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Cariti F, Caivano F, de Robertis V, Dadduzio S, Guarino P, Barbara F, Pontillo V, Russo C, Plantone F, Barbara M. Electrochemotherapy as palliative care in patients with local or metastatic recurrence of head and neck cancer: review of state of the art. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2024; 44:S37-S41. [PMID: 38745515 PMCID: PMC11098543 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-suppl.1-44-2024-n2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are mostly represented by squamous cell carcinoma. Despite effective treatment of primary tumours, local recurrences and metastases are frequent, with up to a 60% risk of local and 30% of distant failure. Moreover, second primary tumours sometimes occur in these patients (2-3% per year). Treatment of recurrences, metastases, and second primary tumours can be extremely challenging for Otorhinolaryngologists, especially in patients who have already been treated with radiotherapy, previous surgery, or both. Electrochemotherapy represents an effective and valid option in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cariti
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Ospedale “Mons. Dimiccoli”, Barletta, Italy
| | - Francesca Caivano
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Dadduzio
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Ospedale “Mons. Dimiccoli”, Barletta, Italy
| | - Pierre Guarino
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Ospedale Civile Santo Spirito, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbara
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pontillo
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Russo
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Ospedale Di Venere, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Michele Barbara
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Unit, Ospedale Di Venere, Bari, Italy
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Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Staigvila G, Novickij V. Invasive and non-invasive electrodes for successful drug and gene delivery in electroporation-based treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1094968. [PMID: 36727038 PMCID: PMC9885012 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is an effective physical method for irreversible or reversible permeabilization of plasma membranes of biological cells and is typically used for tissue ablation or targeted drug/DNA delivery into living cells. In the context of cancer treatment, full recovery from an electroporation-based procedure is frequently dependent on the spatial distribution/homogeneity of the electric field in the tissue; therefore, the structure of electrodes/applicators plays an important role. This review focuses on the analysis of electrodes and in silico models used for electroporation in cancer treatment and gene therapy. We have reviewed various invasive and non-invasive electrodes; analyzed the spatial electric field distribution using finite element method analysis; evaluated parametric compatibility, and the pros and cons of application; and summarized options for improvement. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of tissue bioimpedance for accurate treatment planning using numerical modeling and the effects of pulse frequency on tissue conductivity and relative permittivity values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gediminas Staigvila
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Bioelectronic medicines: Therapeutic potential and advancements in next-generation cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Electrochemotherapy: An Alternative Strategy for Improving Therapy in Drug-Resistant SOLID Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174341. [PMID: 36077875 PMCID: PMC9454613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy is becoming an increasingly difficult antitumor therapy to practice due to the multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. To overcome the problem, it is possible to use alternative techniques, such as electrochemotherapy, which involves the simultaneous administration of the electrical pulse (electroporation) and the treatment with the drug in order to improve the effectiveness of the drug against the tumor. Electroporation has improved the efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents, such bleomycin, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil. The results of in vitro, veterinary, and clinical oncology studies are promising on various cancers, such as metastatic melanoma. The purpose of this review is to give an update on the state of the art of electrochemotherapy against the main solid tumors in the preclinical, clinical, and veterinary field. Abstract Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is one of the innovative strategies to overcome the multi drug resistance (MDR) that often occurs in cancer. Resistance to anticancer drugs results from a variety of factors, such as genetic or epigenetic changes, an up-regulated outflow of drugs, and various cellular and molecular mechanisms. This technology combines the administration of chemotherapy with the application of electrical pulses, with waveforms capable of increasing drug uptake in a non-toxic and well tolerated mechanical system. ECT is used as a first-line adjuvant therapy in veterinary oncology, where it improves the efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents by increasing their uptake into cancer cells. The chemotherapeutic agents that have been enhanced by this technique are bleomycin, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil. After their use, a better localized control of the neoplasm has been observed. In humans, the use of ECT was initially limited to local palliative therapy for cutaneous metastases of melanoma, but phase I/II studies are currently ongoing for several histotypes of cancer, with promising results. In this review, we described the preclinical and clinical use of ECT on drug-resistant solid tumors, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, gynecological cancer and, finally, colorectal cancer.
