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Pereira A, Sidjabat HE, Davis S, Vong da Silva PG, Alves A, Dos Santos C, Jong JBDC, da Conceição F, Felipe NDJ, Ximenes A, Nunes J, Fária IDR, Lopes I, Barnes TS, McKenzie J, Oakley T, Francis JR, Yan J, Ting S. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolates from Chickens in Live Bird Markets and Boot Swabs from Layer Farms in Timor-Leste. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:120. [PMID: 38391506 PMCID: PMC10885974 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, and high levels of resistance have been detected in chicken populations worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy chickens in Timor-Leste. Through a cross-sectional study, cloacal swabs and boot swabs were collected from 25 live bird markets and two layer farms respectively. E. coli and Salmonella spp. from these samples were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials using a disk diffusion test, and a subset was tested for susceptibility to 27 antimicrobials using broth-based microdilution. E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates showed the highest resistance towards either tetracycline or ampicillin on the disk diffusion test. E. coli from layer farms (odds ratio:5.2; 95%CI 2.0-13.1) and broilers (odds ratio:18.1; 95%CI 5.3-61.2) were more likely to be multi-drug resistant than those from local chickens. Based on the broth-based microdilution test, resistance to antimicrobials in the Timor-Leste Antimicrobial Guidelines for humans were low, except for resistance to ciprofloxacin in Salmonella spp. (47.1%). Colistin resistance in E. coli was 6.6%. Although this study shows that antimicrobial resistance in chickens was generally low in Timor-Leste, there should be ongoing monitoring in commercial chickens as industry growth might be accompanied with increased antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrao Pereira
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Hanna E Sidjabat
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Steven Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Paulo Gabriel Vong da Silva
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Amalia Alves
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Cristibela Dos Santos
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Joanita Bendita da Costa Jong
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Felisiano da Conceição
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Natalino de Jesus Felipe
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Augusta Ximenes
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Junilia Nunes
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Isménia do Rosário Fária
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, Government of Timor-Leste, Av. Nicolao Lobato, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | | | - Joanna McKenzie
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tessa Oakley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Jennifer Yan
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Shawn Ting
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Dili, Timor-Leste
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Algammal AM, El-Tarabili RM, Abd El-Ghany WA, Almanzalawi EA, Alqahtani TM, Ghabban H, Al-Otaibi AS, Alatfeehy NM, Abosleima NM, Hetta HF, Badawy GA. Resistance profiles, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of XDR S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. AMB Express 2023; 13:110. [PMID: 37817026 PMCID: PMC10564691 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian salmonellosis is concomitant with high financial crises in the poultry industry as well as food-borne illness in man. The present study is designed to investigate the emergence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in diseased broilers, resistance profiles, and monitoring virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently, 450 samples (cloacal swabs, liver, and spleen) were collected from 150 diseased birds from different farms in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Subsequently, the bacteriological examination was done. Afterward, the obtained Salmonella isolates were tested for serogrouping, antibiogram, PCR monitoring of virulence (invA, stn, hilA, and pefA), and antimicrobial resistance genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, ermA, sul1, tetA, and aadA1). The total prevalence of Salmonella in the examined diseased broilers was 9.3%, and the highest prevalence was noticed in cloacal swabs. Among the recovered Salmonella isolates (n = 35), 20 serovars were recognized as S. Enteritidis and 15 serovars were identified as S. Typhimurium. Almost 60% of the retrieved S. Enteritidis serovars were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) to seven antimicrobial classes and inherited sul1, blaTEM, tetA, blaCTX-M, ereA, and aadA1 genes. Likewise, 25% of the recovered S. Enteritidis serovars were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to six classes and have sul1, blaTEM, tetA, blaCTX-M, and ereA resistance genes. Also, 66.7% of the retrieved S. Typhimurium serovars were XDR to seven classes and have sul1, blaTEM, tetA, blaCTX-M, ereA, and aadA1 genes. Succinctly, this report underlined the reemergence of XDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in broiler chickens. Meropenem and norfloxacin exposed a hopeful antimicrobial activity toward the re-emerging XDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in broilers. Moreover, the recurrence of these XDR Salmonella strains poses a potential public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Enas A Almanzalawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani M Alqahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Ghabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amenah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayera M Alatfeehy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 1261, Egypt
| | - Naira M Abosleima
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 1261, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Badawy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 46429, Umluj, Saudi Arabia
