1
|
Morales-Ubaldo AL, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Zaragoza-Bastida A. Bovine mastitis, a worldwide impact disease: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and viable alternative approaches. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 21:100306. [PMID: 37547227 PMCID: PMC10400929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is globally considered one of the most important diseases within dairy herds, mainly due to the associated economic losses. The most prevalent etiology are bacteria, classified into contagious and environmental, with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common pathogens associated with mastitis cases. To date these pathogens are resistant to the most common active ingredients used for mastitis treatment. According to recent studies resistance to new antimicrobials has increased, which is why developing of alternative treatments is imperative. Therefore the present review aims to summarize the reports about bovine mastitis along 10 years, emphasizing bacterial etiology, its epidemiology, and the current situation of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the development of alternative treatments for this pathology. Analyzed data showed that the prevalence of major pathogens associated with bovine mastitis varied according to geographical region. Moreover, these pathogens are classified as multidrug-resistant, since the effectiveness of antimicrobials on them has decreased. To date, several studies have focused on the research of alternative treatments, among them vegetal extracts, essential oils, or peptides. Some other works have reported the application of nanotechnology and polymers against bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. Results demonstrated that these alternatives may be effective on bacteria associated with bovine mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruiz
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, CP. 98068, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kybartas M, Virgailis M, Ruzauskas M, Klimienė I, Šiugždinienė R, Merkevičienė L, Štreimikytė-Mockeliūnė Ž, Mockeliūnas R. A Study on the Stability and Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Newly Modeled Teat Dip Solution Containing Chlorhexidine. Vet Sci 2023; 10:510. [PMID: 37624297 PMCID: PMC10458168 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much focus on mastitis as an endemic disease, clinical and subclinical mastitis remains an important problem for many herds. Reducing the usage of antibiotics for mastitis treatment allows the risks to be minimized related to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the excretion of antibiotics into the environment. The aim of the study was to determine the physico-chemical properties, stability and antimicrobial effect of a newly formulated biocide for post-milking udder hygiene containing a thickener made from hydroxypropyl guar gum, an antiseptic chlorhexidine digluconate and teat skin-friendly components including glycerol, Mentha Arvensis herbal oil and Aesculus hippocastanum extract. Hydroxypropyl guar gum was used as a thickener to provide the physical parameters and to retain the viscosity at 1438 mPa.s. The physical and chemical properties of the product, including the 12-month stability, were tested in long-term and accelerated stability studies. The product was effective against the primary mastitis pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modestas Kybartas
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.V.); (M.R.); (I.K.); (R.Š.); (L.M.); (Ž.Š.-M.); (R.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zamojska D, Nowak A, Nowak I, Macierzyńska-Piotrowska E. Probiotics and Postbiotics as Substitutes of Antibiotics in Farm Animals: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123431. [PMID: 34944208 PMCID: PMC8697875 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breeders are searching for methods to protect farming animals against diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The easiest way to fight bacteria is to use antibiotics. Unfortunately, their abuse results in the presence of bacteria resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics in the environment. The restrictions on the use of antibiotics have forced the search for natural and safe ways to protect animals. It has been shown that the use of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria may have a positive effect on the growth and use of feed by broilers, on the stabilization of the intestinal microbiota of chickens and pigs, and in the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows. The use of probiotics (live, nonpathogenic microorganisms) and postbiotics (inanimate bacteria, cell components or post-fermentation by-products) reduces the occurrence of pathogens in large-scale farms. Abstract Since 2006, the use of growth-promoting antibiotics has been banned throughout the European Union. To meet the expectations of livestock farmers, various studies have been carried out with the use of lactic acid bacteria. Scientists are trying to obtain the antimicrobial effect against the most common pathogens in large-scale farms. Supplementing the diet of broilers with probiotics (live, nonpathogenic microorganisms) stabilized the intestinal microbiota, which improved the results of body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI). The positive effect of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria has been shown to prevent the occurrence of diarrhea during piglet weaning. The antagonistic activity of postbiotics (inanimate bacteria, cell components, or post-fermentation by-products) from post-culture media after lactobacilli cultures has been proven on Staphylococcus aureus—the pathogen most often responsible for causing mastitis among dairy cows. The article aims to present the latest research examining the antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria on the most common pathogens in broilers, piglets, pigs, and cow farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zamojska
- Polwet-Centrowet Sp. z o.o., M. Konopnickiej 21, 98-100 Lask, Poland;
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (A.N.)