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Kavaliauskaitė J, Kazlauskaitė A, Lazutka JR, Mozolevskis G, Stirkė A. Pulsed Electric Fields Alter Expression of NF-κB Promoter-Controlled Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010451. [PMID: 35008875 PMCID: PMC8745616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to artificially adjust and fine-tune gene expression is one of the key milestones in bioengineering, synthetic biology, and advanced medicine. Since the effects of proteins or other transgene products depend on the dosage, controlled gene expression is required for any applications, where even slight fluctuations of the transgene product impact its function or other critical cell parameters. In this context, physical techniques demonstrate optimistic perspectives, and pulsed electric field technology is a potential candidate for a noninvasive, biophysical gene regulator, exploiting an easily adjustable pulse generating device. We exposed mammalian cells, transfected with a NF-κB pathway-controlled transcription system, to a range of microsecond-duration pulsed electric field parameters. To prevent toxicity, we used protocols that would generate relatively mild physical stimulation. The present study, for the first time, proves the principle that microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields can alter single-gene expression in plasmid context in mammalian cells without significant damage to cell integrity or viability. Gene expression might be upregulated or downregulated depending on the cell line and parameters applied. This noninvasive, ligand-, cofactor-, nanoparticle-free approach enables easily controlled direct electrostimulation of the construct carrying the gene of interest; the discovery may contribute towards the path of simplification of the complexity of physical systems in gene regulation and create further synergies between electronics, synthetic biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kavaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Auksė Kazlauskaitė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Gatis Mozolevskis
- Laboratory of Prototyping of Electronic and Photonic Devices, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Prototyping of Electronic and Photonic Devices, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence:
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Szlasa W, Kiełbik A, Szewczyk A, Novickij V, Tarek M, Łapińska Z, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Rembiałkowska N. Atorvastatin Modulates the Efficacy of Electroporation and Calcium Electrochemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011245. [PMID: 34681903 PMCID: PMC8539882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is influenced by the features of the targeted cell membranes, e.g., the cholesterol content and the surface tension of the membrane. The latter is eventually affected by the organization of actin fibers. Atorvastatin is a statin known to influence both the cholesterol content and the organization of actin. This work analyzes the effects of the latter on the efficacy of electroporation of cancer cells. In addition, herein, electroporation was combined with calcium chloride (CaEP) to assess as well the effects of the statin on the efficacy of electrochemotherapy. Cholesterol-rich cell lines MDA-MB231, DU 145, and A375 underwent (1) 48 h preincubation or (2) direct treatment with 50 nM atorvastatin. We studied the impact of the statin on cholesterol and actin fiber organization and analyzed the cells’ membrane permeability. The viability of cells subjected to PEF (pulsed electric field) treatments and CaEP with 5 mM CaCl2 was examined. Finally, to assess the safety of the therapy, we analyzed the N-and E-cadherin localization using confocal laser microscopy. The results of our investigation revealed that depending on the cell line, atorvastatin preincubation decreases the total cholesterol in the steroidogenic cells and induces reorganization of actin nearby the cell membrane. Under low voltage PEFs, actin reorganization is responsible for the increase in the electroporation threshold. However, when subject to high voltage PEF, the lipid composition of the cell membrane becomes the regulatory factor. Namely, preincubation with atorvastatin reduces the cytotoxic effect of low voltage pulses and enhances the cytotoxicity and cellular changes induced by high voltage pulses. The study confirms that the surface tension regulates of membrane permeability under low voltage PEF treatment. Accordingly, to reduce the unfavorable effects of preincubation with atorvastatin, electroporation of steroidogenic cells should be performed at high voltage and combined with a calcium supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Kiełbik
- Medical University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Zofia Łapińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.Ł.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717840692
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da Luz JCDS, Antunes F, Clavijo-Salomon MA, Signori E, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Clinical Applications and Immunological Aspects of Electroporation-Based Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:727. [PMID: 34358144 PMCID: PMC8310106 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible electropermeabilization (RE) is an ultrastructural phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cell membrane upon application of electrical pulses. The technique was described in 1972 by Neumann and Rosenheck and is currently used in a variety of applications, from medicine to food processing. In oncology, RE is applied for the intracellular transport of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as the delivery of genetic material in gene therapies and vaccinations. This review summarizes the physical changes of the membrane, the particularities of bleomycin, and the immunological aspects involved in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer, two important EP-based cancer therapies in human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos dos Santos da Luz
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | | | - Emanuela Signori
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nayara Gusmão Tessarollo
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
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Surgeons reaching satisfying outcomes without surgery: nasal dorsum skin cancer recurrence treated with electrochemotherapy. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:751-753. [PMID: 32697469 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck district are generally treated with surgery. Surgery is the standard treatment in early stages and local advanced tumors, followed by adjuvant therapy, radiation or concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Local recurrence treatment depends on previous therapies, though radical surgery is often the first choice at the expense of anatomy preservation. We present the case of a patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal dorsum which relapsed after surgery and radiation therapy. The patient refused radical surgery and electrochemotherapy under general anesthesia was administered. After 6 months from treatment, the patient showed a complete clinical response. Electrochemotherapy could be considered as an alternative to surgery in small lesion when other approaches are refused.