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Khaltabadi Farahani R, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Shahrokhi N, Khaltabadi Farahani AH, Ghafouri SA, Rezaei M, Gharibzadeh S, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Ehsani P. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Salmonella Gallinarum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:631-641. [PMID: 37941876 PMCID: PMC10628085 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. Salmonella Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the S. Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the S. Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran. Materials and Methods Sixty isolates of S. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results According to Multiplex PCR for ratA, SteB, and rhs genes, all 60 S. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA, blaOXA48, and qnrA. On the other hand, they expressed GES (85%), qnrB (75%), Fox M (70%), SHV (60%), CITM (20%), KPC (15%), FOX (10%), MOXM (5%), and qnrS (5%). All S. Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed sdiA gene. Conclusion Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating S. gallinarum biovars are multidrug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khaltabadi Farahani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ali Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of the Veterinary Medicine, University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Card RM, Chisnall T, Begum R, Sarker MS, Hossain MS, Sagor MS, Mahmud MA, Uddin ASMA, Karim MR, Lindahl JF, Samad MA. Multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella of public health significance recovered from migratory birds in Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162657. [PMID: 37256054 PMCID: PMC10226424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella provides an exemplar for the One Health approach as it encompasses public and animal health, food safety, and environmental considerations. The contribution of environmental aspects is currently less well-defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the carriage occurrence of non-typhoidal Salmonella in migratory birds in Bangladesh and assess the potential significance to public and animal health. Cloacal swabs (N = 453) were collected in the years 2018-2020 from Tanguar and Hakaluki Haors, important wetland ecosystems in Northeastern Bangladesh. The prevalence of Salmonella was 13.5% (61 positive swabs). Classical serotyping identified six serovars: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Perth, Kentucky, Albany, Infantis, Weltevreden, and Brancaster. Resistance towards 14 antimicrobials was assessed by broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration determination and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotype established by whole-genome sequencing. S. Perth and S. Weltevreden isolates were susceptible and harbored no acquired AMR genes. Isolates from the remaining serovars were multidrug resistant, commonly possessing resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella resistant to ciprofloxacin meets WHO criteria for priority pathogens. There was excellent concordance between resistance phenotype and the presence of corresponding AMR genes, many of which reside on Salmonella Genomic Islands. High-level ciprofloxacin resistance correlated with the presence of mutations in the chromosomal gyrB and/or parC genes. The S. Kentucky isolates were ST198, a widely distributed multidrug-resistant lineage reported in humans and animals, and constituting an ongoing risk to public health worldwide. We have demonstrated that multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella of public health significance can be recovered from migratory birds. A potential for risk can manifest through direct interaction, transmission to food-producing livestock on farms, and dissemination via the long range migratory movements of birds. Risks can be mitigated by measures including continued surveillance and implementation of good farm biosecurity practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick M. Card
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Chisnall
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhena Begum
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Sazzad Hossain
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjalal Sagor
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Asheak Mahmud
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - A. S. M. Ashab Uddin
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Johanna F. Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Abdus Samad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
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Hossain T, Khan MAS, Ahmed MF, Rahman SR. Prevalence and molecular detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from eggshells in the local markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.101-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. are frequently associated with various parts of the egg, including the shell, and cause foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. pose serious threats to human and animal health; therefore, preventive measures against these pathogens are important. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. from eggshell samples from different local markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: Salmonella spp. were recovered from eggshells by enrichment culture and biochemical tests and characterized through molecular amplification of Salmonella-specific genes. Antibiotic sensitivity testing and molecular detection of isolates were performed by disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The invA, fliC, and sdfI genes were used in PCR to identify the genus Salmonella, and the species Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively.
Results: The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was recorded as 40%, in which S. Typhimurium was the predominant serotype. PCR analysis revealed that 100%, 59%, and 13.6% of these isolates possessed the invA, fliC, and sdfI genes, respectively. The isolates exhibited multidrug resistance phenotypes, with resistance (95.5%) toward tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin and sensitivity (86.3%) toward chloramphenicol.
Conclusion: The findings of this study reflect the potential of eggs as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.; therefore, we recommend the careful handling of eggs to avoid contamination from farm to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Cao S, Yang W, Zhu X, Liu C, Lu J, Si Z, Pei L, Zhang L, Hu W, Li Y, Wang Z, Pang Z, Xue X, Li Y. Isolation and identification of the broad-spectrum high-efficiency phage vB_SalP_LDW16 and its therapeutic application in chickens. