such as production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage-like cell lines (RAW 264.7) and significantly suppressed the carrageenan-induced rat paw-edema. Therefore, fruiting body extracts of T. pubescens demonstrated antioxidant related anti-diabetes, anti-dementia and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oleanolic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpene family. In China, oleanolic acid has been used as an over the counter (OTC) hepatoprotective drug for decades. Oleanolic acid and its derivatives present a wide variety of biological activities, supporting their pharmaceutical uses for multiple diseases. AREAS COVERED Representative patent publications (1971-2015) covering the preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and medical uses of oleanolic acid and its derivatives are analyzed, with focus on their anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. A large number of Chinese patents have been given particular attention in this review. EXPERT OPINION Detailed efficacy studies are highly worth doing to undoubtedly confirm the clinical potential of oleanolic acid and its derivatives. Based on that, it would be critical to identify the key protein targets of the drugs so as to promote drug development and search for new lead compounds. Together, there is a huge potential for drug-repositioning of oleanolic acid, particularly in the areas of metabolic disease and immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Buchholz T, Melzig MF. Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus - Screening for Pancreatic Lipase and α-Amylase Inhibition. Phytother Res 2015; 30:260-6. [PMID: 26632284 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to find new pancreatic lipase (PL) and α-amylase inhibitors from natural sources for the treatment of obesity and related diseases as diabetes mellitus II, 23 medicinal plants with weight-reducing, serum glucose-reducing or related potential were investigated. Methanolic and water extracts of the plants were evaluated by using two in vitro test systems. Our findings have shown that the methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) showed high inhibitory activities to PL (IC50 : 35.8 ± 0.8 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 : 29.3 ± 0.5 µg/mL). Furthermore, the methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica L. (Leguminosae) showed a high anti-lipase (IC50 : 152.0 ± 7.0 µg/mL) and the aqueous extract a high anti-amylase (IC50 : 139.4 ± 9.0 µg/mL) activity. This work provides a priority list of interesting plants for further study with respect to the treatment of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Buchholz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cheng Q, Zhang X, Wang O, Liu J, Cai S, Wang R, Zhou F, Ji B. Anti-diabetic effects of the ethanol extract of a functional formula diet in mice fed with a fructose/fat-rich combination diet. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:401-408. [PMID: 24817112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizoma dioscorea, Lycium barbarum, Prunella vulgaris and hawthorn are well known in both traditional food and folk medicine. Each of these plants reportedly possesses beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes. In this study an anti-diabetic health-promoting diet was formulated by mixing the herbs in a ratio of 6:4:2:3, and the anti-diabetic effect and underlying mechanism were elucidated in vivo. RESULTS Compared with the model control group, the formula, especially its ethanol extract (EF), could improve glucose intolerance and normalize the lipid profile. The mechanisms responsible for the amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolism in mice were an increase in peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, a decrease in serum free fatty acid level, enhanced hepatic glucokinase activity and glycogen content and improved serum antioxidant activity. Hepatic histopathological examination also showed that EF administration markedly decreased fatty deposits in the liver of mice. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated that the prepared functional formula diet is a potent alternative as an anti-diabetic health-promoting diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J. Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2066-80. [PMID: 19575286 PMCID: PMC2822717 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound highly enriched in a number of medicinal herbals. Several in vitro and a handful of in vivo studies have shown that PGG exhibits multiple biological activities which implicate a great potential for PGG in the therapy and prevention of several major diseases including cancer and diabetes. Chemically and functionally, PGG appears to be distinct from its constituent gallic acid or tea polyphenols. For anti-cancer activity, three published in vivo preclinical cancer model studies with PGG support promising efficacy to selectively inhibit malignancy without host toxicity. Potential mechanisms include anti-angiogenesis; anti-proliferative actions through inhibition of DNA replicative synthesis, S-phase arrest, and G(1) arrest; induction of apoptosis; anti-inflammation; and anti-oxidation. Putative molecular targets include p53, Stat3, Cox-2, VEGFR1, AP-1, SP-1, Nrf-2, and MMP-9. For anti-diabetic activity, PGG and analogues appear to improve glucose uptake. However, very little is known about the absorption, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of PGG, or its toxicity profile. The lack of a large quantity of highly pure PGG has been a bottleneck limiting in vivo validation of cancer preventive and therapeutic efficacies in clinically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center and Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann E. Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056
| | - Junxuan Lü
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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