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Perri F, Longo F, Fusco R, D’Alessio V, Aversa C, Pavone E, Pontone M, Marciano ML, Villano S, Franco P, Togo G, Fazio GRD, Ordano D, Maglitto F, Salzano G, Maglione MG, Guida A, Ionna F. Electrochemotherapy as a First Line Treatment in Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx PDL-1 Negative and/or with Evident Contraindication to Immunotherapy: A Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092210. [PMID: 34064511 PMCID: PMC8124504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have advanced-stage disease (stages III to IVB) that do not respond to therapy despite aggressive, site-specific multimodality therapy. A great number of them will develop disease recurrence, with up to 60% risk of local failure and up to 30% risk of distant failure. Therapy can be very demanding for the patient especially when important anatomical structures are involved. For these reasons, therapies that preserve organ functionality in combination with effective local tumor control, like electrochemotherapy (ECT), are of great interest. Until few months ago, systemic cetuximab + platinum-based therapy + 5-fluorouracil represented the standard treatment for HNSCC relapses with a median overall survival of 10.1 months and an objective response rate of 36%. Recently the results of KEYNOTE-048 study were published and a new combination of monoclonal antibody named pembrolizumab and chemotherapy emerged as standard first line therapy of recurrent or metastatic tumor that overexpress tissue PDL-1 (Programmed Death 1 ligand). Nevertheless, a variable percentage from 10 to 15% of patients with recurrent/metastatic disease have a tumor that does not overexpress tissue PDL-1, and therefore, according to the results of the KEYNOTE-048 study, does not benefit from replacement of cetuximab with pembrolizumab. These patients will be treated with the "gold standard": cetuximab, cisplatin/carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil. AIM To verify whether electrochemotherapy performed with bleomycin of HNSCC relapses of the oral cavity and oropharynx (single relapse on T) is able to lead to an increase in the objective response rate in comparison with the systemic treatment with cetuximab + platinum-based therapy + 5-fluorouracil in patients with PDL-1 negative tumors. METHODS The phase IIb study involves the enrolment of 96 patients who meet the inclusion criteria (48 in the control arm and 48 in the treatment arm). The control arm involves the treatment of HNSCC with systemic treatment (cetuximab + platinum-based therapy + 5-fluorouracil). The treatment arm involves the ECT with bleomycin. The primary objective is to verify the objective response rate of patients in the control arm compared to the treatment arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perri
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Francesco Longo
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Roberta Fusco
- IGEA SpA Medical Division—Oncology, Via Casarea 65, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria D’Alessio
- IGEA SpA Medical Division—Oncology, Via Casarea 65, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Corrado Aversa
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Ettore Pavone
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Monica Pontone
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Maria Luisa Marciano
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (M.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Salvatore Villano
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Pierluigi Franco
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Giulia Togo
- School of Specialization in Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.R.D.F.); (D.O.)
| | - Gianluca Renato De Fazio
- School of Specialization in Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.R.D.F.); (D.O.)
| | - Daniele Ordano
- School of Specialization in Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.R.D.F.); (D.O.)
| | - Fabio Maglitto
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Maria Grazia Maglione
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
| | - Agostino Guida
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia, AORN A. Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Franco Ionna
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale-IRCCS di Napoli, Naples, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (E.P.); (S.V.); (P.F.); (F.M.); (G.S.); (M.G.M.); (F.I.)