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:386. [PMID: 36329508 PMCID: PMC9632116 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella infection in livestock and poultry causes salmonellosis, and is mainly treated using antibiotics. However, the misuse use of antibiotics often triggers the emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella strains. Currently, Salmonella phages is safe and effective against Salmonella, serving as the best drug of choice. This study involved 16 Salmonella bacteriophages separated and purified from the sewage and the feces of the broiler farm. A phage, vB_SalP_LDW16, was selected based on the phage host range test. The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was characterized by the double-layer plate method and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutic effect of phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was verified by using the pathogenic Salmonella Enteritidis in the SPF chicken model. Results The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 with a wide host range was identified to the family Siphoviridae and the order Caudoviridae, possess a double-stranded DNA and can lyse 88% (22/25) of Salmonella strains stored in the laboratory. Analysis of the biological characteristics, in addition, revealed the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of vB_SalP_LDW16 to be 0.01 and the phage titer to be up to 3 × 1014 PFU/mL. Meanwhile, the phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was found to have some temperature tolerance, while the titer decreases rapidly above 60 ℃, and a wide pH (i.e., 5–12) range as well as relative stability in pH tolerance. The latent period of phage was 10 min, the burst period was 60 min, and the burst size was 110 PFU/cell. Furthermore, gastric juice was also found to highly influence the activity of the phage. The clinical treatment experiments showed that phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the blood through phage treatment, thereby improving the pathological changes in the intestinal, liver, and heart damage, and promoting the growth and development of the chicken. Conclusions The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 is a highly lytic phage with a wide host range, which can be potentially used for preventing and treating chicken salmonellosis, as an alternative or complementary antibiotic treatment in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Cao
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xihui Zhu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Cheng Liu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Jianbiao Lu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhenshu Si
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Lanying Pei
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wensi Hu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Yanlan Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zheyu Pang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xijuan Xue
- Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd., Sinder Industrial Park, Shungeng Road, Zhucheng Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong 262200 China
| | - Yubao Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
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Sanni AO, Onyango J, Usman A, Abdulkarim LO, Jonker A, Fasina FO. Risk Factors for Persistent Infection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Poultry Farms, North Central Nigeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081121. [PMID: 36009991 PMCID: PMC9405283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a bacterial zoonosis causing an array of health conditions. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) has a discrete adaptation to certain animals; in poultry, pullorum and fowl typhoid are its primary disease manifestations. The diseases are prevalent in Nigerian poultry and have been well-studied in Nigeria, but less so in North Central Nigeria (NCN). Using field sampling, laboratory methods and a semi-structured questionnaire for 1000 poultry farms in NCN, we explored the incidence and risk factors for the persistence of NTS infection in poultry. Approximately 41.6% of the farms had experienced NTS over the last 18 months. Farm experience of NTS moderately predicted awareness of salmonellosis. Increasing stock in smallholder farms, self-mixing of concentrate on the farm, usage of stream water, pen odour, non-adherence and partial adherence of farms to recommended poultry vaccination against pullorum and fowl typhoid and lack of and non-adherence to biosecurity were identified risk factors that increased the odds of NTS infection in poultry. Antibiotic use practice may have reduced the isolation rate of NTS, yet NTS continues to challenge poultry farms in Nigeria. Identified risk practices must be mitigated intentionally and biosecurity and hygiene must be improved to reduce the burden of NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi O. Sanni
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Agro-Processing, Productivity Enhancement and Livelihood Improvement Support (APPEALS) Project, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Onyango
- Harper and Keele Veterinary School, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Abdulkadir Usman
- Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna 920101, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Latifah O. Abdulkarim
- Agro-Processing, Productivity Enhancement and Livelihood Improvement Support (APPEALS) Project, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Annelize Jonker
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- ECTAD Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +254-111-3232-70
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Parvin MS, Ali MY, Mandal AK, Talukder S, Islam MT. Sink survey to investigate multidrug resistance pattern of common foodborne bacteria from wholesale chicken markets in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10818. [PMID: 35752640 PMCID: PMC9233690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne bacteria is a well-known public health problem. A sink survey was conducted to determine the AMR pattern of common foodborne bacteria in cloacal swab of broiler chickens and sewage samples from five wholesale chicken markets of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified by culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance genes were identified by multiplex PCR and sequencing. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 93.2% of E. coli, 100% of Salmonella spp., and 97.2% of S. aureus from cloacal swab samples. For sewage samples, 80% of E. coli, and 100% of Salmonella and S. aureus showed MDR. Noteworthy, 8.3% of S. aureus from cloacal swab samples showed possible extensively drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance genes (beta-lactamase—blaTEM, blaSHV; quinolone resistance gene—qnrS) were detected in a number of E. coli and Salmonella isolates from cloacal swab and sewage samples. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) was detected in 47.2% and 25% S. aureus from cloacal swab and sewage samples, respectively. The findings envisage the potential public health risk and environmental health hazard through spillover of common foodborne MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yamin Ali
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.,Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Talukder