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schwenker JA, Schotte U, Hölzel CS. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine- and lactic acid-based teat disinfectants: An intervention trial assessing bacterial selection and susceptibility. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:734-747. [PMID: 34756445 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Teat disinfection is a recommended preventive tool to improve udder health and to prevent new intramammary infections. However, side effects are discussed, such as bacterial selection of less-susceptible bacteria with the application of certain teat disinfectants. The objective of this study was to assess the species composition and bacterial in vitro susceptibility by means of an interventive trial. For this purpose, 3 different postmilking teat treatments (disinfection with 0.215% chlorhexidine or 3.5% lactic acid, or control group with no dipping) were applied to 28 cows in a 6-d intervention approach using a split-udder design. Milk samples were taken before and after intervention. Bacteria were cultured and differentiated to species or genus level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined, and MIC changes over time were recorded. Susceptibilities to chlorhexidine and lactic acid were compared between species of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and others. Species composition changed during the intervention. Under the treatment of chlorhexidine and lactic acid, the proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) decreased. An increased proportion of species belonging to the genus Corynebacterium was observed especially under the application of lactic acid. Although both teat disinfectants were basically effective, isolates differed in their susceptibility to both teat disinfectants. Populations of CNS, Staphylococcus aureus, and Corynebacterium spp. showed significantly lower absolute MIC values for chlorhexidine. Compared with other species, Corynebacterium spp. showed the lowest susceptibility for chlorhexidine as well as for lactic acid. A significant increase in MIC values after 6 d of intervention was observed with the lactic acid treatment in all isolates, as well as in CNS. This increase can be interpreted as either adaptation of isolates or displacement of more-susceptible species by less-susceptible species. Further studies using long-term intervention might reveal more pronounced effects on MIC values and species composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Schwenker
- Department for Animal Hygiene and Animal Health, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - U Schotte
- Department A-Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - C S Hölzel
- Department for Animal Hygiene and Animal Health, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prompetch T, Chailorm A, Tiwananthagorn S, Buranapim N, Okonogi S, Kato H, Katip W, Mektrirat R. Preclinical Evaluations of Modified Rice Hydrogel for Topical Ophthalmic Drug Delivery of Praziquantel on Avian Philophalmiasis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070952. [PMID: 34202866 PMCID: PMC8309131 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel drug delivery system of the modified rice hydrogel containing praziquantel (PZQ) against Philophthalmus gralli isolated from ostrich eyes and determine the toxicity of the preparation on chicken eye model. The parasiticidal activity of PZQ (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) was tested on P. gralli. The ophthalmic antiparasitic hydrogel was formulated with appropriate amount of PZQ and chemically modified rice gel. The parasitic morphology after exposure with the preparation was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The anthelminthic efficacy of the preparation on motility and mortality of parasites was performed by visual inspection and vital dye staining. The ocular irritation of the preparation was evaluated for 21 days using standard avian model followed by OECD 405. The results demonstrated that the parasiticidal activity of PZQ against P. gralli appears to be in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the concentration of PZQ 10 µg/mL (Chi squared test, p = 0.003) and exposure time for 24 h (log-rank test, p = 0.0004) is sufficient to kill parasites, when statistically compared to negative control group. Rice hydrogel containing a lethal concentration of 10 µg/mL PZQ was successfully prepared. The preparation illustrated good parasitic killing and motile inhibiting effect on P. gralli compared with PZQ 10 µg/mL and its control (p < 0.05). An appearance under SEM of non-viable parasite after being incubated with the preparation, showing parasitic deformity, was observed comparing with the viable parasite in 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS). Moreover, no irritation of chicken eyes was also observed. Our results contribute to understanding the efficacy and the safety of the rice hydrogel of PZQ which have a predictive value for controlling P. gralli on the animal eyes. However, the pharmacological application needs to be further investigated for the best possible therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Treepecth Prompetch
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Akawat Chailorm
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Saruda Tiwananthagorn
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Nithidol Buranapim
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 3290498, Japan;
| | - Wasan Katip
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.K.); (R.M.); Tel.: +66-53-944342 (W.K.); +66-53-948046 (R.M.)
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.C.); (S.T.)
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.K.); (R.M.); Tel.: +66-53-944342 (W.K.); +66-53-948046 (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Bai D, Wei Y, Sun J, Luo Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Q. Synergistic inhibition mechanism of pediocin PA-1 and L-lactic acid against Aeromonas hydrophila. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183346. [PMID: 32428447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediocin PA-1 (PA-1) is a membrane-targeting bacteriocin from lactic acid bacteria, which shows antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive pathogens. However, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria does not allow pediocin access to its target. In this work, the synergistic inhibitory mechanism of PA-1 with L-lactic acid against Gram-negative aquaculture and food pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) was analyzed. The combined treatment of 3.5 mmol/L L-lactic acid and 50 μmol/L (or 30 μmol/L) PA-1 had strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila. Full wavelength scanning and ELISA assay revealed the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of A. hydrophila caused by L-lactic acid treatment. Laser confocal microscopic imaging of A. hydrophila with FITC-labeled pediocin PA-1 proved the accumulation of PA-1 on lactic acid-treated bacterial cells. PA-1 then caused a rapid dissipation of membrane potential (Δψ) and a proton gradient difference (ΔpH) in lactic acid-treated A. hydrophila. Pediocin PA-1 also caused an increase in the extracellular ATP level. Morphology revealed by SEM and TEM showed that combined treating with lactic acid and PA-1 induced vesicles on the cell surface, the outer and inner membrane disruption, and even cytoplasm leakage and cell lysis. The results proved a potential mechanism of the synergistic inhibition of lactic acid and PA-1 against A. hydrophila, by which L-lactic acid released the outer membrane LPS, making it possible for PA-1 to contact the plasma membrane of A. hydrophila, resulting in the dissipation of proton-motive force in the inner membrane and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingru Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Dongqing Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China.
| | - Yunlu Wei
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, 300384 Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|