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Strojan P, Grošelj A, Serša G, Plaschke CC, Vermorken JB, Nuyts S, de Bree R, Eisbruch A, Mendenhall WM, Smee R, Ferlito A. Electrochemotherapy in Mucosal Cancer of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061254. [PMID: 33809141 PMCID: PMC7999968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local ablative treatment that is based on the reversible electroporation and intracellular accumulation of hydrophilic drug molecules, which greatly increases their cytotoxicity. In mucosal head and neck cancer (HNC), experience with ECT is limited due to the poor accessibility of tumors. In order to review the experience with ECT in mucosal HNC, we undertook a systematic review of the literature. In 22 articles, published between 1998 and 2020, 16 studies with 164 patients were described. Curative and palliative intent treatment were given to 36 (22%) and 128 patients (78%), respectively. The majority of tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (79.3%) and located in the oral cavity (62.8%). In the curative intent group, complete response after one ECT treatment was achieved in 80.5% of the patients, and in the palliative intent group, the objective (complete and partial) response rate was 73.1% (31.2% and 41.9%). No serious adverse events were reported during or soon after ECT and late effects were rare (19 events in 17 patients). The quality-of-life assessments did not show a significant deterioration at 12 months post-ECT. Provided these preliminary data are confirmed in randomized controlled trials, ECT may be an interesting treatment option in selected patients with HNC not amenable to standard local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5879290
| | - Aleš Grošelj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Christina Caroline Plaschke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jan B. Vermorken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, and Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven and Department of Radiation Oncology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Avraham Eisbruch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5010, USA;
| | - William M. Mendenhall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0385, USA;
| | - Robert Smee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Prince of Wales Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy;
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11
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Robinson AJ, Jain A, Sherman HG, Hague RJM, Rahman R, Sanjuan‐Alberte P, Rawson FJ. Toward Hijacking Bioelectricity in Cancer to Develop New Bioelectronic Medicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andie J. Robinson
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Akhil Jain
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Harry G. Sherman
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Richard J. M. Hague
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG8 1BB UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Paola Sanjuan‐Alberte
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon 1049‐001 Portugal
| | - Frankie J. Rawson
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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12
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Izzo F, Ionna F, Granata V, Albino V, Patrone R, Longo F, Guida A, Delrio P, Rega D, Scala D, Pezzuto R, Fusco R, Di Bernardo E, D’Alessio V, Grassi R, Contartese D, Palaia R. New Deployable Expandable Electrodes in the Electroporation Treatment in a Pig Model: A Feasibility and Usability Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020515. [PMID: 32102182 PMCID: PMC7072261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the usability aspects of new deployable, expandable, electrode prototypes, in terms of suitability solutions for laparoscopic applications on the liver, endoscopic trans-oral and trans-anal procedures, electroporation segmentation in several steps, mechanical functionality (flexibility, penetrability), visibility of the electrode under instrumental guidance, compatibility of the electrode with laparoscopic/endoscopic accesses, surgical instruments, and procedural room and safety compatibility. The electroporation was performed on an animal model (Sus Scrofa Large White 60 kg) both in laparoscopy and endoscopy, under ultrasound guidance, and in open surgery. Electrodes without divergence, with needles coming out straight, parallel to each other, and electrodes with peripheral needles (four needles), diverging from the electrode shaft axis (electrode with non-zero divergence) have been tested. To cause an evaluable necrosis effect, the number of electrical pulses was increased to induce immediate liver cell death. Histological samples were analyzed by staining with Haematoxylin/Eosin or by immunohistochemical staining to confirm complete necrosis. The prototypes of expandable electrodes, tested in laparoscopy and endoscopy and in open surgery, respectively, are suitable in terms of usability, electroporation segmentation in several steps, mechanical functionality (flexibility, penetrability), visibility under instrumental guidance, compatibility with laparoscopic/endoscopic accesses, surgical instruments and procedural room safety, patient safety (no bleeding and/or perforation), and treatment efficacy (adequate ablated volume). Electroporation treatment using new deployable expandable electrode prototypes is safe and feasible. Moreover, electrode configurations allow for a gradual increase in the ablated area in consecutive steps, as confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Izzo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hepatobiliary Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Franco Ionna
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Maxillo-Facial Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Division of Radiodiagnostic, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Albino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hepatobiliary Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Renato Patrone
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DELLA CAMPANIA LUIGI VANVITELLI, NAPOLI, ITALIA, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Longo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Maxillo-Facial Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Agostino Guida
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Maxillo-Facial Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Colo-Rectal Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.D.); (D.R.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Daniela Rega
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Colo-Rectal Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.D.); (D.R.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Dario Scala
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Colo-Rectal Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.D.); (D.R.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pezzuto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Colo-Rectal Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.D.); (D.R.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Research & Development Division, Igea SpA, Via Casarea 65, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Elio Di Bernardo
- Research & Development Division, Igea SpA, Via Casarea 65, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Valeria D’Alessio
- Research & Development Division, Igea SpA, Via Casarea 65, Casalnuovo di Napoli, 80013 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Roberto Grassi
- Division of Radiodiagnostic, UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DELLA CAMPANIA LUIGI VANVITELLI, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Miraglia, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Deyanira Contartese
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS–ISTITUTO ORTOPEDICO RIZZOLI, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Palaia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hepatobiliary Unit, ISTITUTO NAZIONALE TUMORI–IRCCS-FONDAZIONE G. PASCALE, NAPOLI, ITALIA, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (R.P.)