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Roque-Borda CA, Souza Saraiva MDM, Monte DFM, Rodrigues Alves LB, de Almeida AM, Ferreira TS, de Lima TS, Benevides VP, Cabrera JM, Claire S, Meneguin AB, Chorilli M, Pavan FR, Junior AB, Vicente EF. HPMCAS-Coated Alginate Microparticles Loaded with Ctx(Ile 21)-Ha as a Promising Antimicrobial Agent against Salmonella Enteritidis in a Chicken Infection Model. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:472-481. [PMID: 35230825 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in poultry is most often transmitted by the fecal-oral route, which can be attributed to high population density. Upon encountering the innate immune response in a host, the pathogen triggers a stress response and virulence factors to help it survive in the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypromellose acetate/succinate (HPMCAS)-coated alginate microparticles containing the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha antimicrobial peptide (AMP) on both intestinal colonization and systemic infection of laying hens challenged with S. Enteritidis. The applied AMP microsystem reduced the bacterial load of S. Enteritidis in the liver, with a statistical significance between groups A (control, no Ctx(Ile21)-Ha peptide) and B (2.5 mg of Ctx(Ile21)-Ha/kg) at 2 days postinfection (dpi), potentially indicating the effectiveness of Ctx(Ile21)-Ha in the first stage of infection by S. Enteritidis. In addition, the results showed a significant decrease in the S. Enteritidis counts in the spleen and cecal content at 5 dpi; remarkably, no S. Enteritidis counts were observed in livers at 5, 7, and 14 dpi, regardless of the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha dosage (p-value <0.0001). Using the Chi-square test, the effect of AMP microparticles on S. Enteritidis fecal excretion was also evaluated, and a significantly lower bacterial excretion was observed over 21 days in groups B and C, in comparison with the untreated control (p-value <0.05). In summary, the use of HPMCAS-Ctx(Ile21)-Ha peptide microcapsules in laying hens drastically reduced the systemic infection of S. Enteritidis, mainly in the liver, indicating a potential for application as a feed additive against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Arequipa, Peru 04013
| | - Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Daniel F. M. Monte
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Adriana Maria de Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Taísa Santiago Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Túlio Spina de Lima
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Valdinete Pereira Benevides
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Julia Memrava Cabrera
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Sunil Claire
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom B15 2TT
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil 14801-902
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil 14801-902
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil 14801-902
| | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
| | - Eduardo Festozo Vicente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, São Paulo, Brazil 17602-496
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10
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Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from poultry processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0254465. [PMID: 35130286 PMCID: PMC8820648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) enterica serovars is a growing public health concern globally. The present study focused on the assessment of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling of NTS enterica serovars isolated from the chicken processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 samples consisting of carcass dressing water (CDW), chopping board swabs (CBS), and knife swabs (KS) were collected from 29 wet markets. The prevalence of Salmonella was found to be 20% in CDW, 19.31% in CBS, and 17.58% in KS, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDR Salmonella was found to be 72.41%, 73.21%, and 68.62% in CDW, CBS, and KS, respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. The S. Enteritidis and untyped Salmonella isolates harbored all virulence genes while S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes, except sefA and spvC. Phenotypic resistance revealed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and azithromycin. Genotypic resistance showed a higher prevalence of plasmid-mediated blaTEM followed by tetA, sul1, sul2, sul3, and strA/B genes. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of the isolates showed a harmonic and symmetrical trend. According to the findings, MDR and virulent NTS enterica serovars predominate in wet market conditions and can easily enter the human food chain. The chi-square analysis showed significantly higher associations among the phenotypic resistance, genotypic resistance and virulence genes in CDW, CBS, and KS respectively (p < 0.05).
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11
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Isolation and Partial Characterization of Salmonella Gallinarum Bacteriophage. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3308-3312. [PMID: 35844409 PMCID: PMC9280255 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Salmonella remain a major public health problem worldwide. Animal food products, including poultry meat and eggs, are considered essential components in the individual’s daily nutrition. However, chicken continues to be the main reservoir for Salmonella spp. Poultry farmers use several types of antibiotics to treat pathogens. This can pose a health risk as pathogens can build antibiotic resistance in addition to the possibility of accumulation of these antibiotics in food products. The use of phages in treating poultry pathogens is increasing worldwide due to its potential use as an effective alternative to antibiotics. Phages have several advantages over antibiotics; phages are very specific to target bacteria, less chances of developing secondary infections, and they only replicate at the site of infection. Here we report the isolation of a bacteriophage from chicken feces. The isolated bacteriophage hosts on Salmonella Gallinarum, a common zoonotic infection that causes fowl typhoid, known to cause major losses to poultry sector. The isolated bacteriophage was partially characterized as a DNA virus resistant to RNase digestion with approximately 20 Kb genome. SDS-PAGE analysis of total viral proteins showed at least five major bands (21, 28, 42, 55 and 68 kDa), indicating that this virus is relatively small compared to other known poultry phages. The isolated bacteriophage has the potential to be an alternative to antibiotics and possibly reducing antibiotic resistance in poultry farms.
