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Novel Insights of Lymphomagenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Dependent Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040547. [PMID: 30999581 PMCID: PMC6520890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of gastric lymphoma. Most gastric MALT lymphomas are characterized by their association with the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and are cured by first-line HP eradication therapy (HPE). Several studies have been conducted to investigate why most gastric MALT lymphomas remain localized, are dependent on HP infection, and show HP-specific intratumoral T-cells (e.g., CD40-mediated signaling, T-helper-2 (Th2)-type cytokines, chemokines, costimulatory molecules, and FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells) and their communication with B-cells. Furthermore, the reason why the antigen stimuli of these intratumoral T-cells with tonic B-cell receptor signaling promote lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma has also been investigated. In addition to the aforementioned mechanisms, it has been demonstrated that the translocated HP cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) can promote B-cell proliferation through the activation of Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-2) phosphorylation-dependent signaling, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, the expression of CagA and these CagA-signaling molecules is closely associated with the HP-dependence of gastric MALT lymphomas (completely respond to first-line HPE). In this article, we summarize evidence of the classical theory of HP-reactive T-cells and the new paradigm of direct interaction between HP and B-cells that contributes to the HP-dependent lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphomas. Although the role of first-line HPE in the treatment of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma remains uncertain, several case series suggest that a proportion of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains antibiotic-responsive and is cured by HPE. Considering the complicated interaction between microbiomes and the genome/epigenome, further studies on the precise mechanisms of HP- and other bacteria-directed lymphomagenesis in antibiotic-responsive gastric MALT lymphomas are warranted.
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Muto M, Manfroi B, Suzuki H, Joh K, Nagai M, Wakai S, Righini C, Maiguma M, Izui S, Tomino Y, Huard B, Suzuki Y. Toll-Like Receptor 9 Stimulation Induces Aberrant Expression of a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand by Tonsillar Germinal Center B Cells in IgA Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1227-1238. [PMID: 27920152 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The TNF family member a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; also known as TNFSF13), produced by myeloid cells, participates in the generation and survival of antibody-producing plasma cells. We studied the potential role of APRIL in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We found that a significant proportion of germinal centers (GCs) in tonsils of patients with IgAN contained cells aberrantly producing APRIL, contributing to an overall upregulation of tonsillar APRIL expression compared with that in tonsils of control patients with tonsillitis. In IgAN GC, antigen-experienced IgD-CD38+/-CD19+ B cells expressing a switched IgG/IgA B cell receptor produced APRIL. Notably, these GC B cells expressed mRNA encoding the common cleavable APRIL-α but also, the less frequent APRIL-δ/ζ mRNA, which encodes a protein that lacks a furin cleavage site and is, thus, the uncleavable membrane-bound form. Significant correlation between TLR9 and APRIL expression levels existed in tonsils from patients with IgAN. In vitro, repeated TLR9 stimulation induced APRIL expression in tonsillar B cells from control patients with tonsillitis. Clinically, aberrant APRIL expression in tonsillar GC correlated with greater proteinuria, and patients with IgAN and aberrant APRIL overexpression in tonsillar GC responded well to tonsillectomy, with parallel decreases in serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1. Taken together, our data indicate that antibody disorders in IgAN associate with TLR9-induced aberrant expression of APRIL in tonsillar GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benoit Manfroi
- Analytical Immunology for Chronic Pathologies, Albert Bonniot Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/University Joseph Fourier U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nagai
- Division of Nephrology and Diabetology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Wakai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Righini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Masayuki Maiguma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Analytical Immunology for Chronic Pathologies, Albert Bonniot Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/University Joseph Fourier U823, Grenoble, France;
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan;
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Huard B, Tran NL, Benkhoucha M, Manzin-Lorenzi C, Santiago-Raber ML. Selective APRIL blockade delays systemic lupus erythematosus in mouse. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31837. [PMID: 22355399 PMCID: PMC3280206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE pathogenesis is complex, but it is now widely accepted that autoantibodies play a key role in the process by forming excessive immune complexes; their deposits within tissues leading to inflammation and functional damages. A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily mediating antibody-producing plasma cell (PC)-survival that may be involved in the duration of pathogenic autoantibodies in lupus. We found significant increases of APRIL at the mRNA and protein levels in bone marrow but not spleen cells from NZB/W lupus mice, as compared to control mice. Selective antibody-mediated APRIL blockade delays disease development in this model by preventing proteinuria, kidney lesions, and mortality. Notably, this was achieved by decreasing anti-DNA and anti-chromatin autoantibody levels, without any perturbation of B- and T-cell homeostasis. Thus, anti-APRIL treatment may constitute an alternative therapy in SLE highly specific to PCs compared to other B-cell targeting therapies tested in this disease, and likely to be associated with less adverse effects than any anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agents previously used.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Blotting, Western
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/physiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Huard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Lan Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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