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13
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Campana LG, Miklavčič D, Bertino G, Marconato R, Valpione S, Imarisio I, Dieci MV, Granziera E, Cemazar M, Alaibac M, Sersa G. Electrochemotherapy of superficial tumors - Current status:: Basic principles, operating procedures, shared indications, and emerging applications. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:173-191. [PMID: 31122761 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of superficial tumors with electrochemotherapy (ECT) has shown a steep rise over the past decade and indications range from skin cancers to locally advanced or metastatic neoplasms. Based on reversible electroporation, which is a physical method to achieve transient tumor cell membrane permeabilization by means of short electric pulses, ECT increases cellular uptake of bleomycin and cisplatin and their cytotoxicity by 8,000- and 80-fold, respectively. Standard operating procedures were established in 2006 and updated in 2018. Ease of administration, patient tolerability, efficacy across histotypes, and repeatability are peculiar advantages, which make standard ECT (ie, ECT using fixed-geometry electrodes) a reliable option for controlling superficial tumor growth locally and preventing their morbidity. Consolidated indications include superficial metastatic melanoma, breast cancer, head and neck skin tumors, nonmelanoma skin cancers, and Kaposi sarcoma. In well-selected patients with oropharyngeal cancers, ECT ensures appreciable symptom control. Emerging applications include skin metastases from visceral or hematological malignancies, vulvar cancer, and some noncancerous skin lesions (keloids and capillary vascular malformations). Repeatability and integration with other oncologic therapies allow for consolidation of response and sustained tumor control. In this review, we present the basic principles of ECT, recently updated operating procedures, anesthesiological management, and provide a synthesis of the efficacy of standard ECT across histotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, Italy; Surgical Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giulia Bertino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Imarisio
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Surgical Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Medical Oncology-2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Granziera
- Anesthesiology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Pichi B, Pellini R, Spriano G. Electrochemotherapy - A locoregional therapy with well-established palliative effect in patient with large recurrent lesion of head and neck. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 47:41-46. [PMID: 30471938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a well established treatment strategy for skin tumors of different histology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of electrochemotherapy in the palliative setting in patients with head and neck malignancies, already treated with surgery and/or radio-chemotherapy with no other therapeutic option. METHODS Thirty-six patients with a loco-regional M0/M1 relapse with no other therapeutic option not suitable for a cure with a radical intent by surgery or RT and not suitable for systemic therapy and/or already treated with it, were admitted to electrochemotherapy (ECT) protocol treatment. ECT was performed according ESOPE guidelines. Clinical features, treatment response, and adverse effects were evaluated 15, 30 days and then every months after the treatment. RESULTS An overall response of 100% was observed. Only 3 patients out 36 showed a CR. Overall survival probability at 12 months was 41.6% (median OS: 9 months). In all patient, an improvement of quality of life in terms of pain, bleeding events were observed, while need for medical assistance or dressing was significantly reduced 1 month after electrochemotherapy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Electrochemotherapy is an effective palliative treatment of non-resectable head and neck malignancies able. Due to the ECT limited side effects, its early use would be desirable to obtain a better local control of the disease and improve quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pichi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCSS National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Raul Pellini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCSS National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCSS National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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