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Das T, Rana EA, Dutta A, Bostami MB, Rahman M, Deb P, Nath C, Barua H, Biswas PK. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and burden of resistance genes in zoonotic Salmonella isolated from broiler chicken. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:237-244. [PMID: 34599790 PMCID: PMC8788989 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is frequently found in poultry of which only motile serovars have zoonotic significance due to their potential to induce human gastrointestinal infections. Antimicrobial resistance, being a public health concern, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes affecting food chain has greater impact worldwide. AIM Information on circulation of zoonotic Salmonella strains in commercial poultry farm level is limited in many parts of the world. This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the zoonotic Salmonella strains circulating in the broiler farm environment with their detailed antimicrobial resistance profiling. METHODS Pooled faecal samples were collected randomly from commercial broiler farms of Chattogram district, Bangladesh. Standard bacteriological procedure was followed to isolate Salmonella, and identification was confirmed by genus specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After phenotypic characterisation of resistance profile against eight antimicrobials by disc diffusion technique, all strains were screened by PCR for some selected resistance genes. RESULTS: Out of the 350 samples, Salmonella was isolated and identified from 86 samples. In antimicrobial sensitivity testing, more than 98.8% isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and 94.2% to tetracycline followed by enrofloxacin (56%) and ciprofloxacin (50%). Notably, 94% isolates were found to be MDR. The results of PCR assays revealed that 81.4% of the isolates were carrying the tetA gene, 19.8% the tetB and 10.47% the tetC gene. The prevalence of the isolates bearing the blaTEM , blaCTX-M and Sul-I gene were 95.4%, 7.0 % and 37.2 %, respectively. CONCLUSION There is a great risk to secure healthy poultry products due to the circulation of these MDR zoonotic Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Das
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Poultry Research and Training Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Avijit Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bayazid Bostami
- Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh
| | - Probir Deb
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Poultry Research and Training Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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13
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Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010083. [PMID: 35011189 PMCID: PMC8749661 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. enterica ser. Gallinarum) is a host-specific agent of fowl typhoid (FT). This is one of the most important bacterial infections in the poultry industry in both developing and developed countries, including South Korea. The use of antimicrobial drugs is the first choice for disease control. Antimicrobials, such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, are frequently used to treat FT. However, the continuous use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological relationship of thirty isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolated from poultry farms with an FT outbreak from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea. All the isolates showed a multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype. This study confirmed horizontal transmission and cross-contamination between farms within the same integrated poultry company or between farms belonging to different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful to develop prevention and control strategies for the MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological relationship between field outbreak isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Thirty S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates collected from poultry farms with FT outbreaks from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea were analyzed. All isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 18 antimicrobials tested and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and colistin. One isolate was resistant to 9 antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance profile, streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-colistin-nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-gentamicin (18/30, 60.0%), was the most prevalent. PFGE types were classified into 10 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for 30 field isolates. The dominant PFGE types were 1 (8/30, 26.7%), 4 (7/30, 23.3%), and 9 (5/30, 16.7%). Interestingly some isolates collected from the same and different companies had the same PFGE type. We reported a high MDR rate in S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates. The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal spread and cyclic contamination of MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum within the same company. Furthermore, we showed cross-contamination between different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful in the development of prevention and control strategies for MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea.
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Ali F, Silvy TN, Hossain TJ, Uddin MK, Uddin MS. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Salmonella species recovered at various stages of broiler operations in Hathazari, Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.158-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella through food chains has serious health implications, with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Broiler meat remains a major reservoir of Salmonella contamination. The lack of proper hygiene in local broiler operations has, therefore, prompted this research into the assessment of Salmonella contamination in local shops and associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 55 broiler samples including skin, meat, and swab samples from chopping and dressing sites were included in the study. The samples were collected from broiler shops in Hathazari, Bangladesh, and screened for the presence of Salmonella strains using culture-based methods. The isolates were biochemically characterized and further tested for AMR to eight common antibiotics using the disk diffusion technique.
Results: Salmonella contaminations were identified in 29% (16/55) of the broiler samples. Swab samples collected from the chopping sites appeared to be contaminated in higher proportions (33%) than those collected from the dressing areas (25%). On the other hand, the skin samples (50%) were detected with a higher percentage of contamination than the meat samples (25%). All Salmonella isolates showed resistance toward at least one of the eight antibiotics used. Although none of the isolates was resistant to all antibiotics, 18.75% showed resistance to a maximum of seven antibiotics. Resistance to nalidixic acid was most prevalent (87.5%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (81.25%), erythromycin (81.25%), tetracycline (75%), streptomycin (56.25%), ampicillin-clavulanic acid (50%), chloramphenicol (43.75%), and cefotaxime (18.75%). The resistance patterns of the isolates were found to be highly diverse. The most frequently observed pattern was the following: Ampicillin-clavulanic acid-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-nalidixic acid-tetracycline-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-erythromycin.
Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of MDR strains in the samples underlies an urgent need for surveillance and control measures concerning hygiene and antibiotic use in local broiler operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdausi Ali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tazriyan Noor Silvy
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanim Jabid Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamal Uddin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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15
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Sultana KF, Saha O, Hoque MN, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Multilocus sequence typing of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains circulating in poultry farms of Bangladesh. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2385-2399. [PMID: 34297327 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic pathogens, and becoming multidrug-resistant (MDR), which represents a serious public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to identify the circulating MDR strains of Salmonella through cutting edge molecular techniques including gene specific PCR, RAPD-PCR, ribosomal gene sequencing, and multilocus sequence types (MLST) in the poultry industry of Bangladesh. Two hundred Salmonella isolates were retrieved from 154 samples comprising droppings (n = 60), cloacal swabs (n = 60), feeds (n = 14), feeding water (n = 14), and handler's swab (n = 6) from 14 commercial layer farms of Bangladesh. The isolates were confirmed as Salmonella through invA gene specific PCR, and further genotyping was done by RAPD-PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolates were distributed into 18 different genotypes according to RAPD typing. The phylogenetic analysis identified three diverging phylogroups such as S. enterica Litchfield, S. enterica Enteritidis and S. enterica Kentucky with 11, 8, and 6 strains, respectively. The in vitro antibiogram profiling the Salmonella isolates through disc diffusion method using 13 commercially available antibiotics revealed highest resistance against doxycycline (91.5%) followed by tetracycline and ampicillin (86.0%, in each), and 72.0% isolates as MDR, being resistant to ≥ 5 antibiotics. The MLST typing was carried out based on the PCR amplification of seven housekeeping genes (aroC, hisD, hemD, purE, secA, thrA, and dnaN). MLST typing also revealed three sequence types (STs) such as ST11, ST198, and ST214 in these isolates, and eBURST analysis showed ST11 as the founder genotype. The three STs were highly resistant to tetracyclines and quinolone group of antibiotics, and all of the isolates harboring S. enterica Litchfield showed the highest resistance. Circulating common MLSTs with MDR properties in different farms confirmed the possibility of a common route of intra-farm transmission. We report for the first time of the association serovar Litchfield (ST11) in avian salmonellosis with MDR properties which is an urgent public health concern in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandokar Fahmida Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Muibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Jashore Science and Technology University, Jessore, Bangladesh.
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16
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Ali E, Islam MS, Hossen MI, Khatun MM, Islam MA. Extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf exhibits bactericidal effect against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria of poultry. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1921-1927. [PMID: 33955693 PMCID: PMC8464248 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of neem leaf extract against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria. Laboratory stock culture of Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum and Escherichia coli was revived. Antibiogram profiles of these bacteria were determined by disc diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of neem leaf was prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of neem leaf extract (112.5, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 mg/ml) against MDR pathogenic bacteria of poultry were determined by double dilution method. The MIC and MBC of the neem leaf extract were 12.5 and 25 mg/ml, respectively for P. multocida, 50 and 100 mg/ml for S. pullorum and S. gallinarum, 100 and 112.5 mg/ml for E. coli. Neem leaf extracts exhibited bactericidal effect against MDR pathogenic bacteria of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sadequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hossen
- Livestock Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Minara Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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17
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Siddiky NA, Sarker MS, Khan MSR, Begum R, Kabir ME, Karim MR, Rahman MT, Mahmud A, Samad MA. Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2021; 9:952. [PMID: 33924919 PMCID: PMC8145576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulent and multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonellaenterica is a foremost cause of foodborne diseases and had serious public health concern globally. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonellaenterica serovars recovered from chicken at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 cecal contents of broiler, sonali, and native chickens were collected from 29 wet markets. The overall prevalence of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and untyped Salmonella spp., were found to be 3.67%, 0.57%, and 1.95% respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. S. Enteritidis isolates carried all virulence genes whilst S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes except sefA and spvC. A diverse phenotypic and genotypic AMR pattern was found. Harmonic descending trends of resistance patterns were observed among the broiler, sonali, and native chickens. Interestingly, virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica serovars were found in native chicken, although antimicrobials were not used in their production cycle. The research findings anticipate that virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica are roaming in the wet markets which can easily anchor to the vendor, consumers, and in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nure Alam Siddiky
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.R.K.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Ruhena Begum
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md. Ehsanul Kabir
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.R.K.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Asheak Mahmud
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohammed A. Samad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh; (N.A.S.); (M.S.S.); (R.B.); (M.E.K.); (M.R.K.); (A.M.)
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Salmonella Gallinarum in Small-Scale Commercial Layer Flocks: Occurrence, Molecular Diversity and Antibiogram. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8050071. [PMID: 33922826 PMCID: PMC8145292 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8050071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Gallinarum is one of the most important bacterial pathogens associated with diminished egg production in poultry. The aim of this study was to understand the occurrence, molecular traits and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Gallinarum strains isolated from small-scale commercial layer flocks with low level biosecurity standards in Bangladesh. A total of 765 samples, including cloacal swabs (535), visceral organs (50), and droppings (180), were collected from chickens of 12 layer flocks in 11 districts. Salmonella Gallinarum was isolated and characterized through culture-based method, followed by biochemical tests, sero-grouping, PCR assays, sequencing, and antibiogram. The identity of biochemically detected isolates of Salmonella Gallinarum was confirmed via genus-specific 16S rRNA gene based PCR, followed by invA and spvC genes based PCR assays. Occurrence of Salmonella Gallinarum was detected in overall 25.75% (197/765) samples, with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher incidence in visceral organs (42%) in comparison to cloacal swab (24%) and droppings (26%). Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of invA and spvC genes in representative strains of Salmonella Gallinarum revealed a close genetic lineage, with a sequence similarity of 98.05–99.21% and 97.51–99.45%, respectively, to previously published sequences of the corresponding genes from the same serogroup strains. Remarkably, 66.5% (131/197) of the isolated strains of Salmonella Gallinarum were found to be resistant to 3 to 6 antimicrobial agents, and interpreted as multidrug resistant (MDR). The findings of this study underscore an inherent need of appropriate control measures to curb the widespread incidence of MDR Salmonella Gallinarum in small-scale commercial layer flocks, thereby, facilitating enhanced egg production and further support to the food security and safety in low resource settings.
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Al Amin M, Hoque MN, Siddiki AZ, Saha S, Kamal MM. Antimicrobial resistance situation in animal health of Bangladesh. Vet World 2020; 13:2713-2727. [PMID: 33487990 PMCID: PMC7811541 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2713-2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a crucial multifactorial and complex global problem and Bangladesh poses a regional and global threat with a high degree of antibiotic resistance. Although the routine application of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has largely contributed to the health and productivity, it correspondingly plays a significant role in the evolution of different pathogenic bacterial strains having multidrug resistance (MDR) properties. Bangladesh is implementing the National Action Plan (NAP) for containing AMR in human, animal, and environment sectors through “One Health” approach where the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) is the mandated body to implement NAP strategies in the animal health sector of the country. This review presents a “snapshot” of the predisposing factors, and current situations of AMR along with the weakness and strength of DLS to contain the problem in animal farming practices in Bangladesh. In the present review, resistance monitoring data and risk assessment identified several direct and/or indirect predisposing factors to be potentially associated with AMR development in the animal health sector of Bangladesh. The predisposing factors are inadequate veterinary healthcare, monitoring and regulatory services, intervention of excessive informal animal health service providers, and farmers’ knowledge gap on drugs, and AMR which have resulted in the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, ultimate in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in all types of animal farming settings of Bangladesh. MDR bacteria with extreme resistance against antibiotics recommended to use in both animals and humans have been reported and been being a potential public health hazard in Bangladesh. Execution of extensive AMR surveillance in veterinary practices and awareness-building programs for stakeholders along with the strengthening of the capacity of DLS are recommended for effective containment of AMR emergence and dissemination in the animal health sector of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Amin
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh
| | - M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Amam Zonaed Siddiki
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostofa Kamal
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh
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Castro-Vargas RE, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Rondón-Barragán IS. Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry: A global overview. Vet World 2020; 13:2070-2084. [PMID: 33281339 PMCID: PMC7704309 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2070-2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is the most important foodborne pathogen, and it is often associated with the contamination of poultry products. Annually, Salmonella causes around 93 million cases of gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths worldwide. Antimicrobial therapy is the first choice of treatment for this bacterial infection; however, antimicrobial resistance has become a problem due to the misuse of antibiotics both in human medicine and animal production. It has been predicted that by 2050, antibiotic-resistant pathogens will cause around 10 million deaths worldwide, and the WHO has suggested the need to usher in the post-antibiotic era. The purpose of this review is to discuss and update the status of Salmonella antibiotic resistance, in particular, its prevalence, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance patterns in response to critical antimicrobials used in human medicine and the poultry industry. Based on our review, the median prevalence values of Salmonella in broiler chickens, raw chicken meat, and in eggs and egg-laying hens were 40.5% ( interquartile range [IQR] 11.5-58.2%), 30% (IQR 20-43.5%), and 40% (IQR 14.2-51.5%), respectively. The most common serotype was Salmonella Enteritidis, followed by Salmonella Typhimurium. The highest antibiotic resistance levels within the poultry production chain were found for nalidixic acid and ampicillin. These findings highlight the need for government entities, poultry researchers, and producers to find ways to reduce the impact of antibiotic use in poultry, focusing especially on active surveillance and finding alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Enrique Castro-Vargas
- Research Group in Immunology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Research Group in Immunology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Research Group in Immunology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
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21
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Rizzo NN, Pottker ES, Webber B, Borges KA, Duarte SC, Levandowski R, Ruschel LR, Rodrigues LB. Effect of two lytic bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming Salmonella Gallinarum from poultry. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:640-645. [PMID: 32901508 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1805724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
1. Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) infections cause fowl typhoid, which leads to important economic losses. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the capacity for bacteria to form biofilms could play an important role in the persistence of SG in poultry flocks resulting in intermittent disease outbreaks. The aim of the following study was to assess the lytic activity of two new bacteriophages (Salmonella phages UPF_BP1 and UPF_BP2) against MDR and biofilm-forming SG. 2. Forty-six strains of SG, isolated in 2015, were characterised by antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation profiles and susceptibility to two new bacteriophages. 3. Of these strains, 24% were multidrug resistant and more than 80% formed biofilm, with no statistical difference between incubation temperatures (42°C or 22°C). With regard to the lytic activity of the phages, 85% of strains were susceptible to at least one phage. Of these, 74% were lysed by both phages, including MDR and biofilm producing strains. 4. The use of salmonella phages UPF_BP1 and UPF_BP2 were shown to be promising alternatives for the biological control of fowl typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Rizzo
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E S Pottker
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - B Webber
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K A Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S C Duarte
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Suínos e Aves , Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - R Levandowski
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - L R Ruschel
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - L B Rodrigues
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica in raw milk samples using Stn gene-based biosensor. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:425. [PMID: 31696030 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a DNA-based nanosensor using specific NH2 labeled single standard probe was developed against stn gene of Salmonella enterica in milk samples. The single-stranded DNA probe was immobilized on carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube and gold nanoparticle (c-MWCNT/AuNP) electrode using 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC): N-hydroxy succinimide-based cross-linking chemistry. Electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The electrode surface at each step of fabrication was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The sensitivity and lower limit of detection were found to be 728.42 (μA/cm2)/ng and 1.8 pg/6 μl (0.3 pg/ml), respectively, with regression coefficient (R 2) of 0.843 using DPV. The sensor was further validated using raw and artificial milk samples, and results were compared with conventional methods of detection. The developed sensor was found to be highly sensitive and stable up to 6 months, with only 10% loss of initial peak current in CV analysis on storage at 4 °C.
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Vinueza-Burgos C, Baquero M, Medina J, De Zutter L. Occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 299:1-7. [PMID: 30933685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen in the poultry production systems. Its presence in this food industry is determined by the fact that it can survive and pass throughout the different steps in the poultry production. In this study we aimed to study the occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company. Three hundred fourteen samples were collected in the feeding plant, farms and the slaughterhouse. Samples were cultured for Salmonella isolation according to the ISO6579/Amd 1. Isolates were further typed by Kauffmann-White scheme and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial resistance to 11 antimicrobials was studied by disk diffusion tests and sequencing of ESBL genes. From the collected samples 70 (22%) were found to be Salmonella positive. The lowest Salmonella rates were found in feed samples while in farm and slaughterhouse samples Salmonella presence ranged from 5% to 88%. S. Infantis was the most common serotype (94%, 66/70). PFGE demonstrated that isolates belonged to 11 genotypes. Some genotypes were continuously identified throughout the production chain. 97% of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial. Moreover, all S. Infantis isolates and one auto-agglutinable isolate showed resistance to at least 6 antimicrobials. 30 and 8 isolates were positive to blaCTX-M-65 and blaCTX-M-14 genes respectively. No blaKPC resistance genes were identified in any isolate. This study highlights the predominance of S. Infantis in the integrated poultry company. Genotypes showed that cross-contamination between stages of poultry production can occur, stressing the importance of implementing good hygiene practices in every level of the production. Moreover, multidrug resistance patterns and the presence of important ESBL genes have public health implications that need to be deeply discussed with a one health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Baquero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Medina
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lee HT, Lee SJ, Yoon JW. Immunomodulation by Bioprocessed Polysaccharides from <i>Lentinus edodes</i> Mycelia Cultures with Rice Bran in the <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum-infected Chicken Macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2018.33.5.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Salmonella infection in poultry with serotypes of animal health relevance ( S. Pullorum, S. Gallinarum and S. arizonae). EFSA J 2017; 15:e04954. [PMID: 32625620 PMCID: PMC7009822 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection in poultry (Salmonella Pullorum, Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella arizonae) has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of Salmonella to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of Salmonella according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to Salmonella. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, Salmonella can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in Sections 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The assessment here performed on compliance with the criteria as in Section 1 of Annex IV referred to in point (a) of Article 9(1) is inconclusive. The main animal species to be listed for Salmonella according to Article 8(3) criteria are all species of domestic poultry and wild species of mainly Anseriformes and Galliformes, as indicated in the present opinion.
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Md. AAM, S. MLK, Md. MI, Mostary L, SK SI, AHM TA, Md MH. Molecular identification and characterization of Salmonella species isolated from poultry value chains of Gazipur and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2017-8431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sannat C, Patyal A, Rawat N, Ghosh RC, Jolhe DK, Shende RK, Hirpurkar SD, Shakya S. Characterization of Salmonella Gallinarum from an outbreak in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh. Vet World 2017; 10:144-148. [PMID: 28344395 PMCID: PMC5352837 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.144-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present investigation was conducted to isolate and characterize Salmonella Gallinarum from an outbreak of fowl typhoid in layer birds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinically ill and dead layer birds from an outbreak were investigated. History, clinical signs, and postmortem lesions were suggestive of fowl typhoid. Postmortem samples including heart blood, intestinal contents, pieces of ovary, and liver were collected and processed immediately for bacterial culture, serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Isolates were further screened for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) (blaTEM) gene by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS On the basis of cultural, staining and biochemical characteristics; three bacterial isolates were confirmed as S. Gallinarum. On serotyping, somatic antigen O: 9 and 12 with nonflagellated antigen were detected in all three isolates. Isolates were intermediate sensitive to amoxycillin, amoxyclav, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin and resistant to most of the antibiotics including chloramphenicol, ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefexime, cefepime, azithromycin, nalidixin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin. Two isolates were found to harbor ESBL (blaTEM) gene. CONCLUSION Beta lactamase producer S. Gallinarum was confirmed as cause of increased mortality in layer birds during present investigation. Existence of multi drug resistant Salmonella poses serious threat to poultry industry in Chhattisgarh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrahas Sannat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anil Patyal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - R. C. Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - D. K. Jolhe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - R. K. Shende
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S. D. Hirpurkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Shakya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India
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